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Journal of Medical Microbiology Jun 2023Differences in gut bacteria that are associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) exist between sexes, and males have a higher morbidity of...
Differences in gut bacteria that are associated with the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) exist between sexes, and males have a higher morbidity of CRC. Clinical data for the relationship between gut bacteria and sexes in patients with CRC are not available and are needed to support individualized screening and treatment programmes. To analyse the relationship between gut bacteria and sexes in patients with CRC. A total of 6 077 samples recruited by Fudan University's Academy of Brain Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology were included, and the gut bacteria composition mainly shows the top 30 genera. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) was used to analyse the differences in gut bacteria. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to demonstrate the relationship of discrepant bacteria. CRC risk prediction models were used to rank the importance of valid discrepant bacteria. and were the top three bacteria in males with CRC, while and were the top three bacteria in females with CRC. The abundance of gut bacteria (, , etc.) was higher in males with CRC compared with that in females with CRC. In addition, and were important CRC-related bacteria (<0.001). Finally, the importance of discrepant bacteria was ranked based on CRC risk prediction models. and were the top three important discrepant bacteria between males with CRC and females with CRC. The value of AUC was 1.0, the sensitivity was 92.0 %, the specificity was 68.4 %, and the accuracy was 83.3 % in the discovery set. Gut bacteria were correlated with sexes and CRC. It is necessary to consider gender when gut bacteria are used to treat and predict CRC.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Colorectal Neoplasms; Sex Characteristics; Artificial Intelligence; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Feces; Bacteria
PubMed: 37294282
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001706 -
Biochemistry Dec 2022Bile acids are essential metabolites and signaling molecules in mammals. Primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. At the same time, the...
Bile acids are essential metabolites and signaling molecules in mammals. Primary bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. At the same time, the microbiota in the mammalian gut has many interactions with bile acid, including various biotransformation processes such as 7-dehydroxylation and 3-epimerization. 7-Dehydroxylation is mediated by a bile acid-inducible () operon, while 7-dehydroxylation and 3-epimerization are independently observed in only a few strains. Herein, we describe a novel microbe, sp. AM58-8, that can accomplish a two-step transformation and turn primary bile acids into both 3α secondary bile acids like deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid, and 3β secondary bile acids like isodeoxycholic acid and isolithocholic acid. We subsequently characterized BaiA, BaiB, BaiE, and their substrate profiles biochemically. The potential gene clusters in the metagenomes were further mined. Their evolution, potential functions, and possible regulatory pathways were predicted using bioinformatics based on our understanding of the 7-dehydroxylation pathway in sp. AM58-8. This study of sp. AM58-8 also helps us distinguish the inactive bacteria that seem to have the 7-dehydroxylation pathway proteins and discover the 7-dehydroxylation pathway in other mammalian gut microbes.
Topics: Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Bacteria; Operon; Mammals
PubMed: 36130198
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00264 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Nicotine dependence is a key factor influencing the diversity of gut microbiota, and targeting gut microbiota may become a new approach for the prevention and treatment...
BACKGROUND
Nicotine dependence is a key factor influencing the diversity of gut microbiota, and targeting gut microbiota may become a new approach for the prevention and treatment of nicotine dependence. However, the causal relationship between the two is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the causal relationship between nicotine dependence and gut microbiota.
METHODS
A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using the largest existing gut microbiota and nicotine dependence genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Causal relationships between genetically predicted nicotine dependence and gut microbiota abundance were examined using inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, weighted mode, and MR-PRESSO approaches. Cochrane's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed as sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of the results. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis was also conducted to eliminate the interference of smoking-related phenotypes. Reverse Mendelian randomization analysis was then performed to determine the causal relationship between genetically predicted gut microbiota abundance and nicotine dependence.
