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FP Essentials Jul 2022Ergogenic aids include performance-enhancing substances, nutritional supplements, and a variety of techniques aimed to improve an athlete's exercise performance...
Ergogenic aids include performance-enhancing substances, nutritional supplements, and a variety of techniques aimed to improve an athlete's exercise performance capacity. Dietary supplement consumption in athletes is common and is higher in those with desire to become Olympic or world champions. Supplements with performance benefits include caffeine, creatine, nitrate, and sodium bicarbonate. Anabolic-androgenic steroids; stimulants, such as ephedrine; and body mass builders, such as human growth hormone, are the most used performance-enhancing substances in competition. The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is responsible for generating the list of banned performance-enhancing substances as well as establishing the testing standards for national and international events. Makers of dietary supplements are not required to prove the products are safe or test them for quality. Products with third-party testing certifications can help minimize the risk of ingesting contaminated or banned substances. Therapeutic use exemptions may be granted in Olympic, professional, or NCAA sports for athletes with a medical necessity for banned substances. The role of the physician or other medical professional is to guide informed decision-making.
Topics: Athletes; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Sports; Sports Medicine
PubMed: 35830325
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Oct 2022Athletes represent a major part of dietary supplement users. This scoping review aims to explore the prevalence of dietary supplement use among athletes worldwide, most... (Review)
Review
Athletes represent a major part of dietary supplement users. This scoping review aims to explore the prevalence of dietary supplement use among athletes worldwide, most commonly used supplements, sources of information on dietary supplements and their reasons for use of these supplements. PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo were searched for original research articles. Studies were included if they involved athletes, identified the prevalence of dietary supplement use, and were published after 2017. A total of 26 articles were reviewed. Prevalence of dietary supplement use varied among articles, but sex-based differences related to the types of used dietary supplements existed. Generally, the findings were consistent in terms of reasons for use and sources of information. Unfortunately, the lack of homogeneity regarding the definition of dietary supplements, definition of use, reporting timeframes, and data collection methods complicates the attempt to compare the findings among studies.
Topics: Athletes; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Prevalence
PubMed: 36235761
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194109 -
Clinical Therapeutics Feb 2021Maternal nutrition is a key modifier of fetal growth and development. However, many maternal diets in the United States do not meet nutritional recommendations. Dietary... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Maternal nutrition is a key modifier of fetal growth and development. However, many maternal diets in the United States do not meet nutritional recommendations. Dietary supplementation is therefore necessary to meet nutritional goals. The effects of many supplements on placental development and function are poorly understood. In this review, we address the therapeutic potential of maternal dietary supplementation on placental development and function in both healthy and complicated pregnancies.
METHODS
This is a narrative review of original research articles published between February 1970 and July 2020 on dietary supplements consumed during pregnancy and placental outcomes (including nutrient uptake, metabolism and delivery, as well as growth and efficiency). Impacts of placental changes on fetal outcomes were also reviewed. Both human and animal studies were included.
FINDINGS
We found evidence of a potential therapeutic benefit of several supplements on maternal and fetal outcomes via their placental impacts. Our review supports a role for probiotics as a placental therapeutic, with effects that include improved inflammation and lipid metabolism, which may prevent preterm birth and poor placental efficiency. Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (as found in fish oil) during pregnancy tempers the negative effects of maternal obesity but may have little placental impact in healthy lean women. The beneficial effects of choline supplementation on maternal health and fetal growth are largely attributable to its placental impacts. l-arginine supplementation has a potent provascularization effect on the placenta, which may underlie its fetal growth-promoting properties.
IMPLICATIONS
The placenta is exquisitely sensitive to dietary supplements. Pregnant women should consult their health care practitioner before continuing or initiating use of a dietary supplement. Because little is known about impacts of many supplements on placental and long-term offspring health, more research is required before robust clinical recommendations can be made.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Micronutrients; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Prenatal Care
PubMed: 33358257
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.11.017 -
AMA Journal of Ethics May 2022Patients expect that dietary supplements they purchase-and physicians expect that dietary supplements they recommend-are safe, accurately labeled, quality products....
Patients expect that dietary supplements they purchase-and physicians expect that dietary supplements they recommend-are safe, accurately labeled, quality products. Since many dietary supplements, especially vitamins and minerals, are key parts of evidence-based interventions for patients with many conditions, illegal, fraudulent, adulterated, or improperly labeled products should be regarded as sources of clinical and ethical concern. Adverse events (AEs) can occur and, when they do, relevant data should be carefully collected and analyzed. This article considers how many physicians' and patients' confusion about dietary supplement regulation can undermine quality caregiving and responses to AEs. This article also summarizes a recent American Medical Association Council on Science and Public Health report on dietary supplement supply and marketing practices and on physicians' roles in guiding patients when dietary supplement use is clinically indicated.
