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World Journal of Gastroenterology May 2022Given the breakthroughs in key technologies, such as image recognition, deep learning and neural networks, artificial intelligence (AI) continues to be increasingly... (Review)
Review
Given the breakthroughs in key technologies, such as image recognition, deep learning and neural networks, artificial intelligence (AI) continues to be increasingly developed, leading to closer and deeper integration with an increasingly data-, knowledge- and brain labor-intensive medical industry. As society continues to advance and individuals become more aware of their health needs, the problems associated with the aging of the population are receiving increasing attention, and there is an urgent demand for improving medical technology, prolonging human life and enhancing health. Digestive system diseases are the most common clinical diseases and are characterized by complex clinical manifestations and a general lack of obvious symptoms in the early stage. Such diseases are very difficult to diagnose and treat. In recent years, the incidence of diseases of the digestive system has increased. As AI applications in the field of health care continue to be developed, AI has begun playing an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the digestive system. In this paper, the application of AI in assisted diagnosis and the application and prospects of AI in malignant and benign digestive system diseases are reviewed.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Deep Learning; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Neural Networks, Computer
PubMed: 35721881
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i20.2152 -
Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) Oct 2021Organoid culture systems have emerged as a frontier technology in liver and biliary research. These three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures derived from pluripotent and... (Review)
Review
Organoid culture systems have emerged as a frontier technology in liver and biliary research. These three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures derived from pluripotent and adult hepatobiliary cells model organ structure and function. Building on gastrointestinal organoid establishment, hepatobiliary organoid cultures were generated from mouse leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5-positive liver progenitor cells. Subsequently, 3D hepatobiliary organoid cultures were developed from hepatocytes and cholangiocytes to model human and animal hepatobiliary health and disease. Hepatocyte organoids have been used to study Alagille syndrome, fatty liver disease, Wilson disease, hepatitis B viral infection, and cystic fibrosis. Cholangiocyte organoids have been established to study normal cholangiocyte biology and primary sclerosing cholangitis and to test organoid potential to form bile ducts and gallbladder tissue in vitro. Hepatobiliary cancer organoids, termed tumoroids, have been established from frozen and fresh human tissues and used as a drug-testing platform and for biobanking of cancer samples. CRISPR-based gene modifications and organoid exposure to infectious agents have permitted the generation of organoid models of carcinogenesis. This review summarizes currently available adult cell-derived hepatobiliary organoid models and their applications. Challenges faced by this young technology will be discussed, including the cellular immaturity of organoid-derived hepatocytes, co-culture development to better model complex tissue structure, the imperfection of extracellular matrices, and the absence of standardized protocols and model validation.
Topics: Animals; Digestive System Diseases; Gastroenterology; Humans; Models, Biological; Organoids
PubMed: 33638203
DOI: 10.1002/hep.31772 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... May 2023The gastric mucosal immune system is a unique immune organ independent of systemic immunity that not only maintains nutrient absorption but also plays a role in... (Review)
Review
The gastric mucosal immune system is a unique immune organ independent of systemic immunity that not only maintains nutrient absorption but also plays a role in resisting the external environment. Gastric mucosal immune disorder leads to a series of gastric mucosal diseases, including autoimmune gastritis (AIG)-related diseases, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced diseases, and various types of gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, understanding the role of gastric mucosal immune homeostasis in gastric mucosal protection and the relationship between mucosal immunity and gastric mucosal diseases is very important. This review focuses on the protective effect of gastric mucosal immune homeostasis on the gastric mucosa, as well as multiple gastric mucosal diseases caused by gastric immune disorders. We hope to offer new prospects for the prevention and treatment of gastric mucosal diseases.
Topics: Humans; Gastric Mucosa; Gastritis; Stomach Neoplasms; Autoimmune Diseases; Homeostasis; Helicobacter pylori; Helicobacter Infections
PubMed: 36905807
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114338 -
Medicine Jan 2023The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted worldwide attention. There were also reported gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has attracted worldwide attention. There were also reported gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19. This work aims to analyze the global research trends in COVID-19 and digestive disease.
METHODS
The related papers on COVID-19 and digestive disease were identified with Pubmed and web of science core collection on September 3, 2021. Bibliometric visualization was conducted through VOSviewer and CiteSpace.
RESULTS
The analytic research was based on original articles and reviews. There were 997 articles found, with citations ranging from 0 to 878. These articles were distributed among 86 countries and 355 journals. The USA mainly contributed (288 articles), where 3 of the top 10 institutions were located. Followed by China (215 articles) and Italy (160 articles). The highest level of scientific collaboration has been formed between the USA to China. The World Journal of Gastroenterology (39 papers) published the most significant number of articles. Concerning the research topic, the colon/small bowel had the largest number of articles, followed by the liver and pancreaticobiliary. "Liver injury," "inflammatory bowel disease," "management," and "endoscopy" were the hotspot keywords. The largest cluster of liver transplantation had offered hints regarding research frontiers.
CONCLUSION
The analytic results showed that the liver, especially liver transplantation, and inflammatory bowel disease were the 2 most influential research topics in COVID-19 and digestive disease.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Digestive System Diseases; Bibliometrics; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 36701709
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000032705 -
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2020Nutrition has been neglected for a long time as an important factor in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases, but also in the treatment, despite Hippocrates long ago... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nutrition has been neglected for a long time as an important factor in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases, but also in the treatment, despite Hippocrates long ago insisted "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food."