RESULTS
Genetically predicted nicotine dependence had a causal effect on (β: -0.52, 95% CI: -0.934-0.106, P = 0.014). The group (OR: 1.106, 95% CI: 1.004-1.218), (OR: 1.118, 95% CI: 1.001-1.249) and (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.001-1.167) were risk factors for nicotine dependence. (OR: 0.905, 95% CI: 0.837-0.977), (OR: 0.014, 95% CI: 0.819-0.977), (OR: 0.841, 95% CI. 0.731-0.968), (OR: 0.831, 95% CI: 0.735-0.939) and (OR: 0.838, 95% CI: 0.739-0.951) were protective factor for nicotine dependence. The sensitivity analysis showed consistent results.
CONCLUSION
The Mendelian randomization study confirmed the causal link between genetically predicted risk of nicotine dependence and genetically predicted abundance of gut microbiota. Gut microbiota may serve as a biomarker and offer insights for addressing nicotine dependence.
Topics: Humans; Tobacco Use Disorder; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Smoking; Clostridiales
PubMed: 38022531
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1244272 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting nearly 25% of the global adult population. Increasing...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting nearly 25% of the global adult population. Increasing evidence suggests that functional and compositional changes in the gut microbiota may contribute to the development and promote the progression of NAFLD. 16S rRNA gene next-generation sequencing is widely used to determine specific features of the NAFLD microbiome, but a complex system such as the gut microbiota requires a comprehensive approach. We used three different approaches: MALDI-TOF-MS of bacterial cultures, qPCR, and 16S NGS sequencing, as well as a wide variety of statistical methods to assess the differences in gut microbiota composition between NAFLD patients without significant fibrosis and the control group. The listed methods showed enrichment in sp. and for the control samples and enrichment in (and in particular sp.) and in NAFLD. The families, , , and (particularly and ), were also found to be important taxa for NAFLD microbiome evaluation. Considering individual method observations, an increase in and a decrease in for NAFLD patients were detected using MALDI-TOF-MS. An increase in , , , , , and , and a decrease in in NAFLD were observed with 16S NGS, and enrichment in was shown using qPCR analysis. These findings confirm that NAFLD is associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Further investigations are required to determine the cause-and-effect relationships and the impact of microbiota-derived compounds on the development and progression of NAFLD.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fibrosis; Microbiota; Bacteroidetes; Liver
PubMed: 37894951
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015272 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Despite the recent breakthroughs in targeted and immunotherapy for melanoma, the overall survival rate remains low. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid...
Despite the recent breakthroughs in targeted and immunotherapy for melanoma, the overall survival rate remains low. In recent years, considerable attention has been paid to the gut microbiota and other modifiable patient factors (e.g., diet and body composition), though their role in influencing therapeutic responses has yet to be defined. Here, we characterized a cohort of 31 patients with unresectable IIIC-IV-stage cutaneous melanoma prior to initiation of targeted or first-line immunotherapy via the following methods: (i) fecal microbiome and metabolome via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, respectively, and (ii) anthropometry, body composition, nutritional status, physical activity, biochemical parameters, and immunoprofiling. According to our data, patients subsequently classified as responders were obese (i.e., with high body mass index and high levels of total, visceral, subcutaneous, and intramuscular adipose tissue), non-sarcopenic, and enriched in certain fecal taxa (e.g., ) and metabolites (e.g., anethole), which were potentially endowed with immunostimulatory and oncoprotective activities. On the other hand, non-response was associated with increased proportions of , , , , , higher neutrophil levels (and a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio), and higher fecal levels of butyric acid and its esters, which also correlated with decreased survival. This exploratory study provides an integrated list of potential early prognostic biomarkers that could improve the clinical management of patients with advanced melanoma, in particular by guiding the design of adjuvant therapeutic strategies to improve treatment response and support long-term health improvement.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Melanoma; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Skin Neoplasms; Metabolome; Feces; Body Composition
PubMed: 37511376
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411611 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2021A number of studies have identified that gut microbiota influences the development of cancer. However, there is little known about gut microbiota and esophageal cancer...
