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Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2020Our goal was to evaluate a new air dissection technique for the spaces of the head and neck using fresh-frozen cadavers. Eight sides from four fresh-frozen Caucasian...
Our goal was to evaluate a new air dissection technique for the spaces of the head and neck using fresh-frozen cadavers. Eight sides from four fresh-frozen Caucasian cadavers were used in this study. Compressed air was initially placed into the pterygomandibular space while simultaneously observing the spaces of the head and neck. Subsequently, the pterygomandibular space on the contralateral side of the specimen was insufflated and observations made. For these methods, simultaneous observation of mediastina and lungs was made using intrathoracic endoscopy. On all sides, the buccal, submental, sublingual, parotid, parapharyngeal, and retropharyngeal spaces were insufflated on both ipsilateral and contralateral sides. Deviation of the larynx and trachea was observed externally and deviation of the mediastinum and lungs via intrathoracic endoscopy. We introduced air dissection into spaces of the head and neck. This new technique might help students, teachers, dentists, medical doctors, and other healthcare providers to better understand the three-dimensional anatomy of the spaces of the head and neck and their communicating pathways. Clin. Anat. 33:207-213, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Air; Anatomy; Cadaver; Dissection; Female; Head; Humans; Male; Neck
PubMed: 31444831
DOI: 10.1002/ca.23454 -
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA Sep 2023This article presents the evolution of the subject of vascular anatomy and discusses the associated clinical applicability. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This article presents the evolution of the subject of vascular anatomy and discusses the associated clinical applicability.
METHODS
Clinically-driven surgical examples met in our everyday practice were used to depict characteristic anatomical paradoxes raised by the inconsistencies between classical anatomical perception, current imaging modalities and modern surgical techniques.
RESULTS
Consequent anatomy-driven modifications of medical devices comprise a characteristic example of the vivid, modern and meaningful role that anatomy can have on clinical decision-making and improvement of technical and clinical success. Clinical experience provides a feedback that shifts the focus of anatomic research towards new fields of interest, such as the role of arterial collateral networks as therapeutic targets. The clinical feedback brings into light queries and issues where traditional anatomical answers may be vague and inadequate to apply, thereby necessitating further research, refinement and reevaluation.
CONCLUSION
While the traditional teaching of vascular anatomy is based on information and illustrations derived from dissection and prosection courses, the development of modern imaging technologies applied in large numbers of living patients and application of minimally invasive techniques challenge our understanding of what should be perceived as fixed and permanent. Moreover, the recently introduced evidence-based philosophy in anatomy elaborate more robust data which not only update, validate and enrich the existing knowledge of anatomical variations but also enable subgroup analyses with respect to race, age and sex, identifying specific anatomic features associated with a significant impact on patient treatment.
Topics: Humans; Curriculum; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Dissection; Arteries; Anatomy; Teaching; Students, Medical
PubMed: 37458825
DOI: 10.1007/s00276-023-03203-x -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Dec 2020Cerebellum plays an important role in several key functions including control of movement, balance, cognition, reward, and affect. Imaging studies indicate that distinct...
Cerebellum plays an important role in several key functions including control of movement, balance, cognition, reward, and affect. Imaging studies indicate that distinct cerebellar regions contribute to these different functions. Molecular studies examining regional cerebellar differences are lagging as they are mostly done on whole cerebellar extracts thereby masking any distinctions across specific cerebellar regions. Here we describe a technique to reproducibly and quickly dissect four different cerebellar regions: the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN), anterior and posterior vermal cerebellar cortex, and the cerebellar cortex of the hemispheres. Dissecting out these distinct regions allows for the exploration of molecular mechanisms that may underlie their unique contributions to balance, movement, affect and cognition. This technique may also be used to explore differences in pathological susceptibility of these specific regions across various mouse disease models.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Dissection; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Mice, Inbred C57BL; RNA
PubMed: 33346205
DOI: 10.3791/61922 -
Medical Education Apr 2023Cadaver dissection has long been hailed as a vital component of medical education. Although most physicians acknowledge positive impacts of cadaver dissection on their...
INTRODUCTION
Cadaver dissection has long been hailed as a vital component of medical education. Although most physicians acknowledge positive impacts of cadaver dissection on their learning, they are less likely to will their bodies for anatomical dissection than the general public. This study aims to determine whether the proportion of medical students open to willed body donation changes after completing cadaver dissection.
