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Indian Journal of Gastroenterology :... Dec 2023Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection, with approximately half of the world's population estimated to be colonized. The World Health... (Review)
Review
Helicobacter pylori is the most prevalent chronic bacterial infection, with approximately half of the world's population estimated to be colonized. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified Helicobacter pylori as a class-I carcinogen. All main society guidelines recommend its eradication in infected individuals. The global trend indicates that eradication rates are decreasing annually and the likelihood of eradication decreases with each unsuccessful therapeutic attempt. Resistance to antibiotics in H. pylori strains is the leading cause for eradication failure. Still, drug resistance and treatment failure may be complex, multi-dimensional and associated with several other factors. Knowledge of these factors can aid in optimizing eradication rates. This review will focus on the factors associated with refractory H. pylori, with a particular emphasis on antibiotic resistance mechanisms and their clinical implications. Also, the most recent literature and recommendations available for determining an appropriate regimen after the failure of the first attempt at eradication will be discussed.
Topics: Humans; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Treatment Failure; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 37737326
DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01448-3 -
Nature Microbiology Nov 2023
Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37904044
DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01525-5 -
Nanoscale Sep 2022Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor chemotherapy and has a negative influence on the therapeutic effect. MDR is primarily... (Review)
Review
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main reasons for the failure of tumor chemotherapy and has a negative influence on the therapeutic effect. MDR is primarily attributable to two mechanisms: the activation of efflux pumps for drugs, which can transport intracellular drug molecules from cells, and other mechanisms not related to efflux pumps, , apoptosis prevention, strengthened DNA repair, and strong oxidation resistance. Nanodrug-delivery systems have recently attracted much attention, showing some unparalleled advantages such as drug targeting and reduced drug efflux, drug toxicity and side effects in reversing MDR. Notably, in drug-delivery platforms based on nanotechnology, multiple therapeutic strategies are integrated into one system, which can compensate for the limitations of individual strategies. In this review, the mechanisms of tumor MDR as well as common vectors and nanocarrier-combined therapy strategies to reverse MDR were summarized to promote the understanding of the latest progress in improving the efficiency of chemotherapy and synergistic strategies. In particular, the adoption of nanotechnology has been highlighted and the principles underlying this phenomenon have been elucidated, which may provide guidance for the development of more effective anticancer strategies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Nanotechnology; Neoplasms; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36056710
DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04418h -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jan 2021Antibiotic resistance in acne was first observed in the 1970s and has been a major concern in dermatology since the 1980s. The resistance rates and types of... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic resistance in acne was first observed in the 1970s and has been a major concern in dermatology since the 1980s. The resistance rates and types of antimicrobials have subsequently shown great variations in regions and countries. Illustrative of this is the resistance to topical erythromycin and clindamycin which continues to be a problem worldwide, while resistance to systemic treatment with tetracyclines has remained low during the past decade. The resistance for the newer macrolides like azithromycin and clarithromycin has been increasing. The results of antibiotic resistance may include treatment failure of acne, disturbance of skin microbiota, induction of opportunistic pathogens locally and systemically, and dissemination of resistant strains to both healthcare personnel and the general population. The ensuing complications, such as aggravated opportunistic infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes and the emergence of multiresistant superbugs, have not yet been confirmed.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Propionibacterium acnes
PubMed: 32474948
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16686 -
The Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2023
Topics: Humans; Plasmodium vivax; Mefloquine; Plasmodium cynomolgi; Antimalarials; Malaria, Vivax; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Multiple
PubMed: 36478038
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac470 -
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2022Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as a part of the standardized chemotherapy regimen. Cytotoxic... (Review)
Review
Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments for cancer that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs as a part of the standardized chemotherapy regimen. Cytotoxic chemicals delay and prevent cancer cells from multiplying, invading, and metastasizing. However, the significant drawbacks of cancer chemotherapy are the lack of selectivity of the cytotoxic drugs to tumour cells and normal cells and the development of resistance by cells for the particular drug or the combination of drugs. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is the low sensitivity of specific cells against drugs associated with cancer chemotherapy. The most common mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance are: (a) drug-dependent MDR (b) target-dependent MDR, and (c) drug target-independent MDR. In all the factors, the overexpression of multidrug efflux systems contributes significantly to the increased resistance in the cancer cells. Multidrug resistance due to efflux of anticancer drugs by membrane ABC transporters includes ABCB1, ABCC1, and ABCG2. ABCB1 inhibition can restore the sensitivity of the cancerous cells toward chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we discussed ABCB1 inhibitors under clinical studies with their mode of action, potency and selectivity. Also, we have highlighted the contribution of repurposing drugs, biologics and nano formulation strategies to combat multidrug resistance by modulating the ABCB1 activity.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35751979
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114542 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Jul 2020Drug resistance is worldwide health care crisis which decrease drug efficacy and developing toxicities. Effective resistance detection techniques could alleviate... (Review)
Review
Drug resistance is worldwide health care crisis which decrease drug efficacy and developing toxicities. Effective resistance detection techniques could alleviate treatment cost and mortality associated with this crisis. In this review, the conventional and modern analysis methods for monitoring of drug resistance are presented. Also, various types of emerging rapid and sensitive techniques including electrochemical, electrical, optical and nano-based methods for the screening of drug resistance were discussed. Applications of various methods for the sensitive and rapid detection of drug resistance are investigated. The review outlines existing key issues in the determination which must be overcome before any of these techniques becomes a feasible method for the rapid detection of drug resistance. In this review, the roles of nanomaterials on development of novel methods for the monitoring of drug resistance were presented. Also, limitations and challenges of conventional and modern methods were discussed.