A number of studies have identified that gut microbiota influences the development of cancer. However, there is little known about gut microbiota and esophageal cancer (EC). The aim of this study was to investigate the gut microbiota profile associated with EC. In this study, 23 patients with EC and 23 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (NC) were recruited between July 2019 and August 2019 at Huai'an First People's Hospital (Huai'an, China) and the gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fresh stool samples. We found that the microbial richness of intestinal flora in patients with EC were higher than NC, whereas evenness did not change obviously. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) analysis both revealed that a distinct separation in bacterial community composition between the EC and NC. At the phylum level, the EC group showed significantly higher abundances of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, but a lower Bacteroidetes than NC. At the genus level, a significantly increased abundance of Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Subdoligranulum, Blautia, Romboutsia, Collinsella, Paeniclostridium, Dorea, and Atopobium were observed in EC patients, while Lachnospira, Bacteroides, Agathobacter, Lachnoclostridium, Parabacteroides, Paraprevotella, Butyricicoccus, Tyzzerella, Fusicatenibacter, and Sutterella were reduced. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that Lachnospira, Bacteroides, Streptococcus, and Bifidobacterium both achieved a high accuracy in EC diagnosis (area under the curve was more than 0.85), and the Lachnospira was found to be the best classifier. This study firstly characterized the gut microbiota composition of EC patients and screened out the optimal potential microbiota biomarkers for EC diagnosis. It may provide a fundamental reference for further studies on the gut microbiome for the diagnosis and treatment of EC.
Topics: China; Dysbiosis; Esophageal Neoplasms; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33378710
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104709 -
Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and... May 2023Many studies on bovine mammary glands focus on one stage of development. Often missing in those studies are repeated measures of development from the same animals. As...
Many studies on bovine mammary glands focus on one stage of development. Often missing in those studies are repeated measures of development from the same animals. As milk production is directly affected by amount of parenchymal tissue within the udder, understanding mammary gland growth along with visualization of its structures during development is essential. Therefore, analysis of ultrasound and histology data from the same animals would result in better understanding of mammary development over time. Thus, this research aimed to describe mammary gland development using non-invasive and invasive tools to delineate growth rate of glandular tissue responsible for potential future milk production. Mammary gland ultrasound images, biopsy samples, and blood samples were collected from 36 heifer dairy calves beginning at 10 weeks of age, and evaluated at 26, 39, and 52 weeks. Parenchyma was quantified at 10 weeks of age using ultrasound imaging and histological evaluation, and average echogenicity was utilized to quantify parenchyma at later stages of development. A significant negative correlation was detected between average echogenicity of parenchyma at 10 weeks and total adipose as a percent of histological whole tissue at 52 weeks. Additionally, a negative correlation between average daily gain at 10 and 26 weeks and maximum echogenicity at 52 weeks was present. These results suggest average daily gain and mammary gland development prior to 39 weeks of age is associated with development of the mammary gland after 39 weeks. These findings could be predictors of future milk production, however this must be further explored.
Topics: Cattle; Animals; Female; Diet; Obesity; Mammary Glands, Animal; Parenchymal Tissue; Milk
PubMed: 37249685
DOI: 10.1007/s10911-023-09534-0 -
EBioMedicine May 2021The relationship between tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide, and the microbiome, which is critical for health, is poorly...
BACKGROUND
The relationship between tuberculosis (TB), one of the leading infectious causes of death worldwide, and the microbiome, which is critical for health, is poorly understood.
METHODS
To identify potential microbiome-host interactions, profiling of the oral, sputum and stool microbiota [n = 58 cases, n = 47 culture-negative symptomatic controls (SCs)] and whole blood transcriptome were done in pre-treatment presumptive pulmonary TB patients. This was a cross-sectional study. Microbiota were also characterised in close contacts of cases (CCCs, n = 73) and close contacts of SCs (CCSCs, n = 82) without active TB.