METHODS
We conducted a longitudinal study surveying 323 medical students across three cohorts before and after anatomical dissection of human cadavers. Through the survey, students indicated whether they would will their body for anatomical dissection. Additionally, students responded to items regarding the rationale underlying their decision, demographics and perceived effects of anatomical dissection on medical education.
RESULTS
The proportion of students who expressed openness to willed body donation decreased by 25% after cadaver dissection. Of the 171 students who initially stated they would will their body, 61 (35%) changed their response after completing cadaver dissection. Those who cited religion as a motivating factor were less likely to show openness to body donation, whereas those who cited ethical factors were more likely.
CONCLUSIONS
This study documents a substantial decrease in the proportion of students open to willed body donation after completion of cadaver dissection. Despite this, students almost universally report educational benefits of cadaver dissection. This raises interesting questions regarding the emotional impact of cadaver dissection and the ethical implications of willed body donation.
Topics: Humans; Students, Medical; Longitudinal Studies; Dissection; Surveys and Questionnaires; Cadaver; Anatomy; Education, Medical, Undergraduate
PubMed: 36208394
DOI: 10.1111/medu.14948 -
Morphologie : Bulletin de L'Association... Mar 2023The anatomy education literature suggests blended-learning approaches as more effective. We performed a literature review to answer the question if virtual dissection... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The anatomy education literature suggests blended-learning approaches as more effective. We performed a literature review to answer the question if virtual dissection tables can play a significant role as supplements to traditional cadaver-based anatomy education methods.
METHODS
PubMed, SCOPUS, ERIC and Cochrane databases were searched for articles with purpose to explore the outcomes of the use of virtual dissection tables in conjunction with cadaver-based anatomy education.
RESULTS
Six articles were included. Three articles were comparative and comprised evaluation of participants' anatomy examinations results. Three articles were non-comparative and comprised only evaluation of participants' opinions about the educational intervention. In all studies, the participants expressed satisfaction about the educational value of this intervention, while the data about anatomy examinations' results suggest that virtual dissection tables may also enhance students' academic performance, when they are used in conjunction with cadavers.
CONCLUSION
Virtual dissection tables seem to do have a role in modern blended-learning anatomy curricula and could essentially supplement the educational power of cadaver-based methods. Our findings may stimulate further implementation of virtual dissection tables as supplementary tools to cadaver-based anatomy education.
Topics: Humans; Students, Medical; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Dissection; Learning; Curriculum; Cadaver; Anatomy
PubMed: 35135673
DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2022.01.002 -
STAR Protocols Jun 2021The jugular-nodose ganglia contain the sensory peripheral neurons of the vagus nerve, linking visceral organs to the medulla oblongata. Accessing these ganglia in...
The jugular-nodose ganglia contain the sensory peripheral neurons of the vagus nerve, linking visceral organs to the medulla oblongata. Accessing these ganglia in smaller animals without damaging the vascular and neural structures may be challenging, as ganglionic fibers imbed deeply into the carotid sheath, and vagal parasympathetic fibers cross through the interior of the ganglia. We describe a practical protocol for locating and accessing the mouse jugular-nodose ganglia , including instructions for intraganglionic injections and postperfusion dissection. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Han et al. (2018).
Topics: Animals; Dissection; Female; Jugular Foramina; Male; Mice; Nodose Ganglion
PubMed: 33997807
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100474 -
Anatomical Sciences Education 2023Technological approaches deploying three-dimensional visualization to integrate virtual anatomy are increasingly used to provide medical students with state-of-the-art...
Technological approaches deploying three-dimensional visualization to integrate virtual anatomy are increasingly used to provide medical students with state-of-the-art teaching. It is unclear to date to which extent virtual anatomy may help replace the dissection course. Medical students of Johannes Kepler University attend both a dissection and a virtual anatomy course. This virtual anatomy course is based on Cinematic Rendering and radiological imaging and teaches anatomy and pathology. This study aims to substantiate student benefits achieved from this merged teaching approach. Following their dissection course, 120 second-year students took part in objective structured practical examinations (OSPE) conducted on human specimens prior to and following a course on Cinematic Rendering virtual anatomy. Likert-based and open-ended surveys were conducted to evaluate student perceptions of both courses and their utility. Virtual anatomy teaching was found to be unrelated to improvements in student's ability to identify anatomical structures in anatomical prosections, yielding only a 1.5% increase in the OSPE score. While the students rated the dissection course as being more important and impactful, the virtual anatomy course helped them display the learning content in a more comprehensible and clinically applicable way. It is likely that Cinematic Rendering-based virtual anatomy affects knowledge gain in domains other than the recognition of anatomical structures in anatomical prosections. These findings underline students' preference for the pedagogic strategy of the dissection course and for blending this classical approach with novel developments like Cinematic Rendering, thus preparing future doctors for their clinical work.
