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Der Orthopade Nov 2019Gastroenterological and rheumatological diseases often have a systemic character, with disease manifestations beyond the area affected by the disease. Common... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Gastroenterological and rheumatological diseases often have a systemic character, with disease manifestations beyond the area affected by the disease. Common disease-relevant pathophysiological pathways, e.g. chronic inflammation, may present primarily as rheumatological or gastroenterological disease. Knowledge of disease-specific symptoms and signs beyond one's own area of expertise my lead to an earlier and more precise diagnosis, with the chance of a more focused therapy.
AIM
The aim of this overview is to sensitize orthopedists as well as rheumatologists to gastroenterological signs and symptoms and give them a clinical guide to approaching an interdisciplinary patient. Targeted, clinically relevant questions are discussed and common disease entities are presented.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Gastroenterology; Humans; Inflammation; Rheumatic Diseases; Rheumatology
PubMed: 31686154
DOI: 10.1007/s00132-019-03817-3 -
European Journal of Internal Medicine Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Liver Diseases; Digestive System Diseases
PubMed: 36635130
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.12.017 -
AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance; Rectal Neoplasms; Digestive System Diseases
PubMed: 37255039
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.23.29568 -
Pediatric Annals Aug 2021Since its initial onset in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread quickly across the globe, resulting in the potentially... (Review)
Review
Since its initial onset in 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread quickly across the globe, resulting in the potentially life-threatening respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although less commonly reported, COVID-19 has also been associated with gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations, which may occur more frequently in children. This has also led to concern about the susceptibility of children to the SARS-CoV-2 virus who have underlying chronic digestive disease and may be treated with immune suppression. As such, recommendations and expert consensus regarding the management of chronic gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary disease have been of great interest during the pandemic and international database reporting has informed our understanding. The impact of COVID-19 on the gastrointestinal tract and its influence on the management of pediatric digestive disease is reviewed in this article. .
Topics: COVID-19; Child; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34398713
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20210721-02 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Mar 2021Acute and chronic gastrointestinal problems are common in the setting of excessive alcohol use, and excessive alcohol use is associated with injury to all parts of the... (Review)
Review
Acute and chronic gastrointestinal problems are common in the setting of excessive alcohol use, and excessive alcohol use is associated with injury to all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. There is mounting evidence of gastrointestinal injury and increased cancer risk even from moderate alcohol consumption. The major causes of alcohol-related morbidity and mortality within the gastrointestinal system are liver disease, pancreatitis and gastrointestinal cancer. Other alcohol-related intestinal dysfunction is common but not life-threatening, leading to diarrhoea, malabsorption and nutritional deficiencies. This review describes non-neoplastic and neoplastic alcohol-related disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, omitting the liver, which has been reviewed elsewhere.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Digestive System Diseases; Ethanol; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 32511812
DOI: 10.1111/add.15147 -
JAAPA : Official Journal of the... May 2023Fecal impaction is a common digestive disorder and is considered an acute complication of chronic and untreated constipation. Generally, the factors responsible for...
Fecal impaction is a common digestive disorder and is considered an acute complication of chronic and untreated constipation. Generally, the factors responsible for fecal impaction are similar to those associated with constipation. Early identification and treatment minimize complications and patient discomfort. Common treatment options to address fecal impaction of the rectum include manual disimpaction or fragmentation, the use of distal and/or proximal softening or washout procedures such as enemas and suppositories, and oral or nasogastric tube placement for the administration of polyethylene glycol solutions containing electrolytes. In severe cases, surgical intervention is necessary. Post-treatment evaluation should include a colonic evaluation by flexible sigmoidoscopy, a colonoscopy, or a barium enema after the fecal impaction resolves. Following treatment, conduct an evaluation of causes and create a preventive therapy plan.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Fecal Impaction; Constipation; Polyethylene Glycols; Enema; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 37043720
DOI: 10.1097/01.JAA.0000923532.69484.95 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Aug 2021Congenital myenteric hypoganglionosis is a rare developmental disorder characterized clinically by severe and persistent neonatal intestinal pseudoobstruction. The...
Congenital myenteric hypoganglionosis is a rare developmental disorder characterized clinically by severe and persistent neonatal intestinal pseudoobstruction. The diagnosis is established by the prevalence of small myenteric ganglia composed of closely spaced ganglion cells with sparse surrounding neuropil. In practice, the diagnosis entails familiarity with the normal appearance of myenteric ganglia in young infants and the ability to confidently recognize significant deviations in ganglion size and morphology. We review clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical findings from 12 patients with congenital myenteric hypoganglionosis in comparison with similar data from age-matched controls and clearly delineate the diagnostic features of the condition. Practical guidelines are provided to assist surgical pathologists, who are likely to encounter this condition only infrequently. The diagnosis typically requires full-thickness intestinal biopsy as the abnormality is confined to the myenteric plexus in many patients. Immunohistochemistry for Hu C/D may be used to confirm hypoganglionosis. Reduced staining for calretinin and NeuN implicates a selective deficiency of intrinsic primary afferent neurons in this disease.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Colonic Diseases; Digestive System Abnormalities; Female; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction; Male; Myenteric Plexus; Neurons
PubMed: 33492848
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000001670 -
Journal of Visceral Surgery Mar 2022
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 35123907
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2022.01.004 -
Current Gastroenterology Reports Aug 2019This review presents an overview of the diagnostic approach to esophageal dysphagia and summarizes recent epidemiological trends and technical advancements. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review presents an overview of the diagnostic approach to esophageal dysphagia and summarizes recent epidemiological trends and technical advancements.
RECENT FINDINGS
The evaluation of dysphagia begins with a detailed history followed by endoscopy to evaluate for any structural abnormalities including malignancy. This is especially true given the emergence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) as a dominant cause of esophageal dysphagia. In fact, it is now standard practice to obtain esophageal biopsies during endoscopy performed to evaluate dysphagia, since EoE can present without the characteristic mucosal features of rings, furrows, and exudate. Achalasia is also more frequently encountered since the introduction of high-resolution manometry (HRM) and the Chicago Classification into clinical practice. The Chicago Classification provides a stepwise diagnostic algorithm for evaluating HRM studies and systematically diagnosing esophageal motility disorders. Lastly, the functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) is a novel technology that has added insight into both achalasia and EoE. Measuring esophageal distensibility with FLIP has useful prognostic implications for both diseases, and FLIP can identify motility abnormalities in achalasics not detected with HRM. A careful history is key to the efficient evaluation of dysphagia, and endoscopy is usually the first diagnostic study to obtain. For patients with prominent reflux symptoms, an empiric trial with proton pump inhibitors is reasonable then because reflux disease is such a common cause of dysphagia. Thereafter, patients should undergo HRM to evaluate for a motility disorder, and FLIP can provide complementary data to guide management.
Topics: Algorithms; Deglutition Disorders; Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Esophageal Neoplasms; Humans; Physical Examination
PubMed: 31432250
DOI: 10.1007/s11894-019-0718-1 -
Seminars in Pediatric Surgery Aug 2020This issue of Seminars in Pediatric Surgery reviews leading topics in pediatric hepatobiliary surgery where controversy exists and provides a learning resource to the...
This issue of Seminars in Pediatric Surgery reviews leading topics in pediatric hepatobiliary surgery where controversy exists and provides a learning resource to the subject.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases
PubMed: 32861454
DOI: 10.1016/j.sempedsurg.2020.150944