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Child's Nervous System : ChNS :... Sep 2023For the first time in the history of anatomy, the important French anatomist Jean Riolan, Jr., clarifies several conditions that anatomy adepts should accomplish during...
For the first time in the history of anatomy, the important French anatomist Jean Riolan, Jr., clarifies several conditions that anatomy adepts should accomplish during their preparation in his work Anthropographia. Anatomists should be physically, mentally, culturally, and ethically ready for their work. The anatomy teacher should consider three rules: have experience in anatomical dissection, have the essential knowledge and approach to dissection, and use a suitable teaching method.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Dissection; Anatomy
PubMed: 36131141
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-022-05667-5 -
Advances in Physiology Education Sep 2023In the field of anatomy education, the debate over the superiority of learning with or without human donors is decades long and ongoing. Arguments for or against the use... (Review)
Review
In the field of anatomy education, the debate over the superiority of learning with or without human donors is decades long and ongoing. Arguments for or against the use of human donors in anatomy education vary, depending on the healthcare discipline. Physical therapy programs have been particularly resistant to the trend away from the use of human donors. In this personal view, I present my history of anatomy education and how my perspectives on teaching and learning anatomy have changed dramatically throughout my teaching experiences. The purpose of this article is to support instructors who are creating anatomy courses for all healthcare trainees without donors, inspire those teaching with donors to incorporate other methods of instruction and evaluation, challenge educators to examine their own biases surrounding anatomy education, and provide recommendations for developing an anatomy course without human donors. Included in this article is the perspective of a practicing physical therapist who learned through human dissection and has assisted me in the development and management of the human anatomy course in our physical therapy curriculum. This article provides an overview of how to design an anatomy course without anatomical donors for doctor of physical therapy students and includes recommendations for instructors who need to reduce or eliminate anatomical donors from their anatomy curriculum.
Topics: Humans; Anatomists; Anatomy; Cadaver; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Status; Learning; Students, Medical; Teaching
PubMed: 37141435
DOI: 10.1152/advan.00004.2023 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of... Jan 2024Gastrointestinal cancers can have severe consequences if diagnosed at a late stage but can be cured when detected and resected at an early stage. In recent years, the... (Review)
Review
Gastrointestinal cancers can have severe consequences if diagnosed at a late stage but can be cured when detected and resected at an early stage. In recent years, the significance of endoscopic screening for gastrointestinal cancers has been established, leading to the identification of early-stage cancers and precancerous lesions. Consequently, endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal tumors has emerged as an effective means of cancer treatment and prevention. This article delves into the indications, techniques, and safety measures associated with endoscopic resection of early-stage luminal cancer within the gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Endoscopy; Precancerous Conditions; Dissection; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37973231
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2023.07.002 -
Journal of Neurosurgery Nov 2023The authors of this study aimed to define the microanatomy of the interthalamic adhesion (ITA) using microfiber dissection, magnetic resonance (MR) tractography, and...
OBJECTIVE
The authors of this study aimed to define the microanatomy of the interthalamic adhesion (ITA) using microfiber dissection, magnetic resonance (MR) tractography, and histological analysis.
METHODS
Sagittal, coronal, and axial MR images from 160 healthy individuals 2-82 years of age were examined. The relationships between age range and ITA morphology as well as between gender and ITA morphology were evaluated statistically. Among these 160 individuals, 100 who had undergone MR tractography were examined. In this group, the presence of fiber tracts in the ITA and the relationship with ITA morphological types were examined. Thirty formalin-fixed human cadaveric brains were also examined endoscopically, and 6 hemispheres were dissected from the medial to lateral and superior to inferior directions under the microscope. Sections taken from one of the brains with an ITA type 2 with both thalami were examined histologically. Anti-neurofilament antibody was used in the histological examination.