Topics: Animals; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Electrochemical Techniques; Humans; Nanotechnology
PubMed: 32283481
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113265 -
Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets 2023Despite the advances made in cancer treatment in the past decades, therapeutic efficacy is still quite challenging, partially due to the emergence of multidrug... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Despite the advances made in cancer treatment in the past decades, therapeutic efficacy is still quite challenging, partially due to the emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR). It is crucial to decipher the underlying mechanisms of resistance in order to develop new therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. Previous studies have shown that activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays key roles in various cellular processes including proliferation, anti-apoptosis, metastasis, invasion, and chemoresistance.
AREAS COVERED
In this review, we conduct an integrated analysis of the evidence suggesting the vital roles of the NF-κB signaling pathway in MDR during chemotherapy, immunotherapy, endocrine, and targeted therapy. A literature search was performed on NF-κB and drug resistance in PubMed up to February 2023.
EXPERT OPINION
This review summarizes that the NF-κB signaling pathway exhibits a crucial role in enhancing drug resistance in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, endocrine, and targeted therapy. The application of combination therapy with existing antineoplastic drugs and a safe NF-κB inhibitor could become a promising strategy in cancer treatment. A better understanding of the pathway and mechanisms of drug resistance may help exploit safer and more effective NF-κB-targeting agents for clinical use in the future.
Topics: Humans; NF-kappa B; Signal Transduction; Antineoplastic Agents; Neoplasms; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37314372
DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2225767 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... Sep 2021Chemotherapy typically involves the use of specific chemodrugs to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but the frequent emergence of a variety of... (Review)
Review
Chemotherapy typically involves the use of specific chemodrugs to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells, but the frequent emergence of a variety of multidrug-resistant cancer cells poses a tremendous threat to our combat against cancer. The fundamental causes of multidrug resistance (MDR) have been studied for decades, and can be generally classified into two types: one is associated with the activation of diverse drug efflux pumps, which are responsible for translocating intracellular drug molecules out of the cells; the other is linked with some non-efflux pump-related mechanisms, such as antiapoptotic defense, enhanced DNA repair ability, and powerful antioxidant systems. To overcome MDR, intense efforts have been made to develop synergistic therapeutic strategies by introducing MDR inhibitors or combining chemotherapy with other therapeutic modalities, such as phototherapy, gene therapy, and gas therapy, in the hope that the drug-resistant cells can be sensitized toward chemotherapeutics. In particular, nanotechnology-based drug delivery platforms have shown the potential to integrate multiple therapeutic agents into one system. In this review, the focus was on the recent development of nanostrategies aiming to enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy and overcome the MDR of cancer in a synergistic manner. Different combinatorial strategies are introduced in detail and the advantages as well as underlying mechanisms of why these strategies can counteract MDR are discussed. This review is expected to shed new light on the design of advanced nanomedicines from the angle of materials and to deepen our understanding of MDR for the development of more effective anticancer strategies. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Nanomedicine; Neoplasms
PubMed: 33860622
DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1715 -
Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Dec 2022The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy is a major hurdle in the successful application of cancer therapy. Several anticancer approaches, including chemotherapies,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy is a major hurdle in the successful application of cancer therapy. Several anticancer approaches, including chemotherapies, radiotherapy, surgery and targeted therapies are being employed for the treatment of cancer. However, cancer cells reprogram themselves in multiple ways to evade the effect of these therapies, and over a period of time, the drug becomes inactive due to the development of multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR is a complex phenomenon where malignant cells become insensitive to anticancer drugs and attain the ability to survive even after several exposures of anticancer drugs. In this review, we have discussed the molecular and cellular paradigms of multidrug resistance in cancer.
RECENT FINDINGS
An Extensive research in cancer biology revealed that drug resistance in cancer is the result of perpetuated intracellular and extracellular mechanisms such as drug efflux, drug inactivation, drug target alteration, oncogenic mutations, altered DNA damage repair mechanism, inhibition of programmed cell death signaling, metabolic reprogramming, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), inherent cell heterogeneity, epigenetic changes, redox imbalance, or any combination of these mechanisms. An inevitable cross-link between inflammation and drug resistance has been discussed. This review provided insight molecular mechanism to understand the vulnerabilities of cancer cells to develop drug resistance.
CONCLUSION
MDR is an outcome of interplays between multiple intricate pathways responsible for the inactivation of drug and development of resistance. MDR is a major obstacle in regimens of successful application of anti-cancer therapy. An improved understanding of the molecular mechanism of multi drug resistance and cellular reprogramming can provide a promising opportunity to combat drug resistance in cancer and intensify anti-cancer therapy for the upcoming future.
Topics: Humans; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Resistance, Multiple; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 33052041
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1291