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Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Dec 2022Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are food components, including nonstarch polysaccharides and resistant starches. Many NDCs are classified as dietary fibers by the US... (Review)
Review
Nondigestible carbohydrates (NDCs) are food components, including nonstarch polysaccharides and resistant starches. Many NDCs are classified as dietary fibers by the US FDA. Because of their beneficial effects on human health and product development, NDCs are widely used in the food supply. Although there are dietary intake recommendations for total dietary fiber, there are no such recommendations for individual NDCs. NDCs are heterogeneous in their chemical composition and physicochemical properties-characteristics that contribute to their tolerable intake levels. Guidance on tolerable intake levels of different NDCs is needed because overconsumption can lead to undesirable gastrointestinal side effects, further widening the gap between actual and suggested fiber intake levels. In this review, we synthesize the literature on gastrointestinal effects of NDCs that the FDA accepts as dietary fibers (β-glucan, pectin, arabinoxylan, guar gum, alginate, psyllium husk, inulin, fructooligosaccharides and oligofructose, galactooligosaccharides, polydextrose, cellulose, soy fiber, resistant maltodextrin/dextrin) and present tolerable intake dose recommendations for their consumption. We summarized the findings from 103 clinical trials in adults without gastrointestinal disease who reported gastrointestinal effects, including tolerance (e.g., bloating, flatulence, borborygmi/rumbling) and function (e.g., transit time, stool frequency, stool consistency). These studies provided doses ranging from 0.75-160 g/d and lasted for durations ranging from a single-meal tolerance test to 28 wk. Tolerance was NDC specific; thus, recommendations ranged from 3.75 g/d for alginate to 25 g/d for soy fiber. Future studies should address gaps in the literature by testing a wider range of NDC doses and consumption forms (solid compared with liquid). Furthermore, future investigations should also adopt a standard protocol to examine tolerance and functional outcomes across studies consistently.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Gastrointestinal Tract; Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Feces; Alginates
PubMed: 36041173
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac094 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Dec 2022Dietary fiber (DF) is a carbohydrate from the edible part of plants and has the functions of promoting gastrointestinal motility, regulating gut microbiota (GM) and... (Review)
Review
Dietary fiber (DF) is a carbohydrate from the edible part of plants and has the functions of promoting gastrointestinal motility, regulating gut microbiota (GM) and improving health. Lead is a non-essential toxic heavy metal that can accumulate in the environment over time and enter the body through the respiratory tract, skin and gastrointestinal tract. Lead not only causes disturbances in GM but also leads to loss of homeostasis of immune functions, causes neuronal damage and results in neuroinflammation. The scientific literature has reported that DF had anti-inflammatory activity as a natural product. This review highlights the role of DF and its metabolic products in alleviating lead-induced neuroinflammation by inducing changes in the species and quantity of GM and regulating the immune system, providing a potential dietary protective strategy for lead-induced disease. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Neuroinflammatory Diseases; Lead; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 35704270
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12074 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2023Intake of dietary fiber has been proven to have several beneficial effects in maintaining host homeostasis and health. Here, we investigated the effects of different...
Intake of dietary fiber has been proven to have several beneficial effects in maintaining host homeostasis and health. Here, we investigated the effects of different fibers on gut microbiota and related metabolites in rats. Healthy rats were supplemented with guar gum, carrageenan, glucomannan, β-glucan, arabinoxylan, apple pectin, xylan, arabinogalactan, and xanthan gum, and these dietary fibers exhibited commonality and specificity on gut microbiota and related metabolites. The abundance of Phascolarctobacterium, Prevotella, Treponema, Butyricimonas, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus was selectively increased by different dietary fibers, whereas the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and Bacteroides fragilis were decreased by all of these fibers. Indole-3-lactic acid was significantly increased by β-glucan treatment, indicating the relationship between indole-3-lactic acid and Lactobacillus. Furthermore, Some species from Bacteroides were validated to produce indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, and kynurenine (such as B. fragilis, B. ovatus, B. thetaiotaomicron, and B. xylanisolvens). These results provide important information on dietary guidelines based on the modification of gut microecology.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Bacteroides; beta-Glucans
PubMed: 37321707
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120986 -
Annals of Medicine Dec 2023Dietary fibre and cognitive function are associated with the risk of mortality, respectively. Inadequate dietary fibre intake and cognitive impairment frequently...
