-
The British Journal of Nutrition Nov 2023The current study aims to confirm the positive effects of dietary nano-Se on nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet (HFD)...
The current study aims to confirm the positive effects of dietary nano-Se on nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with high-fat diet (HFD) before overwintering and to reveal its possible molecular mechanism. The lipid deposition, protein synthesis and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with regular diet (RD), HFD or HFD supplemented with nano-Se (0·3 or 0·6 mg/kg) for 60 d were tested. Results show that nano-Se significantly reduced lipid content, dripping loss and fibre diameter ( < 0·05), but increased protein content, post-mortem pH and muscle fibre density ( < 0·05) in muscle of grass carp fed with HFD. Notably, dietary nano-Se decreased lipid deposition in the muscle by regulating amp-activated protein kinase activity and increased protein synthesis and fibre formation in muscle by activating target of rapamycin and myogenic determining factors pathways. In summary, dietary nano-Se can regulate the nutrients deposition and muscle fibre formation in grass carp fed with HFD, which exhibit potential benefit for improving flesh quality of grass carp fed with HFD.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Carps; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Lipids; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36999370
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114523000892 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Mar 2022This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using protease in diets of Nile tilapia on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal...
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of using protease in diets of Nile tilapia on growth performance, water quality, blood parameters and intestinal morphology. The cost of these diets and their return on fish performance was calculated. A total of 360 fish were randomly allocated into four groups with triplicates (30 fish per replicate). Four diets were formulated; two controls (without protease supplementation) and two experimental diets (supplemented with protease). The first control diet contained the normal protein requirement (30% CP; control +ve), while the second control had a low protein content (29% CP; control -ve). The third diet was supplemented with protease at a dose of 500 g/ton, and its CP content was reduced to 29.0%, by reducing the fish meal content. The fourth diet contained the same CP level as the first control (30%) and supplemented with 250 g protease per ton feed. The experiment lasted for 14 weeks. The results showed that body weight and length, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency in the control -ve group (low CP) supplemented with protease were similar (p > 0.05) to that of the control +ve with normal CP content. However, these performance parameters were lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed low CP diet without protease supplementation. Providing protease to the control +ve diet improved all measured performance indices. The ammonia and nitrite concentrations of the water were reduced (p < 0.05) in control -ve and protease-supplemented groups. The height and width of intestinal villi were increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed diets containing protease. The inclusion of protease reduced the diet cost and also the feed cost of fish weight gain. In conclusion, supplementation of protease can improve the productive performance of fish, spare dietary protein and produce economical diets. Moreover, it can help in improving the water quality of fish via lowering the ammonia and nitrite contents, or through increasing the degradation of dietary protein.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cichlids; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Peptide Hydrolases; Water Quality
PubMed: 34120363
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13591 -
Biological Trace Element Research Sep 2023This study was aimed at investigating the effects of diet iron levels on the blood iron status, tissue iron content, mRNA levels, and the activity of iron-containing...
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of diet iron levels on the blood iron status, tissue iron content, mRNA levels, and the activity of iron-containing enzymes in different tissues of squabs. A total of 120 pairs of healthy Silver Feather King parental pigeons with similar average body weight and egg production were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 replicates and 3 pairs of pigeons per replicate. The five groups of breeding pigeons were fed an iron-unsupplemented basal diet and basal diet supplemented with 75, 150, 300, and 600 mg iron/kg, respectively. The diets were fed in the form of granular feed based on corn, soybean meal, wheat, and sorghum. A broken line model was used for regression analysis. The results showed that plasma iron (PI), serum ferritin, iron contents in crop milk and liver, liver catalase (CAT) activity, and heart succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity were affected by iron levels (P < 0.05). And PI, serum ferritin, iron content in crop milk, and heart SDH activity increased quadratically (P < 0.05), but the iron content and CAT activity in the liver decreased quadratically (P < 0.005) as dietary iron level increased. According to the broken-line model of serum ferritin fitting (P < 0.002), the optimal dietary iron level of breeding pigeons was estimated to be 193 mg/kg. In conclusion, serum ferritin is a sensitive index to evaluate the iron requirement of the breeding pigeon with two squabs, and the recommended iron supplemental level is 193 mg/kg.
Topics: Animals; Columbidae; Iron, Dietary; Plant Breeding; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Antioxidants; Ferritins; Iron; Animal Feed; Chickens
PubMed: 36542305
DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03530-x -
Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology Apr 2020The gut microbiota seems to be implicated in the functioning and development of basic physiological processes and might also influence central neural processes, through... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The gut microbiota seems to be implicated in the functioning and development of basic physiological processes and might also influence central neural processes, through the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis. Pre- and clinical studies support the role of the microbiome in seizure modulation and in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Acting through different interventions (. diet, supplementations, drugs) could perturb directly and indirectly the MGB axis. Investigating the effects of these interventions might possibly allow better understanding of epilepsy itself, identify biomarkers, or providing new therapeutic options.
AREAS COVERED
PubMed and Google Scholar searches were used to compile a list of relevant publications until January 2020, using data from preclinical studies and clinical trials and gut microbiome/microbiota projects. Furthermore, we evaluate the impact of the antiepileptic drugs on gut microbiota and the influence of intestinal alterations on seizures occurrence.
EXPERT OPINION
Investigating the MGB axis and the role of gut supplementation in epilepsy is challenging due to the numerous potential pathways and variables involved. Few studies have been performed so far and all have been limited making speculation still premature. Studies designed with the similar strictness of pharmaceutical drug development trials, performing taxa, and metabolomic analyses with standard methodologies are needed.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Brain; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Epilepsy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans
PubMed: 32320306
DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1759414 -
Amino Acids Nov 2023Amino acids which are essential nutrients for all cell types' survival are also recognised to serve as opportunistic/alternative fuels in cancers auxotrophic for... (Review)
Review
Amino acids which are essential nutrients for all cell types' survival are also recognised to serve as opportunistic/alternative fuels in cancers auxotrophic for specific amino acids. Accordingly, restriction of amino acids has been utilised as a therapeutic strategy in these cancers. Contrastingly, amino acid deficiencies in cancer are found to greatly impair immune functions, increasing mortality and morbidity rates. Dietary and supplemental amino acids in such conditions have revealed their importance as 'immunonutrients' by modulating cellular homeostasis processes and halting malignant progression. L-arginine specifically has attracted interest as an immunonutrient by acting as a nodal regulator of immune responses linked to carcinogenesis processes through its versatile signalling molecule, nitric oxide (NO). The quantum of NO generated directly influences the cytotoxic and cytostatic processes of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and senescence. However, L-lysine, a CAT transporter competitor for arginine effectively limits arginine input at high L-lysine concentrations by limiting arginine-mediated effects. The phenomenon of arginine-lysine antagonism can, therefore, be hypothesised to influence the immunonutritional effects exerted by arginine. The review highlights aspects of lysine's interference with arginine-mediated NO generation and its consequences on immunonutritional and anti-cancer effects, and discusses possible alternatives to manage the condition. However, further research that considers monitoring lysine levels in arginine immunonutritional therapy is essential to conclude the hypothesis.
Topics: Arginine; Lysine; Immunonutrition Diet; Amino Acids; Diet; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37728630
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03327-9 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... May 2023β-alanine has been demonstrated to improve carcass traits and meat quality of animals. However, no research has been found on the effects of dietary β-alanine in the...
Effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pig.
β-alanine has been demonstrated to improve carcass traits and meat quality of animals. However, no research has been found on the effects of dietary β-alanine in the meat quality control of finishing pigs, which are among the research focus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity of Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs. The treatments contained a basal diet (control, CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg β-alanine. Each treatment group consisted of five pens, with five pigs per pen. Results showed that compared with CON, supplemental β-alanine did not affect the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and the feed-to-gain ratio of pigs. Dietary β-alanine supplementation tended to increase the pH (p = 0.071) while decreasing the shear force (p = 0.085) and the drip loss (p = 0.091). Moreover, it improved (p < 0.05) the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and lessened (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration. Added β-alanine in diets of finishing pigs could enhance the concentrations of arginine, alanine, and glutamate (p < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle and tended to raise the levels of cysteine, glycine and anserine (p = 0.060, p = 0.098 and p = 0.091 respectively). Taken together, our results showed that dietary β-alanine supplementation contributed to the improvement of the carcass traits, meat quality and anserine content, the amelioration of muscle antioxidant capacity and the regulation of amino acid composition in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Antioxidants; Amino Acids; Carnosine; Anserine; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Meat; beta-Alanine; Animal Feed; Body Composition
PubMed: 36575591
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13797 -
Tropical Animal Health and Production Sep 2021This study aimed to assess the dietary effects of rosemary and clove essential oils separately and in combination on the growth performance; immunological,...
Influence of dietary supplementation of clove and rosemary essential oils or their combination on growth performance, immunity status, and blood antioxidant of growing rabbits.
This study aimed to assess the dietary effects of rosemary and clove essential oils separately and in combination on the growth performance; immunological, hematological, and physiological responses; and antioxidant status of growing rabbits. One hundred forty-four of 42-day-old growing V-line rabbits (both sexes with initial live body weights of 765 ± 6 g) were randomly allocated into four treatment groups of 36 rabbits each. Each group was further sub-divided into 12 replicates of 3 rabbits in a completely randomized design. The 1 group was fed a basal diet free of additives and served as the control group, the 2 and 3 groups were fed basal diets supplemented with rosemary and clove essential oils, respectively, at doses of 400 mg/kg diet. The 4 group received a basal diet supplemented with a combination of clove and rosemary essential oils at doses of 200 mg/kg diet each. The results showed that the different supplementations did not influence rabbit performance or immunological traits. Opposite to performance or immunological traits, differences in red blood cells and hemoglobin value among all dietary treatments were improved (P < 0.05). Dietary essential oil supplementation with clove, rosemary oil, or a mixed of both increased (P < 0.05) blood concentrations of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase by 47, 42, and 7%; 56, 35, and 36%; and 40, 39, and 37%, respectively, in supplemented rabbits versus control rabbits. In conclusion, clove and/or rosemary essential oils can potentially be used in rabbit diets to improve antioxidant status without change in rabbit's growth performance or immunological parameters.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Oils, Volatile; Rabbits; Rosmarinus; Syzygium
PubMed: 34562165
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02906-w -
Nutrients Jun 2024Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a disorder between gynecology and psychiatry which includes cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms from mild to severe. The most... (Review)
Review
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a disorder between gynecology and psychiatry which includes cognitive, affective, and somatic symptoms from mild to severe. The most severe form of PMS is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and it is considered a form of depressive disorder. An association between diet composition and the occurrence of PMS and its severity have been suggested. As such, this manuscript discusses the relationships between diet composition, dietary patterns and eating behaviors, and PMS. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were searched for related studies up to 18 January 2024. A text search with the following keywords singly or in combination was conducted: "Premenstrual syndrome", "Nutrition", "Diet composition", "Dietary patterns", and "Eating behaviors". Studies published so far showed that low intake of simple carbohydrates, fats, salt, and alcohol, and high of fresh, unprocessed foods rich in B vitamins, vitamin D, zinc, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids may help prevent the onset of PMS and reduce the severity of its symptoms. However, further studies are needed to formulate definitive recommendations for the use of vitamins, micronutrients and other dietary ingredients supplementation in women with PMS to improve functioning, overall well-being, and physical health. Large, randomized, double-blind clinical trials across diverse populations are necessary to formulate clear recommendations for supplementation in women with PMS.
Topics: Humans; Premenstrual Syndrome; Female; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Adult; Nutritional Status; Dietary Patterns
PubMed: 38931266
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121911 -
Poultry Science Dec 2021This study evaluated the level and length of time of vitamin A supplementation and its effects on carcass and cuts yield, meat quality, and myopathies in 42-day-old...
This study evaluated the level and length of time of vitamin A supplementation and its effects on carcass and cuts yield, meat quality, and myopathies in 42-day-old broilers. A total of 1,920 birds were divided into 6 groups, and each group received a different level of vitamin A: 0; 6,000; 16,000; 26,000; 36,000 and 46,000 IU/ kg. From d 1 to 21, the treatments were distributed among 16 replicates with 20 birds. From the 22nd d on, 8 repetitions remained with the initial treatment and the others received diets with no vitamin A supplementation. Twelve birds were slaughtered per treatment to evaluate carcass and cuts yield, shear force, cooking loss, water holding capacity, and the presence of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid. The remaining birds were slaughtered and evaluated in loco for Wooden Breast (WB) and White Striping (WS). Wings weight was affected by vitamin A levels. The duration of the vitamin A supplementation process had effects on the weight of breast, legs with a dorsal portion, and meat color in the yellow intensity (b*). Incidence of WB had higher scores in birds supplemented until 42 d of age. WS showed a quadratic response and a lower response with supplementation of 29,700 IU/ kg. Even for WS, a higher occurrence of the normal score was found in birds supplemented until 21 d of age. Minimal quadratic responses were obtained for normal, moderate, and severe scores, in supplementations of 29,301; 29,959, and 29,827 IU/ kg, respectively. WB had lower occurrence rates in birds supplemented until 21 d of age. Consequently, the severe score was more frequent when supplementation was provided until 42 d of age. The level of vitamin A and the length of time during which this supplementation was provided had influence on cuts yield, meat color and the incidence of WB and WS of the 42-day-old birds.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Meat; Pectoralis Muscles; Vitamin A
PubMed: 34768044
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101490 -
Poultry Science Mar 2022The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary magnesium (Mg) and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) supplementation on productive...
The objective of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary magnesium (Mg) and δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) supplementation on productive performance and egg quality in laying hens. The present experiment was performed using a completely randomized design with 2 × 2 factorial arrangements including 2 levels of supplemental Mg (0 and 0.12%) and ALA (0 and 0.25%) in diets. A total of 192 43-wk-old Hy-Line Brown laying hens were allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates. Each replicate consisted of 4 consecutive cages with 2 hens per cage. Treatment diets were fed to hens for 6 wk. Results indicated that dietary Mg supplementation improved (P < 0.01) eggshell strength but decreased (P < 0.05) eggshell color score, regardless of dietary ALA supplementation. However, the decreased eggshell color by dietary Mg supplementation was relieved by dietary ALA supplementation, which led to a significant interaction (P < 0.05). Likewise, an interaction (P < 0.05) was also observed for eggshell lightness (L*) because dietary ALA supplementation decreased eggshell L* values only when Mg was supplemented to diets. In conclusion, dietary Mg supplementation improves eggshell strength but decreases the intensity of brown eggshell color in laying hens. However, this negative effect of dietary Mg supplementation on eggshell color is likely ameliorated by dietary ALA supplementation.
Topics: Aminolevulinic Acid; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Egg Shell; Female; Magnesium; Ovum
PubMed: 35066381
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101676