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Korean Journal of Radiology Sep 2019Pediatric hepatobiliary imaging is important for evaluation of not only congenital or structural disease but also metabolic or diffuse parenchymal disease and tumors. A... (Review)
Review
Pediatric hepatobiliary imaging is important for evaluation of not only congenital or structural disease but also metabolic or diffuse parenchymal disease and tumors. A variety of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques can be used for these assessments. In ultrasonography, conventional ultrasound imaging as well as vascular imaging, elastography, and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can be used, while in MRI, fat quantification, T2/T2* mapping, diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance elastography, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI can be performed. These techniques may be helpful for evaluation of biliary atresia, hepatic fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, and hepatic masses in children. In this review, we discuss each tool in the context of management of hepatobiliary disease in children, and cover various imaging techniques in the context of the relevant physics and their clinical applications for patient care.
Topics: Biliary Atresia; Child; Contrast Media; Digestive System Diseases; Hemangioma; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 31464113
DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2019.0002 -
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Sep 2022Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms... (Review)
Review
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
Topics: COVID-19; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Organoids; Precision Medicine; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 36167824
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6 -
Anti-inflammatory & Anti-allergy Agents... 2023Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), is a continuously increasing healthcare problem mainly characterized by... (Review)
Review
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), including Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), is a continuously increasing healthcare problem mainly characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation. The common symptoms of UC and CD include inflammation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bleeding, and weight loss. IBD is generally caused by an interaction between genetic and environmental or microbial factors that influence the body's immune response and is responsible for digestive disorders and inflammation of the intestinal tract. However, a complete understanding of the pathophysiology and work-up of IBD is necessary to ensure appropriate treatment for the management of this complex disease. This review enlightens herbal therapeutics and drug delivery systems for the management of IBD, and thus provides new insights into this field and facilitates access to new treatments.
Topics: Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Crohn Disease; Colitis, Ulcerative; Inflammation
PubMed: 37497699
DOI: 10.2174/1871523022666230727094250 -
Microenvironment of pancreatic inflammation: calling for nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment.Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nov 2023Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and life-threatening digestive disorder. However, its diagnosis and treatment are still impeded by our limited understanding of its... (Review)
Review
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and life-threatening digestive disorder. However, its diagnosis and treatment are still impeded by our limited understanding of its etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations, as well as by the available detection methods. Fortunately, the progress of microenvironment-targeted nanoplatforms has shown their remarkable potential to change the status quo. The pancreatic inflammatory microenvironment is typically characterized by low pH, abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enzymes, overproduction of inflammatory cells, and hypoxia, which exacerbate the pathological development of AP but also provide potential targeting sites for nanoagents to achieve early diagnosis and treatment. This review elaborates the various potential targets of the inflammatory microenvironment of AP and summarizes in detail the prospects for the development and application of functional nanomaterials for specific targets. Additionally, it presents the challenges and future trends to develop multifunctional targeted nanomaterials for the early diagnosis and effective treatment of AP, providing a valuable reference for future research.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Acute Disease; Nanotechnology; Reactive Oxygen Species; Inflammation
PubMed: 37996911
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02200-x -
Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine :... Oct 2019Since its introduction, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has gained an important role in the diagnosis and management of abdominal and pelvic diseases.... (Review)
Review
Since its introduction, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has gained an important role in the diagnosis and management of abdominal and pelvic diseases. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can improve lesion detection rates as well as success rates of interventional procedures when compared to conventional ultrasound alone. Additionally, CEUS enables the interventionalist to assess the dynamic enhancement of different tissues and lesions, without the adverse effects of contrast-enhanced computed tomography, such as exposure to ionizing radiation and nephrotoxicity from iodinated contrast material. This review article describes the various applications and advantages of the use of CEUS to enhance performance of ultrasound-guided interventions in the abdomen and pelvis.