Topics: Attention; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Marketing; Physicians; Public Health; United States
PubMed: 35575573
DOI: 10.1001/amajethics.2022.410 -
Journal of Nutritional Science 2022Dietary supplements can be used to compensate for an inadequate diet. However, some studies indicate that supplement users consume healthier diets than non-users,...
Dietary supplements can be used to compensate for an inadequate diet. However, some studies indicate that supplement users consume healthier diets than non-users, although such data are lacking in Japanese children. The aim of the present study was to investigate the food and nutrient intake of dietary supplement users among school-aged children in Japan. A nationwide school dietary survey was conducted at fourteen elementary schools and thirteen junior high schools in twelve prefectures in Japan. Three-day non-consecutive semi-weighed dietary records were obtained on two weekdays and one weekend day. Analysis of covariance was performed to investigate differences in food and nutrient intake from meals consumed at school and outside of school between dietary supplement users and non-users, adjusted for socio-demographic and health-related characteristics. Of the 910 children included in this analysis, 80 (8⋅8 %) reported supplement use. Based on 3-d dietary records, dietary supplement users consumed higher mean amounts of oils and lower amounts of fruits and vegetables than non-users. In school lunches, users consumed significantly higher amounts of oils and lower amounts of protein than non-users. In meals consumed outside of school, dietary supplement users consumed significantly higher amounts of confectioneries and lower amounts of fruits and vegetables, folate, vitamin C and dietary fibre than non-users. Collectively, our findings indicate that dietary supplement users consumed less healthy diets than non-users. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these results and identify factors contributing to poorer dietary habits in supplement users.
Topics: Child; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Humans; Japan; Oils; Schools; Vegetables
PubMed: 35573463
DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.96 -
The Journal of Nutrition Jun 2023Although reported dietary supplement use is common in older adults, evaluations of dietary supplement use over the past 10 y are lacking.
BACKGROUND
Although reported dietary supplement use is common in older adults, evaluations of dietary supplement use over the past 10 y are lacking.
OBJECTIVE
This analysis determined changes in reported dietary supplement use in cognitively normal older adults (aged ≥ 55 y) using the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data from 2015 to 2019 using a serial cross-sectional study design.
METHODS
The first available visit for cognitively normal participants aged ≥ 55 y from 2015 to 2019 with a complete medication form was used, resulting in 9357 participants. Associations between visit year categories and reported use of dietary supplement categories/individual supplements were tested using categorical statistics. To determine whether the probabilities of reported supplement use changed in 2019 compared with those of 2015, z-scores and two-sided P values were used. Weighted analyses were used to confirm analytical findings.
RESULTS
When comparing 2015 and 2019, the reported use of any dietary supplement decreased from 77.7% in 2015 to 71.0% in 2019 (P < 0.0001); any vitamin from 72.5% to 65.5% (P < 0.0001); any mineral from 39.2% to 30.4% (P < 0.0001); "other" nonvitamin/nonmineral supplements from 34.4% to 26.9% (P < 0.0001), calcium from 31.2% to 21.7% (P < 0.0001), multivitamins from 48.4% to 38.4% (P < 0.0001), potassium from 5.6% to 3.5% (P = 0.001), vitamin C from 13.0% to 9.2% (P = 0.0002), chondroitin from 6.0% to 4.1% (P = 0.006), glucosamine from 11.1% to 6.5% (P < 0.0001), and all omega fatty acids from 25.2% to 17.0% (P < 0.0001). Reported use increased for vitamin B7/biotin from 3.1% in 2015 to 5.8% in 2019 (P = 0.0003), melatonin from 3.1% to 5.8% (P = 0.0002), and turmeric from 1.2% to 4.7% (P < 0.0001).
CONCLUSION
Although the reported use of many major dietary supplement categories and individual supplements significantly decreased in older adults from 2015 to 2019, biotin, turmeric, and melatonin significantly increased. Because biotin may interfere with some laboratory tests, this may have important public health implications.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Biotin; Cross-Sectional Studies; Alzheimer Disease; Melatonin; Dietary Supplements; Vitamins
PubMed: 37044210
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.04.004 -
Research in Social & Administrative... Aug 2021The lockdown imposed to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evoked an unprecedented phenomenon that could affect health behaviors and beliefs.
BACKGROUND
The lockdown imposed to counter the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has evoked an unprecedented phenomenon that could affect health behaviors and beliefs.
