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Asian Journal of Surgery Oct 2022
Topics: Colon; Diaphragm; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 35440392
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2022.03.132 -
Thoracic Cancer Jun 2021Primary diaphragm tumors are rare. The aim of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features of primary diaphragm tumor patients who underwent surgical...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Primary diaphragm tumors are rare. The aim of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features of primary diaphragm tumor patients who underwent surgical treatment in our center to improve the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
METHODS
Clinical data of patients with primary diaphragm tumor who underwent surgery in our hospital from 2004 to 2019 were reviewed and analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 18 patients were enrolled. The male:female ratio was 8:10, and the median age was 58 years old (35-74 years old). Most patients included in this study had no typical clinical symptoms. Nine tumor cases were distributed in the left and right diaphragms separately, whereas 11 cases were located at the diaphragm angle. The diaphragm of 12 patients was reconstructed by direct suture. All postoperative pathologies showed that the tumors were benign, and cysts were observed in most of the cases (5/18).
CONCLUSIONS
There are no difference in distribution of gender and distribution on both sides of the diaphragm. In addition, primary diaphragm tumor is common in middle-age patients. Most cases occur in the diaphragm angle and are characterized by cyst lesions. Surgical resection is an effective treatment option for primary diaphragm tumor.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Diaphragm; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33943027
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13988 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jun 2024The aim of this systematic review is to study the subdiaphragmatic anatomy of the phrenic nerve. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review is to study the subdiaphragmatic anatomy of the phrenic nerve.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A computerised systematic search of the Web of Science database was conducted. The key terms used were phrenic nerve, subdiaphragmat*, esophag*, liver, stomach, pancre*, duoden*, intestin*, bowel, gangli*, biliar*, Oddi, gallbladder, peritone*, spleen, splenic, hepat*, Glisson, falciform, coronary ligament, kidney, suprarenal, and adrenal. The 'cited-by' articles were also reviewed to ensure that all appropriate studies were included.
RESULTS
A total of one thousand three hundred and thirty articles were found, of which eighteen met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Quality Appraisal for Cadaveric Studies scale revealed substantial to excellent methodological quality of human studies, while a modified version of the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias Tool denoted poor methodological quality of animal studies. According to human studies, phrenic supply has been demonstrated for the gastro-esophageal junction, stomach, celiac ganglia, liver and its coronary ligament, inferior vena cava, gallbladder and adrenal glands, with half of the human samples studied presenting phrenic nerve connections with any subdiaphragmatic structure.
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides the first systematic evidence of subdiaphragmatic phrenic nerve supply and connections. This is of interest to professionals who care for people suffering from neck and shoulder pain, as well as patients with peridiaphragmatic disorders or hiccups. However, there are controversies about the autonomic or sensory nature of this supply.
Topics: Phrenic Nerve; Humans; Diaphragm; Animals
PubMed: 38692333
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152269 -
Anesthesiology May 2022
Topics: Diaphragm; Muscle Contraction; Respiration, Artificial; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 35325037
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000004191 -
Anesthesiology May 2020The assessment of diaphragm function with diaphragm ultrasound seems to bring important clinical information to describe diaphragm work and weakness. When the diaphragm...
BACKGROUND
The assessment of diaphragm function with diaphragm ultrasound seems to bring important clinical information to describe diaphragm work and weakness. When the diaphragm is weak, extradiaphragmatic muscles may play an important role, but whether ultrasound can also assess their activity and function is unknown. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the feasibility of measuring the thickening of the parasternal intercostal and investigate the responsiveness of this muscle to assisted ventilation; and (2) evaluate whether a combined evaluation of the parasternal and the diaphragm could predict failure of a spontaneous breathing trial.
METHODS
First, an exploratory evaluation of the parasternal in 23 healthy subjects. Second, the responsiveness of parasternal to several pressure support levels were studied in 16 patients. Last, parasternal activity was compared in presence or absence of diaphragm dysfunction (assessed by magnetic stimulation of the phrenic nerves and ultrasound) and in case of success/failure of a spontaneous breathing trial in 54 patients.
