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Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and... Dec 2021Skeletal muscle mass begins to decline from 40 years of age. Limited data suggest that dietary fibre may modify lean body mass (BM), of which skeletal muscle is the...
BACKGROUND
Skeletal muscle mass begins to decline from 40 years of age. Limited data suggest that dietary fibre may modify lean body mass (BM), of which skeletal muscle is the largest and most malleable component. We investigated the relationship between dietary fibre intake, skeletal muscle mass and associated metabolic and functional parameters in adults aged 40 years and older.
METHODS
We analysed cross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 from adults aged 40 years and older. Covariate-adjusted multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between dietary fibre intake and BM components (BM, body mass index [BMI], total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, bone mineral content, total fat, trunk fat; n = 6454), glucose homeostasis (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA2-IR; n = 5032) and skeletal muscle strength (combined grip strength; n = 5326). BM components and skeletal muscle strength were expressed relative to BM (per kg of BM).
RESULTS
Higher intakes of dietary fibre were significantly associated with increased relative total lean mass (β: 0.69 g/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.48-0.89 g/kg BM; P < 0.001), relative appendicular lean mass (β: 0.34 g/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.23-0.45 g/kg BM; P < 0.001), relative bone mineral content (β: 0.05 g/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.02-0.07 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and relative combined grip strength (β: 0.002 kg/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.001-0.003 kg/kg BM; P < 0.001). Conversely, higher dietary fibre intakes were significantly associated with a lower BM (β: -0.20; 95% CI, -0.28 to -0.11 kg; P < 0.001), BMI (β: -0.08 kg/m ; 95%CI, -0.10 to -0.05 kg/m ), relative total fat (β: -0.68 g/kg BM; 95% CI, -0.89 to -0.47 g/kg BM; P < 0.001), relative trunk fat (β: -0.48 g/kg BM; 95%CI, -0.63 to -0.33 g/kg; P < 0.001), fasting glucose (β: -0.01 mmol/L; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.00 mmol/L; P = 0.017), fasting insulin (β: -0.71 pmol/L; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.41 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and HOMA2-IR (β: -0.02 AU; 95% CI, -0.02 to -0.01 AU; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Higher dietary fibre intakes are associated with a lower BM and enhanced body composition, characterized by a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. Higher dietary fibre intakes were also associated with improvements in glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle strength. Increasing dietary fibre intake may be a viable strategy to prevent age-associated declines in skeletal muscle mass.
Topics: Body Composition; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Fiber; Muscle, Skeletal; Nutrition Surveys
PubMed: 34585852
DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12820 -
Journal of AOAC International Dec 2022A simple, accurate, and reliable method for the measurement of total dietary fiber (TDF) according to the Codex definition (2009) was developed and successfully...
Determination of Insoluble, Soluble, and Total Dietary Fiber in Foods Using a Rapid Integrated Procedure of Enzymatic-Gravimetric-Liquid Chromatography: First Action 2022.01.
BACKGROUND
A simple, accurate, and reliable method for the measurement of total dietary fiber (TDF) according to the Codex definition (2009) was developed and successfully validated as AOAC Official Method of Analysis (OMA) 2017.16. Subsequently, OMA 2017.16 was modified to allow separate measurement of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) fractions.
OBJECTIVE
To perform a collaborative study to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of OMA 2017.16 modification for the measurement of total dietary fiber (TDF) as IDF and SDF measured as (1) water SDF that precipitates in 78% aqueous ethanol (SDFP), and (2) water SDF that remains soluble in 78% aqueous ethanol (SDFS) of degree of polymerization ≥3.
METHODS
Duplicate test portions are incubated with pancreatic α-amylase (PAA), amyloglucosidase (AMG), and protease under the conditions employed in OMA 2017.16. For the measurement of IDF, the digestate is filtered and the IDF determined gravimetrically. SDFP in the IDF filtrate is precipitated with alcohol and captured by filtration and determined. SDFS in the SDFP filtrate is recovered and quantitated by LC. The matrixes included cereal products and flours, vegetables, health food snacks, soup, chocolate, and beans. Additional materials were analyzed by collaborators as "practice samples".
RESULTS
With the diethylene glycol internal standard, all multi-laboratotu (MLV) matrixes resulted in repeatability relative standard deviations (RSDr) for TDF analyses of <3.60% and RSDR ranging from 4.55 to 9.26%. For the practice samples, the RSDR for TDF ranged from 6.69 to 11.68%.
CONCLUSION
OMA 2022.01 meets the AOAC requirements for repeatability and reproducibility and the data support First Action status.
HIGHLIGHTS
OMA 2022.01 is a robust and reproducible method for the analysis of insoluble, soluble (SDFP and SDFS), and TDF in a wide range of matrixes.
