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Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2021
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Standard of Care; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33779970
DOI: No ID Found -
CNS Spectrums Dec 2019Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with a controversial etiopathogenesis. Patients with FM usually complain of cognitive symptoms, which are described as...
BACKGROUND
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome with a controversial etiopathogenesis. Patients with FM usually complain of cognitive symptoms, which are described as "fibrofog." These cognitive complaints might be caused partially by dissociative disorders (DD). The aim of this research is to determine the association between FM and DD.
METHODS
The authors conducted a case-control study for this purpose, integrated by 3 groups: control (C), patients with rheumatic disorders (R), and patients with FM (FM), who were compared through the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES).The findings are as follows: 42% were taking medications in the FM group, and their differences in scores with those who were not under medications were then considered. In terms of the results, the FM group showed higher scores than both C and R groups (p < 0.05). Patients with FM who were taking antidepressants had lower scores than those who were not (Z-score -8.03; p < 0.05); and finally, 5.71% had a score over 30 (χ2 = 3.73, p = 0.15).
CONCLUSION
Patients with FM had higher scores, which might be related to the association of dissociative experiences, lifetime trauma, and victimization. Antidepressants might have some role on dissociative symptoms as well.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Dissociative Disorders; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30894235
DOI: 10.1017/S1092852918001608 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2023
Topics: Humans; Dissociative Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 37023226
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2191240 -
Journal of Trauma & Dissociation : the... 2021A total of 491 participants from four previous studies, 443 of whom were diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) on the Dissociative Disorders Interview...
A total of 491 participants from four previous studies, 443 of whom were diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder (DID) on the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, completed the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES). Their results were analyzed to determine how many were in the dissociative taxon (DES-T) on the DES. Of the 443 individuals with DID, 419 (94.6%) were in the taxon, 13 (2.9%) were out of the taxon and 11 (2.5%) were indeterminate. The DES-T is therefore very effective at identifying people with DID as being in the dissociative taxon, although it does have a false negative rate of 5.4%. Out of 48 people with no dissociative disorder on the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule, the DES-T identified 26 (54.2%) as being in the taxon and 22 (45.8%) as being out of the taxon with no indeterminate cases. The clinical diagnoses of these 48 individuals are unknown: all were inpatients in the same Trauma Program. Thus, the sensitivity of the DES-T for confirming that individuals with DID are in the dissociative taxon was 94.6% and the specificity of the DES-T for confirming that individuals with no dissociative disorder are not in the dissociative taxon was 45.8%. It is possible that the DES-T yields false positives for taxon membership; this possibility should be investigated in future research.
Topics: Dissociative Disorders; Dissociative Identity Disorder; Humans; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 33522454
DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2020.1869645 -
Memory (Hove, England) Aug 2021
Topics: Deja Vu; Dissociative Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 34372743
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1911197 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Feb 2022Functional seizures (FS) known also as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or dissociative seizures, present with ictal semiological manifestations, along with various... (Review)
Review
Functional seizures (FS) known also as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures or dissociative seizures, present with ictal semiological manifestations, along with various comorbid neurological and psychological disorders. Terminology inconsistencies and discrepancies in nomenclatures of FS may reflect limitations in understanding the neuropsychiatric intricacies of this disorder. Psychological and neurobiological processes of FS are incompletely understood. Nevertheless, important advances have been made on underlying neuropsychopathophysiological mechanisms of FS. These advances provide valuable information about the underlying mechanisms of mind-body interactions. From this perspective, this narrative review summarises recent studies about aetiopathogenesis of FS at two levels: possible risk factors (why) and different aetiopathogenic models of FS (how). We divided possible risk factors for FS into three categories, namely neurobiological, psychological and cognitive risk factors. We also presented different models of FS based on psychological and neuroanatomical understanding, multilevel models and integrative understanding of FS. This work should help professionals to better understand current views on the multifactorial mechanisms involved in the development of FS. Shedding light on the different FS profiles in terms of aetiopathogenesis will help guide how best to direct therapy, based on these different underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Comorbidity; Conversion Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Dissociative Disorders; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Risk Factors; Seizures; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 34824146
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-326708 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2021Conversion and dissociation in their relationship have made a lot of pendulum movements over time between moving together and away from each other. In the run-up to the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Conversion and dissociation in their relationship have made a lot of pendulum movements over time between moving together and away from each other. In the run-up to the introduction of DSM-5, it was argued that conversion should be classified as a dissociative disorder, but this didn't happen.