RESULTS
Four morphological types of ITA were observed. Type 1 had an adhesion/adherent appearance, type 2 had a bridge/commissure appearance, type 3 showed no adhesion, and type 4 had a double bridge. Tractographic examination revealed that 28% had no fiber tract transition in the ITA, 21% had a significant transition, and 51% had an indistinct transition. Statistically, the presence of the ITA was significantly higher in the pediatric (age) and female (gender) groups. In specimens with ITAs of a bridge/commissure appearance (type 2), fiber tracts showed clear transitions between thalami. In type 1 (adherent/adhesive appearance), fiber tracts were observed within the ITA, but a reciprocal transition was unclear. Dissection showed that these fiber tracts in the ITA reach the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus, and frontoorbital region anteriorly and the lateral habenula and posterior commissure posteriorly. Some fibers also joined the ansa peduncularis. In histological studies, axonal fibers moving in the ITA were observed with anti-neurofilament antibody staining.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first study to demonstrate fiber tracts of the ITA through fiber dissection and transillumination techniques as well as radiological and histological study. Statistical data were obtained by comparing the morphological group with age and gender groups. The anatomy of this structure, which has been neglected for many years, was reexamined. This study showed that the ITA has fibers connecting different parts of the brain, in contrast to previous studies suggesting that it was a simple massa.
Topics: Humans; Female; Child; Thalamus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; White Matter; Brain; Dissection
PubMed: 37119096
DOI: 10.3171/2023.3.JNS221669 -
Alternatives To Laboratory Animals :... May 2022Animal dissection remains a common practice in American biology classrooms, despite the availability of dissection alternatives to study anatomy and physiology. Indeed,...
Animal dissection remains a common practice in American biology classrooms, despite the availability of dissection alternatives to study anatomy and physiology. Indeed, there is a growing body of evidence in the literature suggesting that the use of alternatives leads to the greater achievement of learning objectives, as compared to dissection. To better understand the current use of and attitudes toward dissection and alternatives, a nationwide survey of (mainly high-school) biology teachers ( = 2687) was conducted. Most educators believed that learning objectives related to biology subject content could be met through the use of alternatives, yet they preferred the hands-on experience of dissection. Most educators allow their students to use alternatives if requested, although few teachers ask students about their preference for using an animal specimen an alternative. Educators cited student engagement as the main factor driving their decision to choose between dissection specimens and alternatives, and felt that cost is the biggest barrier to implementing alternatives at their schools. Additional perspectives on dissection and alternatives were shared by survey participants. Since alternatives can be used to meet learning objectives associated with dissection, we recommend their use as replacements for traditional animal specimens, in line with the , and of animal use in education, according to the Three Rs principles.
Topics: Anatomy; Animals; Attitude; Biology; Curriculum; Dissection; Humans; Schools; Students; United States
PubMed: 35594405
DOI: 10.1177/02611929221096578 -
Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2023In the post-pandemic era, one of the significant challenges for anatomy teachers is to reciprocate the experience of practical exposure while teaching the subject to...
In the post-pandemic era, one of the significant challenges for anatomy teachers is to reciprocate the experience of practical exposure while teaching the subject to undergraduates. These challenges span from conducting cadaveric dissections to handling real human bones, museum specimens, and tissue sections in the histology lab. Such exposures help the instructors to develop interactive communication with their fellow students and thus help to enhance communication skills among them. Recently, anatomy teachers all over the world started using cutting-edge educational technologies to make teaching-learning experiences for students more engaging, interesting, and interactive. Utilizing such cutting-edge educational technologies was an "option" prior to the pandemic, but the pandemic has significantly altered the situation. What was previously an "option" is now a "compulsion." Despite the fact that the majority of medical schools have resumed their regular on-campus classes, body donation and the availability of cadavers remain extremely limited, resulting in a deadlock. Anatomy teachers must incorporate cutting-edge educational technologies into their teaching and learning activities to make the subject more visual. In this chapter, we have attempted to discuss various new technologies which can provide a near-realistic perception of anatomical structures as a complementary tool for dissection/cadaver, various visualization techniques currently available and explore their importance as a pedagogic alternative in learning anatomy. We also discussed the recent advancement in visualization techniques and the pros and cons of technology-based visualization. This chapter identifies the limitations of technology-based visualization as a supplement and discusses effective utilization as an adjunct to the conventional pedagogical approaches to undergraduate anatomy education.