Topics: Reproducibility of Results; Food Analysis; Dietary Fiber; Chromatography, Liquid; Water
PubMed: 35972331
DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac098 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Oct 2022The food-gut microbiota interaction is an important regulator of human health. Numerous in vitro and animal models have thus been developed in order to simulate the... (Review)
Review
The food-gut microbiota interaction is an important regulator of human health. Numerous in vitro and animal models have thus been developed in order to simulate the specific food-gut microbiota and/or host-gut microbiota interactions in the human colon. This review summarizes the design principles of each model and discusses their advantages and weaknesses in terms of studying food-gut microbiota interactions. In vitro fermentation models appear to be reliable methods to investigate various aspects involved in the food-gut microbiota interactions in humans. However, many physiological perspectives lack appreciation of these models, such as peristaltic movement, biochemical conditions, and gastrointestinal anatomy. Animal models provide more physiological relevance to human trials compared to in vitro models. However, they may have gastrointestinal tract aspects that are distinct from human subjects. This review contains important information that can help the development of more advanced models to study food-gut microbiota interactions in humans.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Fiber; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Models, Animal; Prebiotics
PubMed: 36166347
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04238 -
Nutrients Aug 2019As a source of bioactive compounds, species of the genus are interesting legumes from a nutritional point of view. Although wild species are abundant and represent a... (Review)
Review
As a source of bioactive compounds, species of the genus are interesting legumes from a nutritional point of view. Although wild species are abundant and represent a potential source of nutrients and biologically active compounds, most research has focused on domesticated and semi-domesticated species, such as , , , and . Therefore, in this review, we focus on recent research conducted on the wild species of Mexico. The nutritional content of these species is characterized (similar to those of the domesticated species), including proteins (isolates), lipids, minerals, dietary fiber, and bioactive compounds, such as oligosaccharides, flavonoids, and alkaloids.
Topics: Biological Availability; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Lupinus; Mexico; Minerals; Nutritive Value; Phytochemicals; Plant Proteins, Dietary; Prebiotics; Seeds
PubMed: 31382375
DOI: 10.3390/nu11081785 -
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology... May 2024Chronic constipation is a common disease that can impair the quality of life, with a prevalence of 14% globally and 16.5% in South Korea. Straining, hard stools, the... (Review)
Review
Chronic constipation is a common disease that can impair the quality of life, with a prevalence of 14% globally and 16.5% in South Korea. Straining, hard stools, the sensation of incomplete evacuation, the sensation of anorectal blockage, and manual maneuvers to facilitate defecation are the related symptoms of chronic constipation. On the other hand, medications commonly referred to as laxatives are the essentials of treatment for constipation compared to non-pharmacological treatment, such as lifestyle modifications, biofeedback, or surgery. Unfortunately, there is still an unmet need to determine if pharmacological treatment for constipation is being administered appropriately. Therefore, there are many disadvantages as to whether the indications and side effects of laxatives are adequately considered and prescribed as the primary treatment modality for constipation in a real clinical situation in Korea. Laxatives are generally recommended as the next step for patients in whom organic causes have been excluded and have not responded to initial non-pharmacologic therapies such as dietary fiber intake and exercise. Laxatives can be classified as bulk-forming laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stimulant laxatives, and other novel laxatives. On the other hand, there are distinct mechanisms underlying constipation, and appropriate administration is the most decisive. Therefore, the present investigators prepared this review to discuss appropriate pharmacological strategies for chronic constipation in Korea. Moreover, this paper also includes suggestions for appropriate pharmacological treatment options for special patient populations.
Topics: Constipation; Humans; Laxatives; Chronic Disease; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 38783619
DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2024.045 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2024Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods... (Review)
Review
Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) is a nutritional component constituting the building block of plant cell walls. Our understanding of the role of IDF in plant-based foods has advanced dramatically in recent years. In this Review, we summarize research progress on the subtypes, structure, analysis, and extraction methods of IDF. The impact of different food processing methods on the properties of IDF is discussed. The role of gut microbiota in the health benefits of IDF is introduced. This review provides a better understanding of the chemical features and biological functions of IDF, which may promote the future application of IDF in functional food products. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying the health benefits of IDF enables the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of human diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Water; Functional Food; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 36004568
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2110565 -
MSphere May 2020The chemical structures of soluble fiber carbohydrates vary from source to source due to numerous possible linkage configurations among monomers. However, it has not...