BACKGROUND
Dietary fibre and cognitive function are associated with the risk of mortality, respectively. Inadequate dietary fibre intake and cognitive impairment frequently co-occur in older adults, but the combined effect of dietary fibre and cognitive function on mortality remains unknown. The study was to investigate the combined effect of dietary fibre and cognitive function on mortality over a 13-year follow-up in a representative of older adults from the U.S.
METHODS
We analyzed data from two cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 and 2001-2002 with mortality follow-up data through 13 December 2015 obtained from Public-use Linked Mortality Files. Low dietary fibre intake was defined as the lowest quartile of dietary fibre intake. Cognitive impairment was defined as below the median of Digit Symbol Substitution Test. The separate and combined effects of low dietary fibre intake and cognitive impairment on all-cause and cause-specific mortality were assessed in older adults using weighted Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS
A total of 2012 participants (weighted sample was 32,765,094) aged 60 years and older were enrolled in the study. After a median follow-up of 13.4 years, 1017 participants (50.4%) were identified as all-cause deaths, including 183 (9.1%) participants dying from cancer, 199 (9.9%) participants dying from cardiovascular disease, and 635 (31.5%) participants dying from non-cancer/non-cardiovascular disease. Participants with low dietary fibre intake and cognitive impairment had nearly twice the risk of all-cause (HR, 2.030; 95% CI, 1.406-2.931) and non-cancer/non-cardiovascular (HR, 2.057; 95% CI, 1.297-3.262) mortality, and over triple cancer (HR, 3.334; 95% CI, 1.685-6.599) mortality, compared to those without both.
CONCLUSIONS
The combination of low dietary fibre intake and cognitive impairment was associated with an increased risk of all-cause, cancer and non-cancer/non- cardiovascular mortality in older adults.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Cause of Death; Diet; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cognition; Neoplasms; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 37287268
DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2221036 -
Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 2020Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics.... (Review)
Review
Seaweeds and their bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides and phenolics can be regarded as great dietary supplements with gut health benefits and prebiotics. These components are resistant to digestion by enzymes present in the human gastrointestinal tract, also selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and the production of fermentation products such as short chain fatty acids. Commonly, the health benefits of seaweed components are assessed by including them in an in vitro anaerobic fermentation system containing human fecal inocula that mimics the environment of the human large bowel. Regarding to the complex interactions between dietary components, gastrointestinal physiological processes, and gut microbiota are difficult to model in vitro. Consequently it is important to follow up the promising in vitro results with in vivo animal or human testing. The aim of this chapter is to have a comprehensive review on the application of seaweeds and seaweed-derived metabolites as prebiotics, and understand the trends, gaps and future directions of both scientific and industrial developments. This work contributes to develop and expand new platform of seaweed utilization for higher-value products, particularly to functional food and nutraceutical industries in order to serve the social demand for health awareness and support economic development.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Prebiotics; Seaweed
PubMed: 32035602
DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2019.10.001 -
Pediatric Annals Aug 2021Constipation is a common problem encountered in the pediatric setting. For many children, constipation is functional in nature-potentially stemming from a pattern of... (Review)
Review
Constipation is a common problem encountered in the pediatric setting. For many children, constipation is functional in nature-potentially stemming from a pattern of stool output that is infrequent or not fully productive (ie, incomplete stool evacuation)-and includes behavioral concerns like stool withholding. In many cases of functional constipation (FC), the pattern may have started in the toddler years during or before toilet training and may now be well established. Additional factors often include inadequate fluids and fiber, or excess dietary dairy or carbohydrates. In a small percentage of cases, constipation is a symptom of an underlying organic disease process. Laboratory tests and imaging may be helpful in determining most organic concerns. In the absence of an organic process, FC can be treated by properly educating families about the nature of FC as well as careful attention to dietary fiber and fluid intake, use of stool softeners, laxatives, and behavioral modifications. .
Topics: Child; Constipation; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Laxatives; Pediatrics
PubMed: 34398719
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20210714-01 -
Food Chemistry Nov 2022Bifidobacteria are considered as probiotics due to their role in promoting intestinal health, including regulating intestinal flora, controlling glycolipid metabolism,...