Topics: Humans; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Students, Medical; Learning; Dissection; Cadaver
PubMed: 37016115
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26462-7_8 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2022Present day scenario regarding epistemological methods in anatomy is in sharp contrast to the situation during ancient period. This study aimed to explore the evolution...
Present day scenario regarding epistemological methods in anatomy is in sharp contrast to the situation during ancient period. This study aimed to explore the evolution of epistemological methodologies in anatomy across centuries. In ancient times Egyptian embalmers acquired anatomical knowledge from handling human bodies and likewise anatomical studies in India involved human dissection. Ancient Greeks used theological principles-based methods, animal dissection and human dissection in practice of anatomy. Human dissection was also practiced in ancient China for gaining anatomical knowledge. Prohibition of human dissection led to use of animal dissection in ancient Rome and the trend continued in Europe through Middle Ages. Epistemological methods used by Muslim scholars during Middle Ages are not clearly chronicled. Human dissection returned as primary epistemological method in Renaissance Europe and empirical methods were reinstated after ancient period in human dissection during 16th century. The situation further improved with introduction of pragmatic experiment based approach during 17th century and autopsy-based methods during 18th century. Advances in anatomical knowledge continued with advent of microscope-based methods and emergence of anatomical sections in practice of human dissection in 19th century. Introduction of human observational studies, medical imaging, and molecular methods presented more options in terms of epistemological methods for investigating the human body during 20th century. Onset of 21st century has witnessed dominance of technology-based methods in anatomy. Limited emphasis on ethics in epistemological methodologies since antiquity is a dark aspect of otherwise an eventful evolutionary journey but recent developments are in positive direction.
Topics: Anatomy; Animals; China; Dissection; Europe; History, 15th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Human Body; Humans; Knowledge
PubMed: 34558798
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24781 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Nov 2022Enucleation was commonly used in the surgery of the eye or prostate. The implication in the treatment of GGO is never reported.
BACKGROUND
Enucleation was commonly used in the surgery of the eye or prostate. The implication in the treatment of GGO is never reported.
METHODS
In this multimedia article, we described a thoracoscopic enucleation of GGO between S7 and S8 in the right lower lobe. According to the pre-operative 3D-CTBA, few bronchovascular structures were passing through the border of RS7 and RS8-a primarily pulmonary parenchyma region. Therefore, an enucleation of GGO is feasible with a low risk of injuring adjacent structures. The main utility incision and observing port were inserted in the fourth and seventh intercostal space in the anterior axillary line. Two assistant incisions were made in the seventh intercostal space in the mid-axillary line and the ninth intercostal space in the posterior axillary line. The GGO is invisible and unpalpable, so it cannot be located intraoperatively. The surgery was initiated by dividing the lung parenchyma alongside the anatomic landmark of A7 on the left. On the right, the common trunk of A8-10 was dissected until A8 was identified. The last anatomic landmark is V8b, which lies posteriorly. The lung parenchyma was dissected by electrocautery hook along with the A7, A8, and V8b to the diaphragmatic surface. Using an electrocautery hook during dissection is preferable, whose terminal is sharper and more flexible. The ultrasonic scalpel is not recommended. A glove is utilized for the specimen retrieval to avoid implantation metastasis.
RESULTS
The operative time was 0.5 h with an estimated blood loss of 10 ml. With no chest tube, the patient was discharged on postoperative day 1. The final pathological finding was minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (pTmiN0M0).
DISCUSSION
Considering the natural history and excellent prognosis of GGO, the safe margin is the primary concern for GGO resection. We use the anatomic landmark to secure a safe margin in enucleation. Besides, dissection of the anatomic intersegmental plane by electrocautery (but not by stapling) reduces unfavorable recurrent local failure at the margin and allows full expansion of the preserved adjacent segments to result in maximal pulmonary function..