The chemical structures of soluble fiber carbohydrates vary from source to source due to numerous possible linkage configurations among monomers. However, it has not been elucidated whether subtle structural variations might impact soluble fiber fermentation by colonic microbiota. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that subtle structural variations in a soluble polysaccharide govern the community structure and metabolic output of fermenting microbiota. We performed fecal fermentation studies using arabinoxylans (AXs) from different classes of wheat (hard red spring [AX], hard red winter [AX], and spring red winter [AX]) with identical initial microbiota. Carbohydrate analyses revealed that AX was characterized by a significantly shorter backbone and increased branching compared with those of the hard varieties. Amplicon sequencing demonstrated that fermentation of AX resulted in a distinct community structure of significantly higher richness and evenness than those of hard-AX-fermenting cultures. AX favored OTUs within , whereas AX and AX favored Accordingly, metabolic output varied between hard and soft varieties; higher propionate production was observed with AX and higher butyrate and acetate with AX and AX This study showed that subtle changes in the structure of a dietary fiber may strongly influence the composition and function of colonic microbiota, further suggesting that physiological functions of dietary fibers are highly structure dependent. Thus, studies focusing on interactions among dietary fiber, gut microbiota, and health outcomes should better characterize the structures of the carbohydrates employed. Diet, especially with respect to consumption of dietary fibers, is well recognized as one of the most important factors shaping the colonic microbiota composition. Accordingly, many studies have been conducted to explore dietary fiber types that could predictably manipulate the colonic microbiota for improved health. However, the majority of these studies underappreciate the vastness of fiber structures in terms of their microbial utilization and omit detailed carbohydrate structural analysis. In some cases, this causes conflicting results to arise between studies using (theoretically) the same fibers. In this investigation, by performing fecal fermentation studies using bran arabinoxylans obtained from different classes of wheat, we showed that even subtle changes in the structure of a dietary fiber result in divergent microbial communities and metabolic outputs. This underscores the need for much higher structural resolution in studies investigating interactions of dietary fibers with gut microbiota, both and .
Topics: Bacteria; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carbohydrates; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Xylans
PubMed: 32376698
DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00180-20 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Aug 2019Bile acids are cholesterol-derived steroid molecules that serve various metabolic functions, particularly in the digestion of lipids. Gut microbes produce unconjugated... (Review)
Review
Bile acids are cholesterol-derived steroid molecules that serve various metabolic functions, particularly in the digestion of lipids. Gut microbes produce unconjugated and secondary bile acids through deconjugation and dehydroxylation reactions, respectively. Alterations in the gut microbiota have profound effects on bile acid metabolism, which can result in the development of gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases. Emerging research shows that diets rich in dietary fiber have substantial effects on the microbiota and human health. Plant-based foods are primary sources of bioactive compounds and dietary fiber, which are metabolized by microbes to produce different metabolites. However, the bioaccessibility of these compounds are not well-defined. In this review, we discuss the interaction of bile acids with dietary fiber, the gut microbiota, and their role in the bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds. To understand the possible mechanism by which bile acids bind fiber, molecular docking was performed between different dietary fiber and bile salts.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Bile Acids and Salts; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans
PubMed: 30969768
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b07306 -
Journal of Food Science Aug 2023Citrus fruits were widely used in processing and production, generating a large amount of peel pomace and a low utilization rate, resulting in substantial economic...
Citrus fruits were widely used in processing and production, generating a large amount of peel pomace and a low utilization rate, resulting in substantial economic losses and environmental risks. It was important to extract compounds from citrus peel pomaces and find suitable preparation methods to improve their yield and physicochemical properties. Grapefruit peel pomace (GP) and navel orange peel pomace (OP) were used as raw materials in this study to prepare green and edible soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). Analysis was done on the effects of solid-liquid ratio, cellulase hydrolysis time, cellulase dosage, and ultrasonic time on dietary fiber (DF) yield. To obtain the best DF preparation conditions, we used range analysis, variance analysis, and orthogonal experimental design. We also analyzed the structural, physicochemical, and rheological characteristics of SDF and IDF. According to the study's findings, SDF and IDF showed a loose and expansive structure with reduced particle size, higher specific surface area, and noticeably better physical and chemical properties after treating GP and OP with ultrasound-assisted composite enzyme method. Both SDF solution and IDF suspension were discovered through rheological analysis to be non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids, which was advantageous for expanding their applications in the field of food packaging. In conclusion, DF prepared using the ultrasound-assisted composite enzyme method was an excellent source of edible packaging materials, offering a benchmark for the recycling of other citrus peel wastes and ultimately paving the way for new methods of recycling citrus waste.
Topics: Citrus; Citrus sinensis; Particle Size; Dietary Fiber; Cellulases
PubMed: 37458301
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16702 -
International Journal of Biological... Jan 2023The structural changes of macromolecules (starch, dietary fiber and protein) in purple corn flour (PCF) modified by a low temperature impact mill (LTIM) at different air...
The structural changes of macromolecules (starch, dietary fiber and protein) in purple corn flour (PCF) modified by a low temperature impact mill (LTIM) at different air classifier speed (ACS) were investigated. LTIM changed the multi-scale structure of starch, which was characterized by increased starch damage, stronger destruction of relative crystallinity (from 37.85 % to 15.53 %) and short-range ordered structure (R, from 1.21 to 0.73) with the increased ACS. The structure of dietary fiber was also destroyed on multi-level, including decreased particle size, destructive morphology, and slightly changed crystalline structure. Additionally, LTIM showed high damage on the senior structure (surface hydrophobicity, disulfide bond, secondary structure) of protein. Due to the structure changes modified by LTIM, starch, dietary fiber and protein played different role on hydration property of PCF. Starch had positive effect, while dietary fiber and protein had negative effect. Our experimental results may provide valuable information for further analysis of other quality changes (oil holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, ability to produce high-quality dough or end-out products, etc.) of purple corn flour after LTIM treatment.
Topics: Starch; Temperature; Flour; Cold Temperature; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 36464195
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.269