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Zhen Ci Yan Jiu = Acupuncture Research Jul 2019To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on renal Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) diabetic rats, so as to explore...
OBJECTIVE
To observe the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on renal Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) diabetic rats, so as to explore its protective mechanisms.
METHODS
A total of 40 diabetic male SD rats were randomly divided into control, model, acupuncture, moxibustion and combined treatment (acupuncture combined with moxibustion) groups (=8 rats in each group). The diabetic model was established by i.p. injection of Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg), followed by regular raising for 9 weeks. Then, the manual acupuncture, moxibustion or acupuncture plus moxibustion at "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) "Shenshu"(BL23) and "Pishu"(BL20) was given to the diabetic rats, once daily for 7 days. On the 8th day, these diabetic rats received i.p. injection of compound Meglumine Diatrizoate Injection (10 mL/kg) for establishing CIN model. Then, the venous blood specimens were collected for detecting contents of serum urine nitrogen (BUN, with urease method) and creatinine (Scr, with picric acid method). The kindey tissues were exteriorized for detecting nitricoxide synthase (NOS, with oxidation-reduction method), malondialdehyde (MDA, with thiobarbituric acid method), superoxide dismutase (SOD, with xanthine oxidase technique) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC, with colorimetric technique). The expression levels of Fas and FasL in the kidney tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot separately. The histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the kidney were observed under microscope (after H.E. staining) and transmission electron microscope, respectively.
RESULTS
Following modeling and compared with the control group, the BUN, Scr and renal MDA contents, and Fas and FasL mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased (<0.01, <0.05), and renal NOS, SOD and T-AOC levels considerably decreased in the model group (<0.05). After the interventions and compared with the model group, serum BUN and Scr contents and renal Fas mRNA and protein expression levels in both acupuncture group and combined treatment group, BUN in the moxibustion group, and renal MDA content and FasL mRNA and protein expression levels in the 3 treatment groups were obviously down-regulated (<0.05,<0.01), while renal NOS in the 3 treatment groups, and SOD and T-AOC levels in the combined treatment group were considerably up-regulated (<0.01,<0.05). The effects of the combined treatment were significantly superior to those of simple acupuncure and simple moxibustion in down-regulating serum BUN contents, and Fas and FasL mRNA and protein expression levels, and in up-regulating renal NOS, SOD and T-AOC activity (<0.05). No significant differences were found between the acupuncture and moxibustion groups in down-regulating serum BUN, Scr and renal MDA contents, and Fas and FasL mRNA and protein levels, as well as in up-regulating NOS content (>0.05). H.E. staining showed lobular changes of glomeruli, many local necrosis and vascular degeneration in the model group, and transmission electron microscope displayed thickened basement membrane of the glomerular blood loop, many vacuoles in the cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells, severely swollen mitochondria with disordered, broken or disappeared cristae, and some apoptotic cells in the model group, which were relatively milder in the combined treatment group.
CONCLUSION
Joint application of acupuncture and moxibustion can reduce the oxidative stress and renal injury in CIN diabetic rats, which may be associated with its function in down-regulating the expression of renal Fas and FasL genes and proteins. Acupuncture and moxibustion has a synergistic effect.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Fas Ligand Protein; Kidney; Male; Moxibustion; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31368275
DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.180345 -
BMJ Case Reports Nov 2022We present a case of a small bowel obstruction secondary to a rare plastic bezoar. A man in their early 20s with autism and an intellectual disability presented with...
We present a case of a small bowel obstruction secondary to a rare plastic bezoar. A man in their early 20s with autism and an intellectual disability presented with symptoms of small bowel obstruction. CT revealed very subtle signs and, despite passage of gastrografin, ongoing clinical suspicion led to operative management which confirmed the diagnoses of plastic bezoar.
Topics: Male; Humans; Bezoars; Plastics; Intestinal Obstruction; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Affect
PubMed: 36446472
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-251438 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Apr 2020Pharyngocutaneous fistulae are dreaded complications following total laryngectomy. This paper presents our experience using 3-5 ml gastrografin to detect pharyngeal... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
Pharyngocutaneous fistulae are dreaded complications following total laryngectomy. This paper presents our experience using 3-5 ml gastrografin to detect pharyngeal leaks following total laryngectomy, and compares post-operative videofluoroscopy with clinical follow-up findings in the detection of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.
METHODS
A retrospective case-control study was conducted of total laryngectomy patients. The control group (n = 85) was assessed clinically for development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae, while the study group (n = 52) underwent small-volume (3-5 ml) post-operative gastrografin videofluoroscopy.
RESULTS
In the control group, 24 of 85 patients (28 per cent) developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae, with 6 requiring surgical correction. In the study group, 24 of 52 patients (46 per cent) had videofluoroscopy-detected pharyngeal leaks; 4 patients (8 per cent) developed pharyngocutaneous fistulae, but all cases resolved following non-surgical management. Patients who underwent videofluoroscopy had a significantly lower risk of developing pharyngocutaneous fistulae; sensitivity and specificity in the detection of pharyngocutaneous fistulae were 58 per cent and 100 per cent respectively.
