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Nutrients Oct 2022As centenarians provide a paradigm of healthy aging, investigating the comprehensive metabolic profiles of healthy centenarians is of utmost importance for the pursuit...
The Age-Accompanied and Diet-Associated Remodeling of the Phospholipid, Amino Acid, and SCFA Metabolism of Healthy Centenarians from a Chinese Longevous Region: A Window into Exceptional Longevity.
As centenarians provide a paradigm of healthy aging, investigating the comprehensive metabolic profiles of healthy centenarians is of utmost importance for the pursuit of health and longevity. However, relevant reports, especially studies considering the dietary influence on metabolism, are still limited, mostly lacking the guidance of a model of healthy aging. Therefore, exploring the signatures of the integrative metabolic profiles of the healthy centenarians from a famous longevous region, Bama County, China, should be an effective way. The global metabolome in urine and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of 30 healthy centenarians and 31 elderly people aged 60−70 from the longevous region were analyzed by non-targeted metabolomics combined with metabolic target analysis. The results showed that the characteristic metabolites related to longevity were mostly summarized into phosphatidylserine, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, bile acids, and amino acids (p < 0.05). Six metabolic pathways were found significant relevant to longevity. Furthermore, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, and total SCFA were significantly increased in the centenarian group (p < 0.05) and were also positively associated with the dietary fiber intake (p < 0.01). It was age-accompanied and diet-associated remodeling of phospholipid, amino acid, and SCFA metabolism that expressed the unique metabolic signatures related to exceptional longevity. This metabolic remodeling is suggestive of cognitive benefits, better antioxidant capacity, the attenuation of local inflammation, and health-span-promoting processes, which play a critical and positive role in shaping healthy aging.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aged; Humans; Longevity; Propionates; Amino Acids; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Centenarians; Phosphatidylserines; Antioxidants; Diet; China; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Butyric Acid; Dietary Fiber; Acetates; Phosphatidylinositols; Bile Acids and Salts; Phosphatidylcholines
PubMed: 36297104
DOI: 10.3390/nu14204420 -
Journal of Dairy Science Feb 2021Dietary lecithin is a source of choline. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin feeding on circulating choline, choline metabolites,...
Short communication: Effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin supplementation on circulating choline and choline metabolites, and the plasma phospholipid profile in Holstein cows fed palm fat.
Dietary lecithin is a source of choline. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary deoiled soy lecithin feeding on circulating choline, choline metabolites, and the plasma phospholipid profile in lactating dairy cows fed fractionated palm fatty acids. In a split-plot Latin square design, 16 Holstein cows (160 ± 7 d in milk; 3.6 ± 1.2 parity) were randomly allocated to a main plot receiving a corn silage and alfalfa haylage-based diet with palm fat containing either moderate or high palmitic acid content at 1.75% of ration dry matter (moderate and high palmitic acid containing 72 or 99% palmitic acid in fat supplement, respectively; n = 8/palm fat diet). Within each palm fat group, deoiled soy lecithin was top-dressed at 0, 0.12, 0.24, or 0.36% of ration dry matter in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design with 14-d experimental periods. A 14-d covariate period was used to acclimate cows to palm fat feeding without lecithin supplementation. Blood sampling occurred during the final 3 d of each experimental period. Plasma choline and choline metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Plasma phospholipids were profiled using time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Whereas no effects of treatments were detected for plasma choline or methionine, lecithin feeding increased the plasma concentrations of choline metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide and dimethylglycine (24 and 11%, respectively). Plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations increased with deoiled lecithin feeding (e.g., PC 16:0/22:6 and SM d18:1/18:3). Lecithin supplementation also increased plasma lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations (e.g., LPC 18:0) while reducing plasma phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) concentrations (e.g., PE 16:0/20:5). Although increases in microbial-derived trimethylamine N-oxide suggest gastrointestinal lecithin degradation, elevations in plasma dimethylglycine, PC, LPC, and SM suggest that choline availability was improved by lecithin feeding in cows, thus supporting enhanced endogenous phospholipid synthesis.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Lactation; Lecithins; Medicago sativa; Palmitic Acid; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Silage; Glycine max; Zea mays
PubMed: 33246625
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18798 -
