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Nutrients Feb 2023Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials.... (Review)
Review
Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials. However, the pendulum has swung because of our increased understanding of the importance of fibers in maintaining a health-associated microbiome. Preliminary evidence suggests that dietary fiber can alter the gut microbiome, improve IBD symptoms, balance inflammation, and enhance health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is now more vital than ever to examine how fiber could be used as a therapeutic strategy to manage and prevent disease relapse. At present, there is limited knowledge about which fibers are optimal and in what form and quantity they should be consumed to benefit patients with IBD. Additionally, individual microbiomes play a strong role in determining the outcomes and necessitate a more personalized nutritional approach to implementing dietary changes, as dietary fiber may not be as benign as once thought in a dysbiotic microbiome. This review describes dietary fibers and their mechanism of action within the microbiome, details novel fiber sources, including resistant starches and polyphenols, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, including the move toward precision nutrition.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36904081
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051080 -
Voprosy Pitaniia 2020Carrot juice is one of the main products of carrot processing and the second most popular vegetable juice after tomato. Due to the presence of a complex of various...
UNLABELLED
Carrot juice is one of the main products of carrot processing and the second most popular vegetable juice after tomato. Due to the presence of a complex of various nutritive and biologically active substances (BAS) carrot juice can make a significant contribution to maintaining human healthy diet. The aim of the study was to establish the nutrient profile of carrot juice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A study of parameters of carrot juice of industrial production, characterizing its nutritional and biological value was carried out. The results of these experiments were compared with the data of BAS profiles of carrot juice from reference books and scientific publications.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The established nutrient profile includes data about content of more than 30 nutritients and BAS. The sucrose is the predominant carbohydrate in carrot juice; glucose and fructose concentrations are substantially lower. Among organic acids predominates L-malic acid whereas content of citric acid is usually 5-10 fold lower than that of L-malic acid. The total acidity of carrot juice is low, on average 0.25 mg of organic acids is present in 100 cm of juice. Carrot juice is a relatively rich source of a number of vitamins and minerals. A serving (200-250 cm) of industrial carrot juice on average contains around 18% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for potassium, 9% for magnesium, 8% for iron, 12% for copper and 14% for manganese. Vitamins are represented to a large extent by β-carotene and other carotenoids (more than 400% of the RDI in a serving), as well as niacin, biotin and pantothenic acid - about 7% of the RDI in a serving for each of these vitamins. The content of vitamins E and K in serving averages 17 and 10% of the RDI respectively. Not clarified carrot juice contains about 1.1 g of dietary fiber in 100 cm, including pectins - about 0.2 g/100 cm.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this investigation the carrot juice might be considered as a substantial source of minor BAS mostly carotenoids, vitamins E and K, group B vitamins: niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, mineral substances: potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, as well as dietary fiber.
Topics: Carotenoids; Daucus carota; Dietary Fiber; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Humans; Minerals
PubMed: 32083829
DOI: 10.24411/0042-8833-2020-10010 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Jul 2024This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review highlights recent developments in understanding the role of dietary fibre and specific fibre types on risk and management of cardiometabolic disease with a focus on the causal pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases, namely weight management, glycaemic control, and lipid levels, as well as the latest findings for cardiovascular disease outcomes such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality. Evidence for mechanisms through gut microbiota are also briefly reviewed.
RECENT FINDINGS
Dietary fibre intake is associated with improved weight management, the extent of which may depend on the subtype of dietary fibre. Overall dietary fibre intake reduces blood glucose and HbA1c, however soluble fibres may be particularly effective in reducing HbA1c, fasting blood glucose and blood lipids. Individual meta-analyses and umbrella reviews of observational studies on dietary fibre, as well as major fibre types, observed inverse associations with incident coronary heart disease, stroke, and mortality due to cardiovascular disease. As different types of fibres exerted different health benefits, fibre diversity (i.e. combinations of fibres) should be further investigated.
SUMMARY
Dietary fibres improve both short-term and long-term cardiometabolic disease risk factors and outcomes, and thus should be on every menu.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Cardiovascular Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Blood Glucose; Lipids
PubMed: 38836788
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000001047 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Finger millet (FM) is one of the little millets grown in Asia and Africa. Although still classified as an "orphan crop", there is an increasing interest in the research... (Review)
Review
Finger millet (FM) is one of the little millets grown in Asia and Africa. Although still classified as an "orphan crop", there is an increasing interest in the research of FM seed coat (FMSC), also known as bran. It houses 90% of the seed's polyphenols and dietary fibre. The calcium and phosphorus content of FMSC is about 6- to 25-fold that of other cereals. FMSC is specifically beneficial for its polyphenols, arabinoxylans, phytates, and flavonoids content. Evidence of the hypoglycaemic, nephroprotective, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-cataractogenic effects of FMSC has been substantiated, thereby supporting the health claims and validating its nutraceutical potential for diabetics. This article discusses FMSC extraction and nutritional properties, focusing on arabinoxylan and polyphenols, their potential health benefits, and their application in food formulations. Although there is a dearth of information on using FMSC in food formulation, this review will be a data repository for further studies on FMSC.