RESULTS
The parasternal was easily accessible in all patients. The interobserver reproducibility was good (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.89). There was a progressive decrease in parasternal muscle thickening fraction with increasing levels of pressure support (Spearman ρ = -0.61 [95% CI, -0.74 to -0.44]; P < 0.0001) and an inverse correlation between parasternal muscle thickening fraction and the pressure generating capacity of the diaphragm (Spearman ρ = -0.79 [95% CI, -0.87 to -0.66]; P < 0.0001). The parasternal muscle thickening fraction was higher in patients with diaphragm dysfunction: 17% (10 to 25) versus 5% (3 to 8), P < 0.0001. The pressure generating capacity of the diaphragm, the diaphragm thickening fraction and the parasternal thickening fraction similarly predicted failure or the spontaneous breathing trial.
CONCLUSIONS
Ultrasound assessment of the parasternal intercostal muscle is feasible in the intensive care unit and provides novel information regarding the respiratory capacity load balance.
Topics: Adult; Diaphragm; Female; Humans; Intercostal Muscles; Male; Respiration, Artificial; Ultrasonography, Interventional; Ventilator Weaning; Young Adult
PubMed: 32084029
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003191 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Nov 2020Obesity is associated with bioenergetic dysfunction of peripheral muscles; however, little is known regarding the impact of obesity on the diaphragm. We hypothesized...
Obesity is associated with bioenergetic dysfunction of peripheral muscles; however, little is known regarding the impact of obesity on the diaphragm. We hypothesized that obesity would be associated with diaphragm dysfunction attributable to mitochondrial oxygen consumption and structural and ultrastructural changes. Wistar rat litters were culled to 3 pups to induce early postnatal overfeeding and consequent obesity. Control animals were obtained from unculled litters. From , diaphragm ultrasound, computed tomography, high-resolution respirometry, immunohistochemical, biomolecular, and ultrastructural histological analyses were performed. The diaphragms of obese animals, compared with those of controls, presented changes in morphology as increased thickening fraction, diaphragm excursion, and diaphragm dome height, as well as increased mitochondrial respiratory capacity coupled to ATP synthesis and maximal respiratory capacity. Fatty acid synthase gene expression was also higher in obese animals, suggesting a source of energy for the respiratory chain. Myosin heavy chain-IIA was increased, indicating shift from glycolytic toward oxidative muscle fiber profile. Diaphragm tissue also exhibited ultrastructural changes, such as compact, round, and swollen mitochondria with fainter cristae and more lysosomal bodies. Dynamin-1 expression in the diaphragm was reduced in obese rats, suggesting decreased mitochondrial fission. Furthermore, gene expressions of peroxisome γ proliferator-activated receptor coactivator-1α and superoxide dismutase-2 were lower in obese animals than in controls, which may indicate a predisposition to oxidative injury. In conclusion, in the obesity model used herein, muscle fiber phenotype was altered in a manner likely associated with increased mitochondrial respiratory capability, suggesting respiratory adaptation to increased metabolic demand. Obesity has been associated with peripheral muscle dysfunction; however, little is known about its impact on the diaphragm. In the current study, we found high oxygen consumption in diaphragm tissue and changes in muscle fiber phenotypes toward a more oxidative profile in experimental obesity.
Topics: Animals; Diaphragm; Energy Metabolism; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Wistar
PubMed: 32909923
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00262.2020 -
Thoracic Cancer Nov 2021Desmoplastic fibroblastoma is an extremely rare benign soft tissue tumor and desmoplastic fibroblastoma originating from the diaphragm has not been documented...