Neuromolecular Medicine Mar 2021The abundance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phospholipids in the brain and retina has generated interest to search for its role in mediating neurological functions.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The abundance of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in phospholipids in the brain and retina has generated interest to search for its role in mediating neurological functions. Besides the source of many oxylipins with pro-resolving properties, DHA also undergoes peroxidation, producing 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE), although its function remains elusive. Despite wide dietary consumption, whether supplementation of DHA may alter the peroxidation products and their relationship to phospholipid species in brain and other body organs have not been explored sufficiently. In this study, adult mice were administered a control or DHA-enriched diet for 3 weeks, and phospholipid species and peroxidation products were examined in brain, heart, and plasma. Results demonstrated that this dietary regimen increased (n-3) and decreased (n-6) species to different extent in all major phospholipid classes (PC, dPE, PE-pl, PI and PS) examined. Besides changes in phospholipid species, DHA-enriched diet also showed substantial increases in 4-HHE in brain, heart, and plasma. Among different brain regions, the hippocampus responded to the DHA-enriched diet showing significant increase in 4-HHE. Considering the pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways mediated by the (n-6) and (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, unveiling the ability for DHA-enriched diet to alter phospholipid species and lipid peroxidation products in the brain and in different body organs may be an important step forward towards understanding the mechanism(s) for this (n-3) fatty acid on health and diseases.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Heart; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids; Plasma; Random Allocation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 32926329
DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08616-0 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021While the beneficial roles of dietary phospholipids on health status and overall performances of fish larvae have been well demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms...
While the beneficial roles of dietary phospholipids on health status and overall performances of fish larvae have been well demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To address this gap, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phospholipids on growth performance, intestinal development, immune response and microbiota of larval largemouth bass (). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic micro-diets were formulated to contain graded inclusion levels of phospholipids (1.69, 3.11, 5.23, 7.43 and 9.29%). Results showed that the supplementation of dietary phospholipids linearly improved the growth performance of largemouth bass larvae. The inclusion of dietary phospholipids increased the activity of digestive enzymes, such as lipase, trypsin and alkaline phosphatase, and promoted the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1, claudin-4 and claudin-5. Additionally, dietary phospholipids inclusion alleviated the accumulation of intestinal triacylglycerols, and further elevated the activity of lysozyme. Dietary phospholipids inhibited the transcription of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, including , and , but promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines , with these modifications being suggested to be mediated by the p38MAPK/Nf-κB pathway. The analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA V3-4 region indicated that the intestinal microbiota profile was significantly altered at the genus level with dietary phospholipids inclusion, including a decreased richness of pathogenic bacteria genera in larval intestine. In summary, it was showed that largemouth bass larvae have a specific requirement for dietary phospholipids, and this study provided novel insights on how dietary phospholipids supplementation contributes to improving the growth performance, digestive tract development and intestinal health.
Topics: Animals; Bass; Computational Biology; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Enzymes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Larva; Phospholipids
PubMed: 35087540
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.827946 -
The Journal of Nutrition Sep 2020The role of fatty acids (FAs) on mammographic density (MD) is unclear, and available studies are based on self-reported dietary intake.
BACKGROUND
The role of fatty acids (FAs) on mammographic density (MD) is unclear, and available studies are based on self-reported dietary intake.
OBJECTIVES
This study assessed the association between specific serum phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and MD in premenopausal women.
METHODS
The cross-sectional study DDM-Madrid recruited 1392 Spanish premenopausal women, aged 39-50 y, who attended a screening in a breast radiodiagnosis unit of Madrid City Council. Women completed lifestyle questionnaires and FFQs. Percentage MD was estimated using a validated computer tool (DM-Scan), and serum PLFA percentages were measured by GC-MS. Multivariable linear regression models were used to quantify the association of FA tertiles with MD. Models were adjusted for age, education, BMI, waist circumference, parity, oral contraceptive use, previous breast biopsies, and energy intake, and they were corrected for multiple testing.