OBJECTIVE
To examine how medication-, dietary supplement- and health-related behaviors, beliefs and other psychological constructs changed in Polish online health service users during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
METHODS
A one-time online survey accessed through a health service website was completed before and during the pandemic lockdown by separate samples of respondents. The survey examined beliefs about medicines and dietary supplements, consumption of dietary supplements, trust and contact with their advertisements, sources of dietary supplement knowledge as well as perceived health, diet, physical activity and smoking, among other things.
RESULTS
The study included 1560 participants. Most examined outcomes remained unchanged over COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Beliefs that the dietary supplement quality is well controlled became significantly more pronounced during the lockdown (adjusted ratio of estimates 1.16, 95%CI 1.06-1.27, p = 0.001). Fewer people reported having contact with dietary supplement advertisements (adjusted odds ratio 0.59, 95%CI 0.43-0.83, p = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
The results may help understand some health-related issues associated with COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and may be used to shape aspects of health-related policy.
Topics: COVID-19; Communicable Disease Control; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pandemics; Poland; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33272858
DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.11.015 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Mar 2021Herbal medicine is the art and science of using herbs, for health promotion and preventing and treating illnesses that are not usually considered part of standard... (Review)
Review
Herbal medicine is the art and science of using herbs, for health promotion and preventing and treating illnesses that are not usually considered part of standard medical care. It is the leading therapy among complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use in the United States. Using herbal supplements to improve or stave off the effects of normal cognitive aging is appealing to many patients because of the misconception that "natural" therapies have no adverse effects. Herbal supplement manufacturers often saturate consumers with direct advertisement on various media platforms with alternative treatment of a variety of ailments.
Topics: Attitude to Health; Cognition; Dietary Supplements; Health Promotion; Humans; Phytotherapy; United States
PubMed: 33549286
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2020.10.005 -
Clinical Toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) Jun 2022The purpose of this project was to determine types of dietary supplement products U.S. Service Members frequently ask about and identify risks associated with select...
CONTEXT
The purpose of this project was to determine types of dietary supplement products U.S. Service Members frequently ask about and identify risks associated with select products that consumers should be aware of when considering their use.
METHODS
Forty-one dietary supplement products frequently asked about through the Operation Supplement Safety's (OPSS.org) Ask-the-Expert portal were selected. Product analysis was performed to verify whether select products were accurately labeled and to identify any risky ingredients contained in these products. Operation Supplement Safety Risk Assessment Scorecard criteria were additionally used as a screening tool to assess a product's relative safety potential.
RESULTS
Among the select dietary supplements, 12 (29.3%) were marketed as pre-workout products; 14 (34.1%) for weight loss; four (9.8%) for male enhancement/testosterone boosters; and 11 (26.8%) as body building supplements. Eleven (26.8%) products had accurate labels; only eight of these had accurate labels plus no risky ingredients listed on the labels. Twenty-six (63.4%) products were misbranded; 10 (24.4%) were adulterated, and six (14.6%) were both misbranded and adulterated. Risky ingredients appeared on 23 (56%) of all product labels. Eight of these 23 products also had additional risky ingredients not listed on the labels but detected through analysis. According to the Scorecard based on label claims, 35 (85.4%) received a rating of "no-go/risky".
CONCLUSIONS
U.S. Service Members and the public at large should be aware that dietary supplements may contain risky ingredients and know how to identify ingredients on the label to evaluate potential risk.
Topics: Dietary Supplements; Humans; Military Personnel; Product Labeling
PubMed: 35156875
DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2036751 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Seaweeds or algae are marine autotrophic organisms. They produce nutrients (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) essential for the survival of living organisms as they... (Review)
Review
Seaweeds or algae are marine autotrophic organisms. They produce nutrients (e.g., proteins, carbohydrates, etc.) essential for the survival of living organisms as they participate in biochemical processes and non-nutritive molecules (such as dietary fibers and secondary metabolites), which can improve their physiological functions. Seaweed polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, terpenoids, pigments, and polyphenols have biological properties that can be used to develop food supplements and nutricosmetic products as they can act as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds. This review examines the (primary and secondary) metabolites produced by algae, the most recent evidence of their effect on human health conditions, with particular attention to what concerns the skin and hair's well-being. It also evaluates the industrial potential of recovering these metabolites from biomass produced by algae used to clean wastewater. The results demonstrate that algae can be considered a natural source of bioactive molecules for well-being formulations. The primary and secondary metabolites' upcycling can be an exciting opportunity to safeguard the planet (promoting a circular economy) and, at the same time, obtain low-cost bioactive molecules for the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries from low-cost, raw, and renewable materials. Today's lack of methodologies for recovering bioactive molecules in large-scale processes limits practical realization.
Topics: Humans; Seaweed; Aquatic Organisms; Dietary Supplements; Carbohydrates; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 37241773
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104032