Topics: Humans; Anatomy; Curriculum; Dissection; Learning; Students, Medical
PubMed: 36453060
DOI: 10.1002/ase.2234 -
Acta Neurochirurgica Apr 2021The human white matter pathway network is complex and of critical importance for functionality. Thus, learning and understanding white matter tract anatomy is important...
BACKGROUND
The human white matter pathway network is complex and of critical importance for functionality. Thus, learning and understanding white matter tract anatomy is important for the training of neuroscientists and neurosurgeons. The study aims to test and evaluate a new method for fiber dissection using augmented reality (AR) in a group which is experienced in cadaver white matter dissection courses and in vivo tractography.
METHODS
Fifteen neurosurgeons, neurolinguists, and neuroscientists participated in this questionnaire-based study. We presented five cases of patients with left-sided perisylvian gliomas who underwent awake craniotomy. Diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking (DTI FT) was performed and the language-related networks were visualized separated in different tracts by color. Participants were able to virtually dissect the prepared DTI FTs using a spatial computer and AR goggles. The application was evaluated through a questionnaire with answers from 0 (minimum) to 10 (maximum).
RESULTS
Participants rated the overall experience of AR fiber dissection with a median of 8 points (mean ± standard deviation 8.5 ± 1.4). Usefulness for fiber dissection courses and education in general was rated with 8 (8.3 ± 1.4) and 8 (8.1 ± 1.5) points, respectively. Educational value was expected to be high for several target audiences (student: median 9, 8.6 ± 1.4; resident: 9, 8.5 ± 1.8; surgeon: 9, 8.2 ± 2.4; scientist: 8.5, 8.0 ± 2.4). Even clinical application of AR fiber dissection was expected to be of value with a median of 7 points (7.0 ± 2.5).
CONCLUSION
The present evaluation of this first application of AR for fiber dissection shows a throughout positive evaluation for educational purposes.
Topics: Adult; Augmented Reality; Craniotomy; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Dissection; Female; Glioma; Humans; Male; Neural Pathways; White Matter
PubMed: 33026532
DOI: 10.1007/s00701-020-04545-w -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Sep 2019
Topics: Arteries; Axillary Artery; Catheterization; Dissection
PubMed: 30770118
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.11.146 -
European Archives of... Jan 2022The objective of this study is to describe the detailed surgical anatomy of the infracochlear approach to prevent complications and to compare the postauricular...
PURPOSE
The objective of this study is to describe the detailed surgical anatomy of the infracochlear approach to prevent complications and to compare the postauricular transcanal microscopic and endoscopic approaches to reach the petrous apex.
METHODS
Cadaver heads were dissected using a binocular surgical microscope, endoscopes, and an electric drill. The dimensions of the access field that could be reached and manipulated with surgical instruments and straight drill via postauricular transcanal microscopic and endoscopic approaches were evaluated.
RESULTS
Both postauricular microscopic and transcanal endoscopic approaches were considered to be inapplicable in cases with a tympanic cavity located jugular bulb closer than 3 mm to the cochlea. This relationship was seen in 3 (9%) sides of the cadavers. In 4 specimens (12%), a cochlear aqueduct with an open lumen was detected. Both postauricular microscopic and transcanal endoscopic approaches reached a nearly identic dissection area. Detailed anatomy of the approach and measurements about the topography of the third portion of the facial nerve from the tympanic cavity were presented.
CONCLUSION
Both traditional microscopic postauricular and endoscopic transcanal approaches provided comparable access areas to the inferior petrous apex with wide exposure, and radiologic measurements were compatible. A tympanic cavity located jugular bulb in close relation with cochlea was the only instance that restricted the applicability of this technique.
Topics: Cadaver; Cochlea; Dissection; Endoscopy; Humans; Petrous Bone
PubMed: 33532901
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06635-6