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Journal of Traumatic Stress Jun 2021Deficits in working memory (WM) have a role in maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, including intrusions, which are a hallmark of PTSD...
Deficits in working memory (WM) have a role in maintaining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, including intrusions, which are a hallmark of PTSD symptomatology. As intrusions are distressing and uncontrollable, it is important to investigate whether PTSD is associated with altered control of proactive interference in WM. Moreover, it is important to consider both verbal and visual WM, as previous research has demonstrated a visual versus verbal dissociation in PTSD. Although previous studies have explored proactive interference in visual and verbal stimuli using a recent probe task, the stimuli used thus far have been non-trauma-related. Therefore, we aimed to investigate proactive interference in PTSD using trauma-related verbal and visual stimuli. Road traffic accident (RTA) survivors with (n = 60) and without PTSD (n = 30) completed a recent probe task to assess proactive interference of visual and verbal trauma-related material. Participants with PTSD displayed significantly more proactive interference than trauma-exposed controls for visual, η = .40, and verbal material, η = .10, indicating that proactive interference is significantly impaired in PTSD. This demonstrates that further research is warranted and highlights the possibility of considering proactive interference of trauma-related stimuli in therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Memory, Short-Term; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Survivors
PubMed: 33175438
DOI: 10.1002/jts.22605 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Apr 2023The category of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has puzzled medical science and fascinated popular culture for almost 200 years. Its occurrence in young people...
The category of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has puzzled medical science and fascinated popular culture for almost 200 years. Its occurrence in young people raises at least two new questions addressed by science studies and embedded philosophy: self-diagnosis (related to cyberchondria and mass media-induced illness) and transient disease (related to looping effect and identity claim specific to adolescence). In an attempt to refine the sociocognitive model, we analyze the impact of these notions in understanding the local ecological niche in which contemporary adolescent DID occurs.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 37094271
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023042 -
Soins. Psychiatrie 2023Conversion disorder is a psychiatric disorder whose clinic and management lie at the crossroads between body and mind. It challenges healthcare professionals in terms of...
Conversion disorder is a psychiatric disorder whose clinic and management lie at the crossroads between body and mind. It challenges healthcare professionals in terms of diagnosis, further investigation, referral and care. A number of questions arise, such as how caregivers perceive the relationship between body and mind, the place of the psychiatric hypothesis among the initial diagnostic hypotheses, and the temporality of care.
Topics: Humans; Conversion Disorder; Dissociative Disorders; Caregivers; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37926498
DOI: 10.1016/j.spsy.2023.09.010 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2020In the field of trauma and dissociation, culture has a significant influence on the clinical presentation of patients. A growing body of literature addresses the...
In the field of trauma and dissociation, culture has a significant influence on the clinical presentation of patients. A growing body of literature addresses the relationship between culture and dissociation. Studies of this relationship though, evoke the important, but at the same time extremely sensitive issue of cross-cultural comparisons. In this editorial, I provide a limited overview of various ways in which cultural influences have been addressed in the field of trauma and dissociation. Most studies have examined the occurrence of dissociative disorders in clinical populations in different cultures and countries. Some have focused on normative dissociation as a response to traumatic events in non-clinical samples from different cultures. This editorial also explores the concepts of double consciousness and black consciousness, which have emerged from the fields of social psychology and black psychology; and how these concepts influence our thinking about non-clinical dissociation. Culture-related challenges in the field of trauma and dissociation create opportunities for training in cultural competence for therapists. Qualitative research methods might be best suited to future research on the relationship between culture, trauma and dissociation. The chances of reaching a thorough and deep understanding of the influence of culture on trauma and dissociation might be best if the entire spectrum of dissociation is studied - from normal to pathological dissociation, and in its different manifestations from universal to those unique to certain cultural groups.
Topics: Cross-Cultural Comparison; Culture; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 31891334
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2020.1675134 -
Early Intervention in Psychiatry Dec 2019Increasing evidence suggests that childhood trauma and dissociation are associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders. Significant rates of dissociative disorders and...
AIM
Increasing evidence suggests that childhood trauma and dissociation are associated with psychotic symptoms and disorders. Significant rates of dissociative disorders and clinical levels of dissociative symptoms are found in chronic schizophrenia. To date, no studies have examined the prevalence of these in a first episode psychosis (FEP) group. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of dissociative disorders and symptoms in a FEP sample as well as the prevalence of severe dissociative symptoms in those with or without experiences of childhood trauma.
METHODS
Sixty-six young people with FEP completed a research interview which included the structured clinical interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorders, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders-Revised.
RESULTS
Dissociative symptoms at clinical levels were found in 36.4% of the sample. Furthermore, 13.6% of the sample met diagnostic criteria for a lifetime dissociative disorder. Significant differences in the frequency of clinical dissociative symptoms between those with or without childhood trauma were also found.