CONCLUSION
Small-volume gastrografin videofluoroscopy reliably identified small pharyngeal leaks. Routine use in total laryngectomy combined with withholding feeds in cases of early leaks may prevent the development of pharyngocutaneous fistulae.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Cutaneous Fistula; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Female; Fluoroscopy; Humans; Laryngectomy; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Pharyngeal Diseases; Pharynx; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 32172698
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215120000596 -
PloS One 2023Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is one of the most serious complications of ERCP. Various procedures can reduce the...
BACKGROUND
Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) is one of the most serious complications of ERCP. Various procedures can reduce the incidence of PEP, such as wire-guided cannulation, prophylactic pancreatic stent placement, and pretreatment anal insertion of NSAIDs. Recently, iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM) have been used for ERCP in several hospitals to reduce the risk of PEP in Japan. However, the effect of IOCM is uncertain because few reports have examined IOCM in relation to PEP.
AIM
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between contrast media used and the incidence of PEP.
METHODS
This retrospective study included all qualifying patients who had undergone ERCP at Hamamatsu University Hospital between January 2012 and January 2020. This study examined whether there was a difference in the onset of PEP between patients administered IOCM and high osmolar contrast medium (HOCM). Propensity score matching was used to analyze patient characteristics and ERCP procedures. Amidotrizoic acid was used as HOCM and iodixanol as IOCM.
RESULTS
ERCP was performed on 458 patients, and 830 procedures were conducted. After propensity score matching, 162 patients from the amidotrizoic acid group and 162 patients from the iodixanol group were selected. The incidence of PEP was 10.5% (17) in the amidotrizoic acid group and 9.3% (15) in the iodixanol group (P = 0.71). Changes in serum amylase levels post- and pre-ERCP were 240.6 ± 573.8 U/L and 142.7 ± 382.1 U/L in the amidotrizoic acid and iodixanol groups, respectively (P = 0.072).
CONCLUSION
Iodixanol had no prophylactic effect on PEP and clinical outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Contrast Media; Retrospective Studies; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36608042
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280279 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Jan 2024Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the most common causes for hospital admission in Ethiopia. The use of water-soluble contrast agents (WSCAs) such as Gastrografin...
INTRODUCTION
Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is one of the most common causes for hospital admission in Ethiopia. The use of water-soluble contrast agents (WSCAs) such as Gastrografin to manage adhesive SBO can predict nonoperative resolution of SBO and reduce decision time to surgery and length of hospital stay. However, nothing is known about practice patterns and Gastrografin use in low-income settings. We sought to characterize current management practices, including use of WSCAs, as well as outcomes for patients with SBO in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
METHODS
We conducted a mixed-methods study consisting of a survey of surgeons throughout Ethiopia and a retrospective record review at five public, tertiary care-level teaching hospitals in Addis Ababa.
RESULTS
Of the 76 surgeons who completed the survey, 63% had heard of the use of WSCAs for SBO and only 11% used oral agents for its management. Chart review of 149 patients admitted with SBO showed the most common etiology was adhesion (39.6% of admissions), followed by small bowel volvulus (20.8%). Most patients (83.2%) underwent surgery during their admission. The most common diagnosis in patients who did not require surgery was also adhesion (68.0%), as well as for those who had surgery (33.9%), followed by small bowel volvulus (24.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
The etiology of SBO in Ethiopia may be changing, with postoperative adhesions becoming more common than other historically more prevalent causes. Although a Gastrografin protocol as a diagnostic and potentially therapeutic aid for SBO is feasible in this population and setting, challenges can be anticipated, and future studies of protocol implementation and effectiveness are needed to further inform its utility in Ethiopia and other low-income and middle-income countries.
Topics: Humans; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Intestinal Volvulus; Retrospective Studies; Feasibility Studies; Ethiopia; Intestinal Obstruction; Contrast Media; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 37802018
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.017 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2022As persistent and ubiquitous contaminants in water, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) pose a non-negligible risk to the environment and human health. In this study,...
As persistent and ubiquitous contaminants in water, iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) pose a non-negligible risk to the environment and human health. In this study, we investigated the adsorption behavior of two typical ICM compounds, iohexol (IOH) and amidotrizoic acid (DTZ), on magnetic activated carbon. Theoretical investigations, using density functional theory, identified the molecule structures and calculated the molecular diameters of IOH (1.68 nm) and DTZ (1.16 nm), which revealed that ICM could be adsorbed by mesopores and larger micropores. Therefore, magnetic activated carbon with a porous structure was prepared by the co-precipitation method to investigate the adsorption mechanism of IOH and DTZ. MAC--5 (magnetic activated carbon with a theoretical iron oxide content of 37%) showed the best adsorption ability for both IOH and DTZ, with maximum adsorption capacities of 86.05 and 43.00 mg g, respectively. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm models were applied to explore the mechanisms involved, and the effects of solution pH, initial concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and natural organic matter were also investigated. The pore filling effect, π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction, were found to be the main adsorption mechanisms. The co-adsorption data showed that competition may occur in ICM coexisting environments. Interestingly, the used MAC--5 could be successfully regenerated and its adsorption efficiency did not decrease significantly after five cycles, indicating that it is a promising adsorbent for ICM. The results from this study provide some new insights for the treatment of water containing ICM.
