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Frontiers in Physiology 2023The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction. It is delineated by a protein-rich structure known as the Z-disk, alternating with M-bands. The... (Review)
Review
The sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of muscle contraction. It is delineated by a protein-rich structure known as the Z-disk, alternating with M-bands. The Z-disk anchors the actin-rich thin filaments and plays a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical stability of the cardiac muscle. A multitude of proteins interact with each other at the Z-disk and they regulate the mechanical properties of the thin filaments. Over the past 2 decades, the role of the Z-disk in cardiac muscle contraction has been assessed widely, however, the impact of genetic variants in Z-disk proteins has still not been fully elucidated. This review discusses the various Z-disk proteins (alpha-actinin, filamin C, titin, muscle LIM protein, telethonin, myopalladin, nebulette, and nexilin) and Z-disk-associated proteins (desmin, and obscurin) and their role in cardiac structural stability and intracellular signaling. This review further explores how genetic variants of Z-disk proteins are linked to inherited cardiac conditions termed cardiomyopathies.
PubMed: 36935760
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1143858 -
International Ophthalmology Clinics 2019
Review
Topics: Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Intracranial Pressure; Optic Disk; Papilledema
PubMed: 31233413
DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000274 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Retina; Optic Disk Drusen
PubMed: 37530259
DOI: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_3019_22 -
Retinal Cases & Brief Reports Jan 2024To report a case of peripapillary subretinal fluid associated with a ridge-shaped morphology surrounding the optic disk, which we termed ridge-shaped peripapilla.
PURPOSE
To report a case of peripapillary subretinal fluid associated with a ridge-shaped morphology surrounding the optic disk, which we termed ridge-shaped peripapilla.
METHODS
Case report.
RESULTS
A 6-year-old girl with mild-to-moderate myopia was referred for an abnormal fundus appearance of the left eye. Fundus examination of the left eye showed a vertical whitish elevation just temporal to the disk with pigment clumping. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the left eye showed an elevation of the fundus at the temporal edge of the disk with thinning of the choroid overlying the thickened scleral protrusion and a serous subretinal fluid. Fluorescein angiography of the left eye showed a hyperfluorescent area without leakage at the temporal edge of the disk, indicative of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. There was no sign of choroidal neovascularization. Based on the fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography findings, the protrusion of the sclera seemed to result in overlying choroidal thinning with choroidal blood flow disturbances, and consequent retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, leading to the subretinal fluid.
CONCLUSION
This case highlights an unusual presentation of ridge-shaped peripapilla, characterized by inward convexity of the peripapillary area with a ridge-shaped morphology and localized thickening of the peripapillary sclera, in eyes with myopia.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Choroid; Fundus Oculi; Optic Disk; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Atrophy; Myopia; Fluorescein Angiography
PubMed: 36007179
DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000001308 -
Dental Clinics of North America Apr 2023The human temporomandibular joint, is a ginglymo-arthrodial joint. The articular disk serves as a fibrous, viscoelastic structure that allows force distribution and... (Review)
Review
The human temporomandibular joint, is a ginglymo-arthrodial joint. The articular disk serves as a fibrous, viscoelastic structure that allows force distribution and smooth movement of the joint in its normal arrangement during mandibular movements. Most studies suggest that in the normal disk position the posterior band is located at the 12'o clock position within the glenoid fossa in the closed mouth posture. When the biomechanics of the joint is altered, the disk may be displaced creating an abnormal relationship between the disk, condyle, and the eminence that is often referred to as an internal derangement. This article reviews the various presentations of internal derangements.
Topics: Humans; Mandibular Condyle; Temporomandibular Joint Disc; Biomechanical Phenomena; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Joint Dislocations; Temporomandibular Joint
PubMed: 36965929
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.11.004 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Feb 2020
Topics: Glaucoma; Humans; Optic Disk
PubMed: 32246705
DOI: No ID Found -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2024Intraretinal or subretinal fluid in the peripapillary area can be clinically visualized in conditions such as peripapillary choroidal neovascularization, optic disc pit... (Review)
Review
Intraretinal or subretinal fluid in the peripapillary area can be clinically visualized in conditions such as peripapillary choroidal neovascularization, optic disc pit maculopathy, and optic nerve head tumors and granulomas. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) helps to visualize peripapillary fluid in many other chorioretinal conditions such as peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome, posterior uveitis, central retinal vein occlusion, malignant hypertension, hypotonic maculopathy as well as neuro-ophthalmological conditions such as glaucoma, microcystic macular edema and disc edema due papilledema, non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, neuroretinitis, and diabetic papillopathy. Often, the differential diagnosis of peripapillary fluid is a bit tricky and may lead to misdiagnosis and improper management. We describe a diagnostic algorithm for peripapillary fluid on OCT and outline the salient features and management of these conditions.
Topics: Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Optic Disk; Subretinal Fluid; Diagnosis, Differential; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 38016521
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.11.004