RESULTS
Women in the third tertile of SFAs showed significantly higher MD compared with those in the first tertile (βT3vsT1 = 7.53; 95% CI: 5.44, 9.61). Elevated relative concentrations of palmitoleic (βT3vsT1 = 3.12; 95% CI: 0.99, 5.25) and gondoic (βT3vsT1 = 2.67; 95% CI: 0.57, 4.77) MUFAs, as well as high relative concentrations of palmitelaidic (βT3vsT1 = 5.22; 95% CI: 3.15, 7.29) and elaidic (βT3vsT1 = 2.69; 95% CI: 0.59, 4.79) trans FAs, were also associated with higher MD. On the contrary, women with elevated relative concentrations of n-6 (ω-6) linoleic (βT3vsT1 = -5.49; 95% CI; -7.62, -3.35) and arachidonic (βT3vsT1 = -4.68; 95% CI: -6.79, -2.58) PUFAs showed lower MD. Regarding desaturation indices, an elevated palmitoleic to palmitic ratio and a low ratio of oleic to steric and arachidonic to dihomo-γ-linolenic acids were associated with higher MD.
CONCLUSIONS
Spanish premenopausal women with high relative concentrations of most SFAs and some MUFAs and trans FAs showed an increased MD, whereas those with high relative concentrations of some n-6 PUFAs presented lower density. These results, which should be confirmed in further studies, underscore the importance of analyzing serum FAs individually.
Topics: Adult; Breast Density; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Premenopause
PubMed: 32584993
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa168 -
Cells Oct 2022The number of metabolic syndromes (MetS) is increasing, and a fish phospholipid diet can reduce the risk of MetS. In this study, the changes in lipid metabolism of colon...
The number of metabolic syndromes (MetS) is increasing, and a fish phospholipid diet can reduce the risk of MetS. In this study, the changes in lipid metabolism of colon contents were analyzed by extensive lipidomics in mice with metabolic syndrome by fish phospholipid diet, and mice were randomly divided into experimental groups with different diet types by establishing a MetS model. After 14 weeks, the mice were sacrificed and the serum and colon contents were collected. Ultra-high liquid phase tandem mass spectrometry was used for broadly targeted lipidomic analysis, and the qualitative and quantitative detection of lipid metabolism changes in the colonic contents of mice. Under the intervention of fish phospholipids, MetS mice were significantly inhibited, serum total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) decreased, serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) levels were improved, fasting blood glucose and insulin levels decreased, and inflammatory factors decreased. Through screening, it was found that thirty-three lipid metabolites may be key metabolites and five have significantly changed metabolic pathways. Modularizing lipid metabolites, it is possible to understand the extent to which different types and concentrations of fish phospholipids affect metabolic syndrome. Therefore, our study may provide new therapeutic clues for improving MetS.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Metabolic Syndrome; Phospholipids; Lipidomics; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol, LDL; Salmon; Carps; Triglycerides; Lipoproteins, HDL; Insulins
PubMed: 36291067
DOI: 10.3390/cells11203199 -
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and... Aug 2020The oral administration of solid dosage forms is the commonest method to achieve systemic therapy and relies on the drug's solubility in human intestinal fluid (HIF), a...