CONCLUSIONS
Dissociative symptoms should be routinely assessed for in early intervention settings, especially in cases where childhood trauma is disclosed or suspected. Where present, dissociative symptoms should also be incorporated into subsequent case formulation and treatment planning.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Australia; Case-Control Studies; Comorbidity; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Psychotic Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 30585427
DOI: 10.1111/eip.12773 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2024The 11 revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) introduced Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a sibling disorder to PTSD.... (Review)
Review
The 11 revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) introduced Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a sibling disorder to PTSD. Dissociative symptoms have been implicated in the severity of ICD-11 CPTSD; however, no reviews have investigated how dissociation has been measured in studies investigating CPTSD, nor the relationship between CPTSD and dissociation. This systematic review aimed to identify measures used to assess dissociative symptoms in studies that have assessed CPTSD according to ICD-11 criteria and to synthesize the relationship between these constructs. PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched on March 31, 2021. Seventeen articles met inclusion criteria. CPTSD was most frequently measured by a version of the International Trauma Questionnaire. Twelve measures were used to assess for dissociative symptoms, the most common being the Dissociative Symptoms Scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale. The relationship between CPTSD and dissociative symptoms was moderate-to-strong, but inconsistently reported. Further research is needed to determine the most appropriate measure(s) of dissociation in CPTSD.
Topics: Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Surveys and Questionnaires; International Classification of Diseases; Dissociative Disorders
PubMed: 38112306
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2293785 -
The Permanente Journal 2020People who live with dissociative disorders and a history of childhood trauma are less rare than commonly thought and can be challenging for unfamiliar medical...
People who live with dissociative disorders and a history of childhood trauma are less rare than commonly thought and can be challenging for unfamiliar medical practitioners. Many of us present as apparently normal people and live full and satisfying lives. But under the stress of a medical situation, we can become unpredictable. On the basis of my own experiences, I offer, in this article, some instructive anecdotes and tips for health care practitioners on how to work with patients with a trauma-related diagnosis such as a dissociative disorder.
Topics: Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Aged; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Humans
PubMed: 31852054
DOI: 10.7812/TPP/19.094 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2023Depersonalization-Derealization disorder (DDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one's self and of unreality about the... (Review)
Review
Depersonalization-Derealization disorder (DDD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent feelings of detachment from one's self and of unreality about the outside world. This review aims to examine the prevalence of DDD amongst different populations. A systematic review protocol was developed before literature searching. Original articles were drawn from three electronic databases and included only studies where prevalence rates of DDD were assessed by standardized diagnostic tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted. Twenty-three papers were identified and categorized into three groups of participants: general population, mixed in/outpatient samples, and patients with specific disorders. The prevalence rates ranged from 0% to 1.9% amongst the general population, 5-20% in outpatients and 17.5-41.9% in inpatients. In studies of patients with specific disorders, prevalence rates varied: 1.8-5.9% (substance abuse), 3.3-20.2% (anxiety), 3.7-20.4% (other dissociative disorders), 16.3% (schizophrenia), 17% (borderline personality disorder), ~50% (depression). The highest rates were found in people who experienced interpersonal abuse (25-53.8%). The prevalence rate of DDD is around 1% in the general population, consistent with previous findings. DDD is more prevalent amongst adolescents and young adults as well as in patients with mental disorders. There is also a possible relationship between interpersonal abuse and DDD, which merits further research.
Topics: Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Depersonalization; Prevalence; Dissociative Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 35699456
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2079796 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Apr 2021The aim of this review article is to give an overview over recent experimental neurobiological research on dissociation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The aim of this review article is to give an overview over recent experimental neurobiological research on dissociation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), in order to inform clinicians and to stimulate further research. First, we introduce basic definitions and models that conceptualize dissociation from a transdiagnostic perspective. Then, we discuss recent findings in BPD.
RECENT FINDINGS
Stress-related dissociation is a key symptom of BPD, closely linked to other core domains of the disorder (emotion dysregulation, identity disturbances, and interpersonal disturbances). The understanding of neurobiological correlates of dissociation across different psychiatric disorders (e.g., dissociative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder) is steadily increasing. At the same time, studies explicitly focusing on dissociation in BPD are still scarce. There is evidence for adverse effects of dissociation on affective-cognitive functioning (e.g., interference inhibition), body perception, and psychotherapeutic treatment response in BPD. On the neural level, increased activity in frontal regions (e.g., inferior frontal gyrus) and temporal areas (e.g., inferior and superior temporal gyrus) during symptom provocation tasks and during resting state was observed, although findings are still diverse and need to be replicated. Conceptual differences and methodological differences in study designs and sample characteristics (e.g., comorbidities, trauma history) hinder a straightforward interpretation and comparison of studies. Given the potentially detrimental impact of dissociation in BPD, more research on the topic is strongly needed to deepen the understanding of this complex clinical condition.
Topics: Borderline Personality Disorder; Dissociative Disorders; Emotions; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33909198
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-021-01246-8 -
Fortschritte Der Neurologie-Psychiatrie Apr 2023Dissociative phenomena are not only encountered in everyday life, but increasingly require neurological as well as psychiatric attention in practice and clinic in order...
Dissociative phenomena are not only encountered in everyday life, but increasingly require neurological as well as psychiatric attention in practice and clinic in order to recognize and diagnose corresponding phenomena at an early stage and to provide patients with appropriate treatment. In this article, dissociative disorders, taking into account the new classification of the ICD-11, are presented and corresponding diagnostics and therapeutic measures are described.
Topics: Humans; Dissociative Disorders; International Classification of Diseases
PubMed: 37055014
DOI: 10.1055/a-1898-5283