SUMMARY
New insights into the importance of nutrition in the emergence of disease, and especially in the field of prevention of diseases of the digestive tract, impose the need to pay special attention to the nutrition field. The goal of nutrition as one of the focuses of European Association on Gastroenterology, Endoscopy and Nutrition (EAGEN) activities means awareness of the importance and the goal of making nutrition knowledge a part of comprehensive gastroenterologist's continuous education. All the above arguments directed the EAGEN to have nutrition (N) - in the name of the organization - acronym, on an equal basis with clinical gastroenterology (G) and endoscopy (E). Key Messages: "Nomen est omen" - The name is a sign, the name speaks for itself; that is, the best explanation for a name change in the fifth decade of organization's existence and activity, such as pointing to the direction of future activities and priorities.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Endoscopy; Gastroenterologists; Gastroenterology; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 31851966
DOI: 10.1159/000505288 -
Advances in Surgery Sep 2019
Review
Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Appendicitis; Cholecystitis, Acute; Digestive System Diseases; Emergencies; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Intestinal Obstruction; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Radiography; Ultrasonography, Prenatal
PubMed: 31327444
DOI: 10.1016/j.yasu.2019.04.008 -
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition... Sep 2021There has been a deluge of scientific data since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported. The effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system are now...
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There has been a deluge of scientific data since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported. The effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system are now increasingly well understood. This article aims to review the current data on the effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system with particular emphasis on preexisting digestive diseases and its implications on nutrition practices.
RECENT FINDINGS
Evidence has shown that Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus affects the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, pancreas and hepatobiliary system resulting in different GI manifestations. Several preexisting digestive diseases have been investigated. These studies have revealed that these special patient population groups are generally not at an increased risk to contract COVID-19, but are susceptible to develop increasing severity of disease. Aside from medical therapy, optimizing nutritional care has a beneficial role in this group of patients.
SUMMARY
GI manifestations of COVID-19 in addition to preexisting digestive diseases have an impact on patient's nutrition. Digestion, absorption and transport of nutrients may be impaired. To date, there are no existing guidelines on the nutritional management of patients for this particular at-risk group. Most nutrition practices are based only on observations and clinical experience. Basic prepandemic nutrition care principles are primarily followed but often individualized based on clinical judgment.
Topics: COVID-19; Digestive System; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Nutritional Status; Nutritional Support; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34334686
DOI: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000785 -
Clinics and Research in Hepatology and... Sep 20202019 novel coronavirus pneumonia is a serious life-threatening disease and it has affected many people globally, especially the people who live in China. A high... (Review)
Review
2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia is a serious life-threatening disease and it has affected many people globally, especially the people who live in China. A high prevalence of hepatobiliary diseases has been observed in 2019-nCoV patients and some may require emergency surgery. In the context of the novel coronavirus pneumonia, new challenges have arisen for surgeons in terms of ways to effectively treat outpatients, safety of medical staffs in performing surgery treatment, and the lack of efficient postoperative management and follow-up procedure. It is hoped that through this article, surgeons will have a better system in hepatobiliary diseases classification, treatment selection, and protective measures to improve the clinical practice in accordance with the guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Digestive System Diseases; Elective Surgical Procedures; Humans; Lactones; Pandemics; Patient Selection; Perioperative Care; Pneumonia, Viral; Postoperative Care; SARS-CoV-2; Sesquiterpenes; Telemedicine; Triage
PubMed: 32540142
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2020.04.021 -
Digestive Endoscopy : Official Journal... Nov 2019Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are integrated in a single-step delivery platform and can be deployed under endoscopic ultrasound-guidance for the drainage of... (Review)
Review
Lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) are integrated in a single-step delivery platform and can be deployed under endoscopic ultrasound-guidance for the drainage of intra-abdominal fluid collections, decompression of obstructed ductal systems, establishment of anastomosis or creation of fistulous tracts between organs that can facilitate further endoscopic interventions if required. A unique feature of LAMS is their ability to approximate the adjoining structures, thereby minimizing the potential for leak and perforation. Consequently, the innovation has advanced our ability to carry out complex therapeutic interventions and obviate the need for high-risk surgical procedures, particularly in morbid patients. However, a keen awareness of the technical design of LAMS and its implication on treatment effect is important to minimize adverse events and to improve clinical outcomes. This review outlines the technical approach to placement of LAMS, procedural challenges, adverse events, current clinical indications and emerging applications.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Digestive System Diseases; Drainage; Endosonography; Humans; Stents; Surgery, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 31050068
DOI: 10.1111/den.13428 -
The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon Jan 2021Organ systems do not exist in a vacuum. However, in an era of increasingly specialized medicine, the focus is often on the organ system alone. Many symptoms are... (Review)
Review
Organ systems do not exist in a vacuum. However, in an era of increasingly specialized medicine, the focus is often on the organ system alone. Many symptoms are associated with differential diagnoses from upper gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular medical and surgical specialties. Furthermore, a large number of rare but deadly conditions cross paths between the upper GI tract and cardiovascular system; a significant proportion of these are iatrogenic injuries from a parallel specialty. These include unusual fistulae, herniae, and embolisms that transcend specialties. This review highlights these conditions and the shared anatomy and embryology of the two organ systems.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Digestive System; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Morphogenesis; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31756748
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700886