Bifidobacteria are considered as probiotics due to their role in promoting intestinal health, including regulating intestinal flora, controlling glycolipid metabolism, anti-colitis effects. Dietary fiber is considered as prebiotic favoring gut health. It also can be used as carbon source to support the growth and colonization of probiotics like bifidobacteria. However, because of genetic diversity, different bifidobacterial species differ in their ability to utilize dietary fiber. Meanwhile, dietary fiber with different structural properties has different effects on the bifidobacteria proliferation. The interaction between dietary fiber and bifidobacteria will consequently lead to a synergistic or antagonistic function in promoting intestinal health, therefore affecting the application of combined use of dietary fiber and bifidobacteria. In this case, we summarize the biological function of bifidobacteria, and their interaction with different dietary fiber in promoting gut health, and finally provide several strategies about their combined use.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Prebiotics; Probiotics
PubMed: 35696956
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133407 -
International Journal of Food Sciences... Nov 2023Diet is a critical regulator for physiological metabolism and tissue homeostasis, with a close relation to health and disease. As an important organ for digestion and... (Review)
Review
Diet is a critical regulator for physiological metabolism and tissue homeostasis, with a close relation to health and disease. As an important organ for digestion and absorption, the intestine comes into direct contact with many dietary components. The rapid renewal of its mucosal epithelium depends on the continuous proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The function and metabolism of ISCs can be controlled by a variety of dietary patterns including calorie restriction, fasting, high-fat, ketogenic, and high-sugar diets, as well as different nutrients including vitamins, amino acids, dietary fibre, and probiotics. Therefore, dietary interventions targeting ISCs may make it possible to prevent and treat intestinal disorders such as colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and radiation enteritis. This review summarised recent research on the role and mechanism of diet in regulating ISCs, and discussed the potential of dietary modulation for intestinal diseases.
Topics: Humans; Intestines; Diet; Stem Cells; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Intestinal Mucosa
PubMed: 37758199
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2262780 -
Cell Reports Sep 2022Dietary fibers are potent modulators of immune responses that can restrain inflammation in multiple disease contexts. However, dietary fibers encompass a biochemically...
Dietary fibers are potent modulators of immune responses that can restrain inflammation in multiple disease contexts. However, dietary fibers encompass a biochemically diverse family of carbohydrates, and it remains unknown how individual fiber sources influence immunity. In a direct comparison of four different high-fiber diets, we demonstrate a potent ability of guar gum to delay disease and neuroinflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a T cell-mediated mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Guar gum-specific alterations to the microbiota are limited, and disease protection appears to be independent of fiber-induced increases in short-chain fatty acid levels or regulatory CD4 T cells. Instead, CD4 T cells of guar gum-supplemented mice are less encephalitogenic due to reduced activation, proliferation, Th1 differentiation, and altered migratory potential. These findings reveal specificity in the host response to fiber sources and define a pathway of fiber-induced immunomodulation that protects against pathologic neuroinflammation.
Topics: Animals; Cyamopsis; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Galactans; Mannans; Mice; Plant Gums
PubMed: 36103823
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111328 -
Toxins Mar 2022Nutrition is one of the fundamental approaches to promoting and preventing all kinds of diseases, especially kidney diseases. Dietary fiber forms a significant aspect of... (Review)
Review
Nutrition is one of the fundamental approaches to promoting and preventing all kinds of diseases, especially kidney diseases. Dietary fiber forms a significant aspect of renal nutrition in treating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary fiber intake influences the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome with proven roles in reducing uremic toxin production, preserving kidney function, and retarding the progression of CKD through mechanisms of regulating metabolic, immunological, and inflammatory processes. Understanding dietary fiber's pathogenesis and mechanistic action in modulating host and microbiome interactions provides a potential adjunct therapeutic target for preventing, controlling, and treating CKD patients. In this regard, a recommendation of adequate and appropriate dietary fiber intake to restore beneficial gut microbiota composition would reduce the risks and complications associated with CKD. This mini review summarizes current evidence of the role of dietary fiber intake in modulating the gut microbiome to improve kidney health.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Disease Progression; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Kidney; Male; Microbiota; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
PubMed: 35324680
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030183