AIM
In this article, the clinical scientific evidence is examined for the relationship between conversion and dissociation. We provide an overview of the recent clinical studies that examine both syndromes together. We also investigate the main overlapping predisposing characteristics and psychopathological explanatory models of both syndromes.
METHOD
Literature review in PubMed and PsycArticles.
RESULTS
Our findings confirm that there is a large comorbidity between conversive and dissociative symptoms in clinical reality. Both syndromes have a high prevalence of reported trauma and emotion dysregulation. However, evidence for present biomarkers is still llimited. The underlying explanation models are applicable for both conversion and dissociation.
CONCLUSION
We want to draw attention to the plea to bring conversion disorders back together with dissociative disorders. Moreover, the possible presence of trauma, the influential role of psychosocial stressors, the present psychiatric co-morbidity and the style of emotion regulation seem to justify the approach to conversion problems from a biopsychosocial perspective rather than from a purely biomedical perspective.
Topics: Comorbidity; Conversion Disorder; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Dissociative Disorders; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 34231865
DOI: No ID Found -
Consciousness and Cognition Mar 2021Hypnotic suggestibility is part of the wider psychological trait of direct verbal suggestibility (DVS). Historically, DVS in hypnosis has informed theories of... (Review)
Review
Hypnotic suggestibility is part of the wider psychological trait of direct verbal suggestibility (DVS). Historically, DVS in hypnosis has informed theories of consciousness and of conversion disorder. More recently it has served as a research tool in cognitive science and in cognitive neuroscience in particular. Here we consider DVS as a general trait, its relation to other psychological characteristics and abilities, and to the origin and treatment of clinical conditions. We then outline the distribution of DVS in the population, its measurement, relationship to other forms of suggestibility, placebo responsiveness, personal characteristics, gender, neurological processes and other factors, such as expectancy. There is currently no scale specifically designed to measure DVS outside a hypnotic context. The most commonly used and well-researched of the hypnosis-based scales, the Harvard Group Scale, is described and identified as a basis for a more broadly based measure of DVS for use in psychological research.
Topics: Consciousness; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Hypnosis; Suggestion
PubMed: 33556865
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103036 -
Progress in Brain Research 2022Patients who display the neurological phenomena variously referred to as pseudoseizures, dissociative seizures, or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures present an... (Review)
Review
Patients who display the neurological phenomena variously referred to as pseudoseizures, dissociative seizures, or psychogenic non-epileptic seizures present an important problem in the treatment of epilepsy. Their convulsive or non-convulsive episodes show no epileptiform activity on electroencephalography but are distressing and debilitating to patients so afflicted, and can be difficult to distinguish from classical epilepsy. It is important to make this distinction, as the treatment for pseudoseizures is typically cognitive behavioral therapy rather than anticonvulsant medication. This review describes the clinical differences in the signs and symptoms of patients with pseudoseizures vs classical epileptic seizures, as well as the underlying mechanisms triggering pseudoseizures, and the outcomes achieved with the treatment paradigms currently available for them.
Topics: Conversion Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Dissociative Disorders; Electroencephalography; Epilepsy; Humans; Seizures
PubMed: 35667799
DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.03.003 -
The American Journal of Psychiatry Feb 2021
Topics: Brain; Depersonalization; Dissociative Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 33517751
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20121728