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Dissection; Electrocoagulation; Humans; Male; Thyroidectomy
PubMed: 35930111
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12154-3 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Mar 2022With the increasing significance of diagnostic imaging in clinical practice, long-term anatomical education and training is required to ensure that students can reliably...
PURPOSE
With the increasing significance of diagnostic imaging in clinical practice, long-term anatomical education and training is required to ensure that students can reliably distinguish anatomical structures and interpret images. To improve students' motivation and prospects for learning imaging anatomy, we developed an integrated anatomical practice program combining cadaveric dissection with cadaver CT data processing and analysis during undergraduate students' dissection courses.
METHODS
Workstations imported with post-mortem CT data of dissected cadavers and various forms of clinical CT/MRI data were set in the dissection room. Medical students had free access to the imaging data during cadaver dissection, and they were challenged to process and analyze the data for submission of voluntary imaging reports on their topics of interest. Finally, we surveyed the integrated anatomical education of 481 medical students.
RESULTS
The positive response rate to the integrated anatomical practice was 74.9%, and 79.4% of the students answered that this form of practice offered a suitable introduction to anatomical imaging. The usefulness of this approach in understanding the 2- to 3D arrangement of the human body and enhancing interest in anatomy was also confirmed. The submission rate of voluntary imaging reports also increased annually and is currently 97.4%.
CONCLUSION
Our integrated anatomical practice only allowed students to actively browse CT images and facilitated imaging processing and analysis of their region of interest. This practice may improve students' long-term ability to analyze images and deepen their understanding. A competitive imaging contest may help improve students' motivation when they begin learning imaging anatomy.
Topics: Anatomy; Cadaver; Curriculum; Dissection; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Humans; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35076752
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-022-02890-2 -
European Heart Journal Nov 2020Pregnancy is a known risk factor for arterial dissection, which can result in significant morbidity and mortality in the peripartum period. However, little is known...
AIMS
Pregnancy is a known risk factor for arterial dissection, which can result in significant morbidity and mortality in the peripartum period. However, little is known about the risk factors, timing, distribution, and outcomes of arterial dissections associated with pregnancy.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We included all women ≥12 years of age with hospitalizations associated with pregnancy and/or delivery in the Nationwide Readmissions Database between 2010 and 2015. The primary outcome was any dissection during pregnancy, delivery, or the postpartum period (42-days post-delivery). Secondary outcomes included timing of dissection, location of dissection, and in-hospital mortality. Among 18 151 897 pregnant patients, 993 (0.005%) patients were diagnosed with a pregnancy-related dissection. Risk factors included older age (32.8 vs. 28.0 years), multiple gestation (3.6% vs. 1.9%), gestational diabetes (14.3% vs. 0.2%), gestational hypertension (6.0% vs. 0.6%), and pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (2.7% vs. 0.4%), in addition to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Of the 993 patients with dissection, 150 (15.1%) dissections occurred in the antepartum period, 232 (23.4%) were diagnosed during the admission for delivery, and 611 (61.5%) were diagnosed in the postpartum period. The most common locations for dissections were coronary (38.2%), vertebral (22.9%), aortic (19.8%), and carotid (19.5%). In-hospital mortality was 3.7% among pregnant patients with a dissection vs. <0.001% in patients without a dissection. Deaths were isolated to patients with an aortic (8.6%), coronary (4.2%), or supra-aortic (<2.5%) dissection.
CONCLUSION
Arterial dissections occurred in 5.5/100 000 hospitalized pregnant or postpartum women, most frequently in the postpartum period, and were associated with high mortality risk. The coronary arteries were most commonly involved. Pregnancy-related dissections were associated with traditional risk factors, as well as pregnancy-specific conditions.
Topics: Aged; Aortic Dissection; Cohort Studies; Dissection; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32728725
DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa497