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Journal of Human Nutrition and... Apr 2022Applied health research methods are evolving to meet the demands of increasingly complex health research needs. Qualitative health research, focused on individual... (Review)
Review
Applied health research methods are evolving to meet the demands of increasingly complex health research needs. Qualitative health research, focused on individual perspectives of health, wellness, illness and recovery, has emerged as a unique discipline of this field. With distinct foci, methods and rules, qualitative health research has the potential to answer applied health research questions to inform practice, education and policy. Despite this potential, there are challenges to the application of qualitative health research methods in nutrition and dietetics research. These include limited training and mentorship availability for the rigorous application of these methods, as well as misaligned goals between the traditional social science-based qualitative approaches and emerging applied nutrition science needs. Recognising these limitations, this review aims to provide guidance to the nutrition scientist conducting applied qualitative health research. Using nutrition and dietetic examples from the literature, this review defines qualitative health research and advances the Emphasis-Purposeful sample-Phenomenon of interest-Context (EPPiC) framework as a tool for constructing structured overarching research questions and introduces four qualitative health research designs (qualitative description, interpretive description, case study and focused ethnography) relevant to applied nutrition science. This includes guidance on defining the sample, identifying strategies for data collection, analytic techniques and data reporting.
Topics: Anthropology, Cultural; Dietetics; Humans; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 34997658
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12989 -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Jan 2022
Topics: Dietetics; Food; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Obesity
PubMed: 34981898
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202270003 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Dec 2023Provision of enteral nutrition (EN) in hospitalized patients is an integral part of clinical care. For various reasons, including but not limited to delayed enteral... (Review)
Review
Provision of enteral nutrition (EN) in hospitalized patients is an integral part of clinical care. For various reasons, including but not limited to delayed enteral access placement and EN initiation, it is becoming more prevalent for registered dietitians (RDs) to place feeding tubes in various clinical settings. Although numerous RDs have expanded their practice by learning this skill, many remain hesitant about adding feeding tube placement to their scope of responsibilities. Feeding tube placement is within RDs' scope of practice. The recently updated Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics (ACEND) standards is requiring dietetic interns to learn the process and assist in placing feeding tubes. This will help promote the inclusion of this practice and open doors for future advancement in the scope of practice for RDs. This review will provide an overview of feeding tube placement methods, evidence-based techniques, training, competencies, and barriers to accepting this practice in dietetics.
Topics: Humans; Nutritionists; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Enteral Nutrition; Dietetics; Intestine, Small
PubMed: 37725386
DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11071 -
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Dec 2023
Topics: Humans; Dietetics
PubMed: 37864405
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13257 -
Education For Health (Abingdon, England) 2021The Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics requires that undergraduate dietetics courses utilize a variety of educational approaches to...
BACKGROUND
The Accreditation Council for Education in Nutrition and Dietetics requires that undergraduate dietetics courses utilize a variety of educational approaches to facilitate learning. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate undergraduate nutrition students' perceptions of 16 classroom-based learning activities before and after taking an upper-level nutrition course.
METHODS
A survey was completed by students before and after taking an upper-level nutrition course, Methods in Nutrition Education, at a single university in the southwest region of the United States in fall 2016 and 2017. The survey included demographic questions and assessed students' perceptions of the helpfulness of 16 traditional and active classroom-based activities to learning. Perceptions were measured via Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree) at baseline and postcourse. Wilcoxon signed rank tests assessed changes in students' perceptions of learning activities from baseline to postcourse (significance = P < 0.05).
RESULTS
Ninety-seven completed baseline surveys; 67 (69%) completed postcourse surveys. Observing professionals (median = 5), interviewing professionals (median = 5), and critical thinking (median = 4) were perceived as most helpful to learning postcourse. Students agreed critical thinking, integrating material from other courses, interviewing professionals, case studies, writing short reports and summaries, and group projects and activities were significantly more helpful postcourse compared to baseline (P < 0.05).
DISCUSSION
Undergraduate nutrition students perceive a variety of classroom-based activities are helpful to learning including traditional (textbook readings, lectures) and active learning strategies (observation, practice). Instructors may consider implementing a variety of traditional and active learning strategies in upper-level nutrition and health-related courses to facilitate learning.
Topics: Dietetics; Humans; Pilot Projects; Problem-Based Learning; Students; Universities
PubMed: 34937301
DOI: 10.4103/efh.EfH_258_20 -
Journal of Renal Nutrition : the... Nov 2021
The World Kidney Recipes: Teaming up to Empower Patients, Care-Partners, Dietitians, and Chefs With Culinary Creativity and Multicultural Diversity in Renal Nutrition and Dietetics.
Topics: Dietetics; Humans; Kidney; Nutritional Status; Nutritionists
PubMed: 34503901
DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2021.08.007 -
Journal of Human Nutrition and... Dec 2023Dietitians (RDs) are well-positioned to promote sustainable food systems and diets. This research aims to review the literature for how RDs in Canada define... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dietitians (RDs) are well-positioned to promote sustainable food systems and diets. This research aims to review the literature for how RDs in Canada define sustainability and determine the types of relevant activities that exist in practice as described in published literature.
METHODS
Using standardised scoping review methods, researchers searched CINAHL, ACASP, PubMed and ENVCOM databases to identify peer-reviewed articles and conducted a grey literature search to locate other publications related to sustainability in Canadian dietetic practice. Qualitative, thematic coding methods were used to examine definitions and existing practice. The PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guided reporting.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 1059 documents and, after screening, 11 peer-reviewed and 16 grey literature documents remained. Ten unique definitions were used, the most common being Sustainable Diets. Definitions were multidimensional, including environmental, social, economic and health dimensions, and 31 unique subtopics. However, existing practice activities appear to reduce actions to one to two dimensions. Existing practice areas well-reflected include Food and Nutrition Expertise, Management and Leadership, Food Provision and Population Health Promotion. Notable gaps include action in Professionalism and Ethics and Nutrition Care.
CONCLUSIONS
No single definition supports all professional contexts, and agency in choice of language to define the work is helpful for contextual clarity. Strengthening practitioners' ability to analyse issues using systems thinking and applying this in practice will help to address challenges and reduce risks of trade-offs. Updates to competency standards that reflect the breadth of existing activities, as well as curricular supports or practice standards, are needed.
Topics: Humans; Dietetics; Canada; Health Promotion; Food
PubMed: 37565587
DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13227 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Aug 2019
Topics: Academies and Institutes; Dietetics; Ethics, Institutional; Financial Support; Humans; Nutritional Sciences; United States
PubMed: 30232060
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098642 -
Nutrition Reviews Dec 2020The strengths and limitations of current approaches to clinical nutrition practice and their underpinning research are explored in this article. It describes how a...
The strengths and limitations of current approaches to clinical nutrition practice and their underpinning research are explored in this article. It describes how a personalized nutrition practice approach supported by evidence-based pathophysiological reasoning could direct additional research, which could then transform practice and support food industry developments. Current use of the term "personalized nutrition" is reviewed and a definition is provided. Also explored are current approaches to personalized nutrition practice and evidence-based practice in clinical nutrition. Patient-centered practice, which involves individuals in their healthcare decisions, is currently being provided under the name "personalized." An evidence-based personalized practice approach should include the use of robust, standardized, and validated tools that gather a patient's signs and symptoms, health history, family history, genetics, environment, lifestyle, social life, diet, behavior and other factors that have an impact on physiological processes. It should also gather anthropometric measures as well as functional, diagnostic, and prognostic biomarkers for pathophysiological mechanisms. Such tools would pool nā=ā1 data into a case-by-case evidence base that uses computational network modelling to predict the efficacy of personalized nutrition interventions. Prediction of the efficacy of interventions should also be validated using, when possible, blinded, randomized, controlled, stratified intervention studies. This model would provide practitioners with data that support evidence-based pathophysiological reasoning. It would enable clinicians to prioritize interventions on the basis of the mechanisms of action of interventions and to ameliorate the mechanisms of pathophysiology, which are a priority for the individual. Interventions then may be applied using a patient-centered practice approach. This would transform evidence-based nutrition practice into a P4 medicine approach that is personalized, preventive, predictive, and participatory. Developing pathophysiological mechanistic understanding also provides new opportunities for stakeholders, including the food industry, researchers, healthcare practitioners, and consumers.
Topics: Diet; Dietetics; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans; Life Style; Nutritional Status; Nutritionists; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 32289828
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa012 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Dec 2022Current treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults are limited by lack of response and side effects in about one third of the individuals.... (Review)
Review
Current treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults are limited by lack of response and side effects in about one third of the individuals. Changes towards a healthier lifestyle could have a positive impact beyond the relief of specific symptoms. However, it is not clear if nutritional interventions influence mental health and cognition. The objective of this study was to summarize the available literature addressing the impact of different diets in ADHD. The most promising dietetic approaches in ADHD are diets considered to be healthy (Mediterranean-type; DASH) and the Few-Foods Diet for children. Studies should take into account the presence of multiple confounders, biases associated with difficulties in blinding participants and researchers, and search for possible mechanisms of action, so we can have better evidence to guide clinical mental care of adults with ADHD.
Topics: Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Diet; Dietetics; Humans
PubMed: 35964708
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110613