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Clinical Gastroenterology and... Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Transgender Persons; Digestive System Diseases; Liver Diseases; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37625866
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2023.06.008 -
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders... 2021The food industry is constantly shifting focus based on prebiotics as health-promoting substrates rather than just food supplements. A prebiotic is "a selectively... (Review)
Review
The food industry is constantly shifting focus based on prebiotics as health-promoting substrates rather than just food supplements. A prebiotic is "a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health." Prebiotics exert a plethora of health-promoting effects, which has lead to the establishment of multimillion food and pharma industries. The following are the health benefits attributed to prebiotics: mineral absorption, better immune response, increased resistance to bacterial infection, improved lipid metabolism, possible protection against cancer, relief from poor digestion of lactose, and reduction in the risk of diseases such as intestinal disease, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity and allergy. Numerous studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated the health benefits of prebiotics.
Topics: Animals; Carbohydrates; Dietary Carbohydrates; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Neoplasms; Oligosaccharides; Prebiotics
PubMed: 32990546
DOI: 10.2174/1871530320666200929140522 -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Liver Diseases; Digestive System Diseases
PubMed: 35753068
DOI: 10.1002/hep.32639 -
Journal of Hepatology May 2024Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide. Progress towards a definitive cure has been incremental and treatment is... (Review)
Review
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide. Progress towards a definitive cure has been incremental and treatment is currently limited to lifestyle modification. Hepatocyte-specific lipid accumulation is the main trigger of lipotoxic events, driving inflammation and fibrosis. The underlying pathology is extraordinarily heterogenous, and the manifestations of steatohepatitis are markedly influenced by metabolic communications across non-hepatic organs. Synthetic human tissue models have emerged as powerful platforms to better capture the mechanistic diversity in disease progression, while preserving person-specific genetic traits. In this review, we will outline current research efforts focused on integrating multiple synthetic tissue models of key metabolic organs, with an emphasis on organoid-based systems. By combining functional genomics and population-scale en masse profiling methodologies, human tissues derived from patients can provide insights into personalised genetic, transcriptional, biochemical, and metabolic states. These collective efforts will advance our understanding of steatohepatitis and guide the development of rational solutions for mechanism-directed diagnostic and therapeutic investigation.
Topics: Humans; Gastroenterology; Liver Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Fatty Liver; Organoids
PubMed: 38237864
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.01.002 -
Gastroenterology Sep 2019
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 31306632
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.07.010 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Nov 2021There are a variety of gastrointestinal pathologies that may be emergently identified in the patient who chronically uses alcohol or other substances. Patients may... (Review)
Review
There are a variety of gastrointestinal pathologies that may be emergently identified in the patient who chronically uses alcohol or other substances. Patients may present to an Emergency Department with abdominal complaints existing on a spectrum from vague and benign to systemically toxic and potentially life-threatening. This article highlights ethanol, opioids, and other common substances of abuse and how they may contribute to gastrointestinal complaints.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Digestive System Diseases; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 34600640
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.07.006 -
Helicobacter Sep 2020The involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection in many extra-gastroduodenal manifestations remains a fascinating field of investigation. However, for several of these... (Review)
Review
The involvement of Helicobacter pylori infection in many extra-gastroduodenal manifestations remains a fascinating field of investigation. However, for several of these supposed associations, the potential pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. The present review highlights the main associations of H pylori with extra-gastroduodenal manifestations reported during the last year. We searched for the most relevant studies on this topic, published between April 2019 and March 2020, identified using the term "Helicobacter" in the MEDLINE/Pubmed database. Consistent data emerged from studies investigating metabolic syndrome and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. Other reported fields of investigation were hepatology, especially focused on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, neurology, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, as well as dermatology. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), that comprises Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, may originate from a dysregulation of the host's immune response to commensal bacteria in individuals with genetic predisposition. The reduction of biodiversity and other specific imbalances in the faecal microbiome composition of IBD patients compared to that of healthy controls support this hypothesis. In this context, an inverse correlation between H pylori infection and IBD prevalence has been confirmed. Similar results were found in patients with kidney diseases and allergic manifestations. There are indications of the possible involvement of H pylori infection in metabolic syndrome and ischaemic cardiovascular diseases. However, due to a series of factors linked to study designs and the multifactorial pathogenesis of some diseases, further studies are needed.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Digestive System Diseases; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Prevalence
PubMed: 32918343
DOI: 10.1111/hel.12741 -
Expert Review of Gastroenterology &... Jan 2022With the progress of science and technology, artificial intelligence represented by deep learning has gradually begun to be applied in the medical field. Artificial... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
With the progress of science and technology, artificial intelligence represented by deep learning has gradually begun to be applied in the medical field. Artificial intelligence has been applied to benign gastrointestinal lesions, tumors, early cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, gallbladder, pancreas, and other diseases. This review summarizes the latest research results on artificial intelligence in digestive endoscopy and discusses the prospect of artificial intelligence in digestive system diseases.