FINDINGS
Cases and SCs each had similar α- and β-diversities in oral washes and sputum, however, β-diversity differed in stool (PERMANOVA p = 0•035). Cases were enriched with anaerobes in oral washes, sputum (Paludibacter, Lautropia in both) and stool (Erysipelotrichaceae, Blautia, Anaerostipes) and their stools enriched in microbial genes annotated as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. In pairwise comparisons with their CCCs, cases had Megasphaera-enriched oral and sputum microbiota and Bifidobacterium-, Roseburia-, and Dorea-depleted stools. Compared to their CCSCs, SCs had reduced α-diversities and many differential taxa per specimen type. Cases differed transcriptionally from SCs in peripheral blood (PERMANOVA p = 0•001). A co-occurrence network analysis showed stool taxa, Erysipelotrichaceae and Blautia, to negatively co-correlate with enriched "death receptor" and "EIF2 signalling" pathways whereas Anaerostipes positively correlated with enriched "interferon signalling", "Nur77 signalling" and "inflammasome" pathways; all of which are host pathways associated with disease severity. In contrast, none of the taxa enriched in SCs correlated with host pathways.
INTERPRETATION
TB-specific microbial relationships were identified in oral washes, induced sputum, and stool from cases before the confounding effects of antibiotics. Specific anaerobes in cases' stool predict upregulation of pro-inflammatory immunological pathways, supporting the gut microbiota's role in TB.
FUNDING
European & Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, South African-Medical Research Council, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammasomes; Interferons; Male; Signal Transduction; Transcriptome; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 33975252
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103374 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022Microplastic has become a growing environmental problem. A balanced microbial environment is an important factor in human health. This study is the first observational... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Microplastic has become a growing environmental problem. A balanced microbial environment is an important factor in human health. This study is the first observational cross-sectional study focusing on the effects of microplastics on the nasal and gut microbiota in a highly exposed population.
METHODS
We recruited 20 subjects from a Plastic Factory (microplastics high-exposure area) and the other 20 from Huanhuaxi Park (microplastics low-exposure area) in Chengdu, China. We performed the microplastic analysis of soil, air, and intestinal secretions by laser infrared imaging, and microbiological analysis of nasal and intestinal secretions by 16S rDNA sequencing.
RESULTS
The result shows that the detected points of microplastics in the environment of the high-exposure area were significantly more than in the low-exposure area. Polyurethane was the main microplastic component detected. The microplastic content of intestinal secretions in the high-exposure group was significantly higher than in the low-exposure group. Specifically, the contents of polyurethane, silicone resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyethylene in the high-exposure group were significantly higher than in the low-exposure group. Moreover, high exposure may increase the abundance of nasal microbiotas, which are positively associated with respiratory tract diseases, such as and , and reduce the abundance of those beneficial ones, such as . Simultaneously, it may increase the abundance of intestinal microbiotas, which are positively associated with digestive tract diseases, such as , and , and reduce the abundance of intestinal microbiotas, which are beneficial for health, such as , and . A combined analysis revealed that high exposure to microplastics may not only lead to alterations in dominant intestinal and nasal microbiotas but also change the symbiotic relationship between intestinal and nasal microbiotas.
CONCLUSION
The results innovatively revealed how microplastics can affect the intestinal and nasal microecosystems.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
ChiCTR2100049480 on August 2, 2021.
Topics: Humans; Microplastics; Plastics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Polyurethanes; Cross-Sectional Studies
PubMed: 36388272
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1005535 -
Microorganisms Sep 2023Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The association between gut microbiota and depression has barely been investigated in the Japanese population. We...
Depression is a leading cause of disease worldwide. The association between gut microbiota and depression has barely been investigated in the Japanese population. We analyzed Iwaki health check-up data collected from 2017 to 2019 and constructed generalized linear mixed models. The independent variable was the relative abundance of each of the 37 gut microbiota genera that were reported to be associated with depression. The dependent variable was the presence of depression assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Potential confounders, including grip strength, gender, height, weight, smoking, and drinking habits, were adjusted in the regression models. Nine genera's regression coefficients (, , , , , , , , and ) showed statistical significance after multiple comparisons adjustment. Among these nine gut bacteria genera, , , , , , and were reported to be associated with butyrate production in the intestine. Our results indicate that gut microbiotas may influence the depression condition of the host via the butyrate-producing process.
PubMed: 37764129
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092286