The oral administration of solid dosage forms is the commonest method to achieve systemic therapy and relies on the drug's solubility in human intestinal fluid (HIF), a key factor that influences bioavailability and biopharmaceutical classification. However, HIF is difficult to obtain and is known to be variable, which has led to the development of a range of simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) systems to determine drug solubility in vitro. In this study we have applied a novel multidimensional approach to analyse and characterise HIF composition using a published data set in both fasted and fed states with a view to refining the existing SIF approaches. The data set provided 152 and 172 measurements of five variables (total bile salt, phospholipid, total free fatty acid, cholesterol and pH) in time-dependent HIF samples from 20 volunteers in the fasted and fed state, respectively. The variable data sets for both fasted state and fed state are complex, do not follow normal distributions but the amphiphilic variable concentrations are correlated. When plotted 2-dimensionally a generally ellipsoid shaped data cloud with a positive slope is revealed with boundaries that enclose published fasted or fed HIF compositions. The data cloud also encloses the majority of fasted state and fed state SIF recipes and illustrates that the structured nature of design of experiment (DoE) approaches does not optimally cover the variable space and may examine media compositions that are not biorelevant. A principal component analysis in either fasted or fed state in combination with fitting an ellipsoid shape to enclose the data results in 8 points that capture over 95% of the compositional variability of HIF. The variable's average rate of concentration change in both fasted state and fed state over a short time scale (10 min) is zero and a Euclidean analysis highlights differences between the fasted and fed states and among individual volunteers. The results indicate that a 9-point DoE (8 + 1 central point) could be applied to investigate drug solubility in vitro and provide statistical solubility limits. In addition, a single point could provide a worst-case solubility measurement to define the lowest biopharmaceutical classification boundary or for use during drug development. This study has provided a novel description of HIF composition. The approach could be expanded in multiple ways by incorporation of further data sets to improve the statistical coverage or to cover specific patient groups (e.g., paediatric). Further development might also be possible to analyse information on the time dependent behaviour of HIF and to guide HIF sampling and analysis protocols.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Body Fluids; Fasting; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Secretions; Intestines; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phospholipids; Solubility
PubMed: 32585351
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.06.011 -
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Jun 2021Choline is an essential nutrient required for various biological processes. Eggs, dairy, and meat are rich in phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas cereal and legumes are...
Choline is an essential nutrient required for various biological processes. Eggs, dairy, and meat are rich in phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas cereal and legumes are rich in free choline. Excess dietary choline leads to increase plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). Epidemiological studies suggest that plasma TMAO is a biomarker for atherosclerosis and it has been suggested that a lower intake of eggs and meat would reduce choline consumption and thus reduce atherosclerosis development. To investigate whether the form of dietary choline influences atherosclerosis development in Ldlr, we randomly fed Ldlrmale mice (aged 8 - 10 wk) one of the three 40% (calories) high fat diets (with 0.5% w/w of cholesterol): Control (0.1% w/w free-choline, CON), choline-supplemented (0.4% free-choline, CS), or PC-supplemented (0.1% free-choline and 0.3% choline from PC, PCS). After 12-wk of dietary intervention, the animals were euthanized and tissues and blood collected. Aortic atherosclerotic plaque area, plasma choline, lipid metabolites, and spleen and peripheral blood cell phenotypes were quantified. Surprisingly, the PCS group had significantly lower atherosclerotic lesions while having 2-fold higher plasma TMAO levels compared with both CON and CS groups (P<0.05). In the fasting state, we found that PCS decreased plasma very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) and apolipoprotein B48 (APOB48), and increased plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). However, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion was not affected by dietary treatment. We observed lower levels of circulating pro-atherogenic chemokines in the PCS group. Our study suggests that increased dietary PC intake does not induce a pro-atherogenic phenotype.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Gene Deletion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phosphatidylcholines; Receptors, LDL
PubMed: 33705949
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108617 -
European Journal of Nutrition Oct 2022UK guidelines recommend dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) should not exceed 10% total energy (%TE) for cardiovascular disease prevention, with benefits observed when...
Impact of a food-based dietary fat exchange model for replacing dietary saturated with unsaturated fatty acids in healthy men on plasma phospholipids fatty acid profiles and dietary patterns.
PURPOSE
UK guidelines recommend dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) should not exceed 10% total energy (%TE) for cardiovascular disease prevention, with benefits observed when SFAs are replaced with unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a dietary exchange model using commercially available foods to replace SFAs with UFAs.