AREAS COVERED
We retrieved relevant documents on artificial intelligence in digestive tract diseases from PubMed and Medline. This review elaborates on the knowledge of computer-aided diagnosis in digestive endoscopy.
EXPERT OPINION
Artificial intelligence significantly improves diagnostic accuracy, reduces physicians' workload, and provides a shred of evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Shortly, artificial intelligence will have high application value in the field of medicine.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Digestive System Diseases; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 34937459
DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2020646 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Oct 2023Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological... (Review)
Review
Digestive system diseases (DSD) are very complex conditions that severely threaten human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new pharmacological treatment strategies. Irisin, a myokine discovered in 2012, is produced by fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), which is a transmembrane protein. Irisin is involved in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue, the regulation of energy metabolism, and the improvement of insulin resistance. Irisin is also an essential mediator of the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis. Recent studies have proved that irisin concentration is altered in DSD and exerts pivotal effects on the initiation, progression, and prognosis of these diseases through various mechanisms. Therefore, studying the expression and function of irisin may have great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of DSD. Here, we focus on irisin and explore the multiple molecular pathways targeted by irisin therapy. This review indicates that irisin can serve as a diagnostic marker or potential therapeutic agent for DSD. DATA AVAILABILITY: Not applicable.
Topics: Humans; Fibronectins; Digestive System Diseases; Adipose Tissue, White; Apoptosis; Cognition; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 37625325
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115347 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Mar 2024Although digestive system disease affects gut microbiota and their metabolites associated with dementia risk, the association between digestive system diseases and...
INTRODUCTION
Although digestive system disease affects gut microbiota and their metabolites associated with dementia risk, the association between digestive system diseases and incident dementia has not yet been established.
METHODS
This cohort analysis included 458,181 participants free of baseline dementia in the UK Biobank (2006-2021). The associations of 14 digestive system diseases with dementia incidence were examined in 2022 using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Analyses were performed to differentiate the associations for early-onset (age <65 years) and late-onset (age ≥65 years) dementia. Interaction and stratification analyses were performed for polygenic risk score and APOE.
RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 6,415 incident dementia cases were diagnosed. Eleven digestive system diseases showed significant associations with an increased risk of dementia after controlling for covariates and multiple testing. Compared with hazard ratios for individuals without digestive system diseases, the hazard ratios of dementia increased from 1.15 (95% confidence interval=1.09, 1.23) for patients with intestinal diverticular disease to 2.31 (95% confidence interval=1.98, 2.70) for patients with cirrhosis. The associations were different between certain digestive system diseases and dementia by onset age. The associations appeared to be stronger for cirrhosis (Q=0.001), irritable bowel syndrome (Q<0.001), gastritis and duodenitis (Q=0.002), gastroesophageal reflux disease (Q<0.001), ulcerative colitis (Q=0.047), gallbladder disease (Q=0.012), and peptic ulcer (Q=0.030) with early-onset dementia. There were no interactions for polygenic risk score or APOE (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest an increased need for dementia prevention among patients with digestive system diseases.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Dementia; Prospective Studies; Cohort Studies; Risk Factors; Digestive System Diseases; Liver Cirrhosis; Genetic Risk Score; Apolipoproteins E
PubMed: 37918457
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.10.017