Topics: Adsorption; Charcoal; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iohexol; Kinetics; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; X-Rays
PubMed: 35147873
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19127-9 -
Pediatrics International : Official... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Water; Intestinal Obstruction; Contrast Media
PubMed: 36560900
DOI: 10.1111/ped.15459 -
Modern Rheumatology Case Reports Jan 2023An 86-year-old man who underwent endovascular aortic repair for impending rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm a year ago presented to our hospital because of fatigue...
An 86-year-old man who underwent endovascular aortic repair for impending rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm a year ago presented to our hospital because of fatigue and black stools. Multiple bacterial specimens were detected in blood cultures, and computed tomography following oral administration of gastrografin demonstrated gastrografin in the abdominal aorta. The diagnosis of aortic duodenal fistula was confirmed and emergency abdominal aortic replacement was performed. The pathological findings of the aorta included a large number of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cells infiltrating all layers of the aortic wall, with particularly marked thickening of the adventitia. The serum IgG4 level was 241 mg/dl and IgG4-related periaortitis was diagnosed. Aortoduodenal fistula is a rare but fatal complication of IgG4-related periaortitis. Patients should be followed carefully after endovascular aortic repair for inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Topics: Male; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Aortitis; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Immunoglobulin G
PubMed: 35665812
DOI: 10.1093/mrcr/rxac051 -
Cureus May 2020Three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) using computed tomography (CT) is an essential component of definitive radiation therapy for uterine cervical...
Three-dimensional image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) using computed tomography (CT) is an essential component of definitive radiation therapy for uterine cervical cancer (UCC). Treatment planning for CT-based 3D-IGBT requires delineating the high-risk clinical target volume (CTV) and the organs at risk (OARs), which is difficult when the small intestine is adjacent to those delineation targets. Uncertainty in target delineation threatens the validity of 3D-IGBT treatment plans. To address this issue, we introduce the use of diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (gastrografin), an orally administrable iodine-based radiopaque contrast agent. We present two cases of UCC treated with CT-based 3D-IGBT and describe how intraluminal enhancement of the small intestine by oral gastrografin pretreatment facilitated discrimination between the small intestine and the adjacent CTV (case no.1) or the rectosigmoid colon (case no. 2). Oral gastrografin pretreatment is a simple and cost-effective method that allows distinguishing the small intestine from the adjacent delineation target (i.e., CTV and the OARs) in CT-based 3D-IGBT for UCC.
PubMed: 32617238
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8367 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Dec 2020Water-soluble contrast agent (WSCA) administration is commonly used to evaluate adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) either via a challenge or follow-through study....
BACKGROUND
Water-soluble contrast agent (WSCA) administration is commonly used to evaluate adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO) either via a challenge or follow-through study. This analysis aimed to determine optimal timing to first abdominal radiograph after WSCA administration.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A post hoc review of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma SBO database was used to compare data from two institutions using different methodologies, either the small bowel follow through method or the challenge method, from March 2015-January 2018. The primary outcome was timing of contrast into the colon. Outcomes were also analyzed. A multivariate regression analysis controlled for age, sex, body mass index, previous SBO admissions, and abdominal surgeries.
RESULTS
A total of 236 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria (A, 119; B, 117). There were minor demographic differences between cohorts and no significant differences between institutions regarding the confirmed presence of WSCA in the colon, rates of operative intervention, length of operation, hospital length of stay, or 30-d readmission rates.Institution A, where the challenge method was practiced, had 95 (80%) patients with contrast to colon overall; four of 95 (4%) patients had confirmed contrast to colon at or before 7 h, and 89 of 95 (94%) patients had confirmed contrast to colon between 7.1 and 10 h. Institution B, where the small bowel follow through method was practiced, had 94 (80%) patients with contrast to colon overall; 73 of 94 (78%) patients had confirmed contrast to colon at or before 7 h, and 15 of 94 (16%) patients had confirmed contrast to colon between 7.1 and 10 h.
CONCLUSIONS
Either method is effective for evaluation of SBO. Adding a radiograph at 4 h is feasible, could promote earlier disposition, be conducted as part of an emergency department protocol, and possibly allow for the selection of patients who are candidates for outpatient treatment.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Clinical Decision-Making; Contrast Media; Diatrizoate Meglumine; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Intestine, Small; Length of Stay; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Readmission; Patient Selection; Preoperative Care; Radiography; Time Factors; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 32711175
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.06.053