Topics: Eleusine; Edible Grain; Seeds; Nutrients; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 36431938
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227837 -
British Journal of Cancer Dec 2022With an ageing population, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to current standard-of-care chemoradiation schedules in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. The... (Review)
Review
With an ageing population, there is an urgent need to find alternatives to current standard-of-care chemoradiation schedules in the treatment of pelvic malignancies. The gut microbiota may be exploitable, having shown a valuable role in improving patient outcomes in anticancer immunotherapy. These bacteria feed on dietary fibres, which reach the large intestine intact, resulting in the production of beneficial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids. The gut microbiota can impact radiotherapy (RT) treatment responses and itself be altered by the radiation. Evidence is emerging that manipulation of the gut microbiota by dietary fibre supplementation can improve tumour responses and reduce normal tissue side effects following RT, although data on tumour response are limited to date. Both may be mediated by immune and non-immune effects of gut microbiota and their metabolites. Alternative approaches include use of probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Current evidence will be reviewed regarding the use of dietary fibre interventions and gut microbiota modification in improving outcomes for pelvic RT patients. However, data regarding baseline (pre-RT) gut microbiota of RT patients and timing of dietary fibre manipulation (before or during RT) is limited, heterogenous and inconclusive, thus more robust clinical studies are required before these strategies can be applied clinically.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36175620
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01980-7 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Sep 2021Dietary fiber is a group of heterogeneous substances that are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine. Some fibers can be classified as prebiotics if they... (Review)
Review
Dietary fiber is a group of heterogeneous substances that are neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine. Some fibers can be classified as prebiotics if they are metabolized by beneficial bacteria present in the hindgut microbiota. The aim of this review was to specify the prebiotic properties of different subgroups of dietary fibers (resistant oligosaccharides, non-starch polysaccharides, resistant starches, and associated substances) to classify them by prebiotic categories. Currently, only resistant oligosaccharides (fructans [fructooligosaccharides, oligofructose, and inulin] and galactans) are well documented as prebiotics in the literature. Other fibers are considered candidates to prebiotics or have prebiotic potential, and apparently some have no prebiotic effect on humans. This dietary fiber classification by the prebiotic categories contributes to a better understanding of these concepts in the literature, to the stimulation of the processing and consumption of foods rich in fiber and other products with prebiotic properties, and to the development of protocols and guidelines on food sources of prebiotics.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Fructans; Humans; Inulin; Microbiota; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics
PubMed: 33838493
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111217 -
International Journal of Biological... Jan 2024Hazelnut is one of the most popular nuts in the world, rich in nutrients and various active substances. In this study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted from...
Hazelnut is one of the most popular nuts in the world, rich in nutrients and various active substances. In this study, soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was extracted from hazelnut kernels, and its physicochemical properties and absorbability were explored. Hazelnut-SDF exhibited ideal water-holding, oil-holding and swelling capacity, and glucose, cholesterol and cholate absorbing ability. Scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that hazelnut-SDF had typical polysaccharide structure of functional groups. The main monosaccharides were identified as arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, ribose, glucuronic acid, mannose and glucose by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In high-fat diet rats, hazelnut-SDF could improve serum lipid parameters, inhibit lipid accumulation in liver and adipocytes, and regulate the expression level of liver lipid synthesis-related genes. It also could adjust intestinal short chain fatty acids, promote the composition and structure of intestinal microbiota, and significantly balance the abundance of Alloprevotella, Fusicatenibacter, Lactobacillus, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014 and Clostridiales. The results concluded that oral administration of hazelnut-SDF could alleviate hyperlipidemia and obesity, and might serve as a potential functional food ingredient.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Corylus; Dietary Fiber; Cholesterol; Glucose
PubMed: 38043651
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128538 -
Biologie Aujourd'hui 2022Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a regulatory function of energy homeostasis. IGN-produced glucose is sensed by the gastrointestinal nervous system and sends a signal...
Intestinal gluconeogenesis (IGN) is a regulatory function of energy homeostasis. IGN-produced glucose is sensed by the gastrointestinal nervous system and sends a signal to regions of the brain regulating food intake and glucose control. IGN is activated by dietary protein and dietary fibre, and by gastric bypass surgery of obesity. Glutamine, propionate and succinate are the main substrates used for glucose production by IGN. Activation of IGN accounts for the well-known satiety effect of protein-enriched diets and the anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects associated with fibre feeding and gastric bypass surgery. Genetic activation of IGN in mice shows the same beneficial effects, independently of any nutritional manipulation, including a marked prevention of hepatic steatosis under hypercaloric feeding. The activation of IGN could thus be the basis for new approaches to prevent or correct metabolic diseases in humans.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fiber; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Intestinal Mucosa; Mice; Obesity
PubMed: 35876519
DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2022003 -
International Journal of Food Sciences... Nov 2020The association between dietary consumption of fibre and health-related gut bacteria is essential but not unique. (Poly)phenols are among the most important bioactive...
The association between dietary consumption of fibre and health-related gut bacteria is essential but not unique. (Poly)phenols are among the most important bioactive components contained in fibre-rich foods. For this reason, the role of (poly)phenols when considering dietary fibres and health outcomes should be taken into account, as synergic or mediating factors contributing to human health.
Topics: Diet; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Polyphenols
PubMed: 32993403
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1826913 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Nov 2020Seeds of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) become popular foods due to their attractive... (Review)
Review
Seeds of amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and F. tataricum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) become popular foods due to their attractive health effects. Cell wall polysaccharides are the major components of dietary fiber and significantly contribute to diverse health effects of the grains. This review summarizes chemical and physical structure, biological functions and food uses of the cell wall polysaccharides and fractions as fiber components from the 3 pseudocereals. The properties and uses of the polysaccharides and fractions are compared with those of fiber polysaccharides from common sources such as fruits and vegetables. Overall, the fiber polysaccharide composition of the pseudocereals is more similar to that of fruits and vegetables than to that of cereals. The fiber polysaccharides showed a range of biological functions such as antioxidation, anticancer and immunomodulation. The fiber polysaccharides of amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa have potential to be used in formulations of functional foods.
Topics: Amaranthus; Cell Wall; Chenopodium quinoa; Dietary Fiber; Fagopyrum; Functional Food; Humans; Molecular Structure; Polysaccharides; Seeds
PubMed: 32919544
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116819