Topics: Abdomen; Contrast Media; Digestive System Diseases; Female; Female Urogenital Diseases; Humans; Image Enhancement; Male; Male Urogenital Diseases; Pelvis; Splenic Diseases; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 30714653
DOI: 10.1002/jum.14955 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Digestive system diseases remain a formidable challenge to human health. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most... (Review)
Review
Digestive system diseases remain a formidable challenge to human health. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most characteristic multimeric protein complex and is involved in a wide range of digestive diseases as intracellular innate immune sensors. It has emerged as a research hotspot in recent years. In this context, we provide a comprehensive review of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases, including clinical and preclinical studies. Moreover, the scientific evidence of small-molecule chemical drugs, biologics, and phytochemicals, which acts on different steps of the NLRP3 inflammasome, is reviewed. Above all, deep interrogation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a better insight of the pathomechanism of digestive diseases. We believe that the NLRP3 inflammasome will hold promise as a novel valuable target and research direction for treating digestive disorders.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Phytochemicals; Digestive System Diseases
PubMed: 36389791
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978190 -
La Revue de Medecine Interne Apr 2020Cholesterol crystal embolism is a systemic pathology associated with diffuse atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology corresponds to tissue necro-inflammation secondary to... (Review)
Review
Cholesterol crystal embolism is a systemic pathology associated with diffuse atherosclerosis. Pathophysiology corresponds to tissue necro-inflammation secondary to arteriolar occlusion associated with microembolism from atherosclerotic plaques of large diameter arteries. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous and polymorphic. Multiple organs may be the targets, but preferential damage is skin, kidneys and digestive system. It is a serious pathology, underdiagnosed, with a poor prognosis. The risk factors for developing the disease remain the same risk factors as atheroma. The factors favouring migration of microembolism remain mainly vascular interventional procedures; easy to diagnose, they oppose spontaneous embolic migrations or secondary to the introduction of antithrombotic treatment, whose diagnosis is more difficult and the prognosis more severe. The diagnosis of the disease remains mostly a diagnosis of elimination and often refers to a bundle of clinical, biological, morphological and histologic arguments. The treatment is poorly codified and the subject of few publications. It will favour both symptomatic treatment (and mainly that of pain) and complications (high blood pressure, renal insufficiency). The aetiological support remains less consensual. The treatment of atherosclerotic plaques consists, of course, in the correction of classical cardiovascular risk factors, the introduction of a statin. It will be discussed in the implementation of surgery or angioplasty to exclude potentially responsible atherosclerotic lesions. Eviction of antithrombotic therapy should be considered in terms of the benefit-risk balance, but often in favour of maintaining it. Finally, other treatments may be proposed in a case-by-case basis, such as oral or intravenous corticosteroid therapy, colchicine or LDL aphaeresis.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Crystallization; Digestive System Diseases; Embolism, Cholesterol; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypertension; Prognosis; Renal Insufficiency; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 32088097
DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2020.02.002 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Jan 2020
Topics: Biomedical Research; Digestive System Diseases; Gastroenterology; Humans; Publishing
PubMed: 31706059
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.007 -
Gastroenterology Clinics of North... Dec 2022Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic digestive disorder that greatly diminishes the quality of life and is associated with significant psychological distress. A best... (Review)
Review
Chronic pancreatitis is a chronic digestive disorder that greatly diminishes the quality of life and is associated with significant psychological distress. A best practice recommendation in treating chronic pancreatitis is offering care in a multidisciplinary model that includes access to a behavioral health provider among other medical professionals. Behavioral interventions for patients with chronic pancreatitis have promise to improve the management of pain, comorbid psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life. If surgical interventions such as a total pancreatectomy islet autotransplant are considered, evaluating and mitigating psychosocial risk factors may aid the selection of appropriate candidates.
Topics: Humans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Pancreatectomy; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 36375997
DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2022.07.006 -
Emergency Medicine Clinics of North... Nov 2021Abdominal pain represents 5% to 7% of all emergency department presentations. Many patients require imaging for diagnosis, and choosing the appropriate imaging modality... (Review)
Review
Abdominal pain represents 5% to 7% of all emergency department presentations. Many patients require imaging for diagnosis, and choosing the appropriate imaging modality is a crucial decision point. Modern medicine offers a fantastic array of options including abdominal radiograph, computed tomography, MRI, and ultrasonography, but the plethora of alternatives can be paralyzing. This article introduces the commonly available modalities, discusses the advantages and disadvantages, and presents current recommendations for commonly diagnosed conditions.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Pain; Aortic Aneurysm; Digestive System Diseases; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Mesenteric Ischemia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic
PubMed: 34600635
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2021.07.007