METHODS
Healthy men (n = 109, age 48, SD 11 year) recruited to the Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention-1 (RISSCI-1) study (ClinicalTrials.Gov n°NCT03270527) followed two sequential 4-week isoenergetic moderate-fat (34%TE) diets: high-SFA (18%TE SFAs, 16%TE UFAs) and low-SFA (10%TE SFAs, 24%TE UFAs). Dietary intakes were assessed using 4-day weighed diet diaries. Nutrient intakes were analysed using paired t-tests, fasting plasma phospholipid fatty acid (PL-FA) profiles and dietary patterns were analysed using orthogonal partial least square discriminant analyses.
RESULTS
Participants exchanged 10.2%TE (SD 4.1) SFAs for 9.7%TE (SD 3.9) UFAs between the high and low-SFA diets, reaching target intakes with minimal effect on other nutrients or energy intakes. Analyses of dietary patterns confirmed successful incorporation of recommended foods from commercially available sources (e.g. dairy products, snacks, oils, and fats), without affecting participants' overall dietary intakes. Analyses of plasma PL-FAs indicated good compliance to the dietary intervention and foods of varying SFA content.
CONCLUSIONS
RISSCI-1 dietary exchange model successfully replaced dietary SFAs with UFAs in free-living healthy men using commercially available foods, and without altering their dietary patterns. Further intervention studies are required to confirm utility and feasibility of such food-based dietary fat replacement models at a population level.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet; Dietary Fats; Fatty Acids; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids
PubMed: 35668120
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02910-2 -
The Journal of Nutrition Mar 2023It is unclear whether moderate differences in dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality influence plasma FAs in the lipogenic pathway in healthy adults. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether moderate differences in dietary carbohydrate quantity and quality influence plasma FAs in the lipogenic pathway in healthy adults.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the effects of different carbohydrate quantities and quality on plasma palmitate concentrations (primary outcome) and other saturated and MUFAs in the lipogenic pathway.
METHODS
Twenty healthy participants were randomly assigned, and 18 (50% women; age: 22-72 y; BMI: 18.2-32.7 kg/m and BMI was measured in kg/m) started the cross-over intervention. During each 3-wk period (separated by a 1-wk washout period), 3 diets were consumed (all foods provided) in random order: low-carbohydrate (LC) (38% energy (E) carbohydrates, 25-35 g fiber/d, 0% E added sugars); high-carbohydrate/high-fiber (HCF) (53% E carbohydrates, 25-35 g fiber/d, 0% E added sugars); and high-carbohydrate/high-sugar (HCS) (53% E carbohydrates, 19-21 g fiber/d, 15% E added sugars). Individual FAs were measured proportionally to total FAs by GC in plasma cholesteryl esters, phospholipids, and TGs. False discovery rate-adjusted repeated measures ANOVA [ANOVA-false discovery rate (FDR)] was used to compare outcomes.
RESULTS
The self-reported intakes of carbohydrates and added- and free sugars were; 30.6% E and 7.4% E in LC, 41.4% E and 6.9% E in HCF, and 45.7% E and 10.3% in HCS. Plasma palmitate did not differ between the diet periods (ANOVA FDR P > 0.43, n = 18). After HCS, myristate concentrations in cholesterol esters and phospholipids were ≥19% higher than LC and ≥22% higher than HCF (P = 0.005). After LC, palmitoleate in TG was 6% lower compared with HCF and 7% compared with HCS (P = 0.041). Body weight differed (≤0.75 kg) between diets before FDR correction.
CONCLUSIONS
Different carbohydrate quantity and quality do not influence plasma palmitate concentrations after 3 wk in healthy Swedish adults, whereas myristate increased after the moderately higher intake of carbohydrate/high-sugar, but not carbohydrate/high-fiber. Whether plasma myristate is more responsive than palmitate to differences in carbohydrate intake requires further study, especially considering that participants deviated from the planned dietary targets. J Nutr 20XX;xx:xx-xx. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03295448.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Female; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Male; Myristates; Dietary Carbohydrates; Diet; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Phospholipids; Sugars; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 36797136
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.005