Desmoplastic fibroblastoma is an extremely rare benign soft tissue tumor and desmoplastic fibroblastoma originating from the diaphragm has not been documented previously. In our case, we report the first primary diaphragm desmoplastic fibroblastoma.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diaphragm; Female; Fibroma, Desmoplastic; Humans; Middle Aged; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34581000
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14168 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Apr 2021The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), including the copper-bearing device and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), is safe among nulligravidas and... (Review)
Review
The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs), including the copper-bearing device and the levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS), is safe among nulligravidas and adolescent girls. However, several misconceptions limit their use in clinical practice; health-care providers are hesitant to prescribe IUDs, and several myths associated with their usage in nulligravidas and adolescents exist among both providers and women themselves. The high rates of unplanned pregnancies (which in many settings constitute a public health issue, primarily among adolescent females) can be attributed at least partially to lack of awareness and limited use of highly effective contraceptives such as IUDs. In this review, we discuss the role of non-hormonal and hormonal IUDs as effective contraceptives in nulligravidas and adolescent girls. We present a literature review of data that highlight contraceptive efficacy, side effects (including reasons for discontinuation), and continuation rates with the method. We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases for all articles published in English between January 1990 through September 2020. A large body of evidence confirmed the effectiveness of IUD/IUS, independent of age and parity. Studies showed a high expulsion rate among adolescents but not among nulligravidas. Additionally, bleeding patterns among adolescents and nulligravidas were similar to those observed among adults and parous women. The high early removal rates observed in adolescents were attributable to bleeding and/or pain, which indicate that compared with adults, adolescents are less likely to accept IUD-induced side effects. IUD placement is an excellent strategy to avoid the high rates of unplanned pregnancies in adolescents and nulligravidas. IUDs are more effective than short-acting reversible contraceptives with failure rates that are equivalent to those observed with permanent contraception. However, few long-term studies have investigated this category of women to definitively establish the role of IUD/IUS as effective means of contraception.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Gravidity; Humans; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; Pregnancy; Pregnancy in Adolescence; Pregnancy, Unwanted
PubMed: 33483956
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14097 -
Microvascular Research Jan 2023The lymphatic vessels in the parietal pleura drain fluids. Impaired drainage function and excessive fluid entry in the pleural cavity accumulate effusion. The rat...
The lymphatic vessels in the parietal pleura drain fluids. Impaired drainage function and excessive fluid entry in the pleural cavity accumulate effusion. The rat diaphragmatic lymphatics drain fluids from the pleura to the muscle layer. Lymphatic subtypes are characterized by the major distribution of discontinuous button-like endothelial junctions (buttons) in initial lymphatics and continuous zipper-like junctions (zippers) in the collecting lymphatics. Inflammation replaced buttons with zippers in tracheal lymphatics. In the mouse diaphragm, the structural relationship between the lymphatics and blood vessels, the presence of lymphatics in the muscle layer, and the distributions of initial and collecting lymphatics are unclear. Moreover, the endothelial junctional alterations and effects of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibition under pleural inflammation are unclear. We subjected the whole-mount mouse diaphragms to immunohistochemistry. The lymphatics and blood vessels were distributed in different layers of the pleural membrane. Major lymphatic subtypes were initial lymphatics in the pleura and collecting lymphatics in the muscle layer. Chronic pleural inflammation disorganized the stratified layers of the lymphatics and blood vessels and replaced buttons with zippers in the pleural lymphatics, which impaired drainage function. VEGFR inhibition under inflammation maintained the vascular structures and drainage function. In addition, VEGFR inhibition maintained the lymphatic endothelial junctions and reduced the blood vessel permeability under inflammation. These findings may provide new targets for managing pleural effusions caused by inflammation, such as pleuritis and empyema, which are common pneumonia comorbidities.
Topics: Rats; Mice; Animals; Diaphragm; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Lymphatic Vessels; Lymphatic System; Inflammation
PubMed: 36122645
DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104438 -
BMJ Sexual & Reproductive Health Jul 2022
Topics: Computer-Assisted Instruction; Contraception; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices; Students, Medical
PubMed: 34949689
DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-201401