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Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Aug 2022The universal spread of novel virus named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also known as 2019-nCoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory... (Review)
Review
The universal spread of novel virus named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) also known as 2019-nCoV, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) declared by the world health organisation (WHO). This virus has dived in to multiorgan, with clinical manifestations of fever, sore throat, dry cough, dyspnoea, chest pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and muscle pain. As novel coronavirus been categorised as HG3 infection which has highest with inhalation and by skin surface contact. As previous pandemics have occurred like SARS and MERS special attention to autopsy had been given to prevent exposure to the healthcare workers. Similar attention should be given to the autopsy protocols and underlying pathology for COVID-19 infection so as to better understanding of the disease for further control and treatment guidelines. Thus, herein we bring and summarise review of literature for understanding.
PubMed: 36352997
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_2359_21 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2021A 63-year-old woman with grade 2 infiltrating left breast carcinoma who was started on ribociclib complained of exertional dyspnoea along with dry cough. There were...
A 63-year-old woman with grade 2 infiltrating left breast carcinoma who was started on ribociclib complained of exertional dyspnoea along with dry cough. There were bilateral interscapular crackles and chest X-ray evidence of bilateral mid and lower zone non-homogeneous opacity. The patient's pulmonary function test (PFT) showed moderate restrictions and desaturation. CT was suggestive of organising pneumonia and drug administration was stopped. The patient was treated with steroids in tapering doses, which led to improvements. The drug was restarted with the probability of other aetiologies for interstetial lung disease (ILD). It was also considered the superior efficacy of ribociclib in managing breast cancer. But due to evidence indicating the reappearance of organising pneumonia following drug administration, it was again stopped, and steroid use was restarted for treatment. The patient showed improvements in subsequent follow-ups.
Topics: Aminopyridines; Cough; Dyspnea; Humans; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Purines
PubMed: 34930762
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245187 -
Federal Practitioner : For the Health... Sep 2023
PubMed: 38562160
DOI: 10.12788/fp.0407 -
Chest Sep 2023A 71-year-old woman sought treatment for a nonproductive cough. The patient had experienced no episodes of hemoptysis or shortness of breath. Her illness history...
A 71-year-old woman sought treatment for a nonproductive cough. The patient had experienced no episodes of hemoptysis or shortness of breath. Her illness history included lumbago and dry mouth. The patient did not smoke and had no significant family medical history or medication use. She had no allergies to any food or drugs. Blood test results, including a CBC count, biochemical examination, and coagulation, were unremarkable. Autoantibody screening revealed positive antinuclear antibody findings with a titer of speckled and nucleolar, and anti-Ro/SSA antibodies were elevated at 240 U/mL (normal range, < 7.0 U/mL). Chest CT scan imaging showed a slight infiltrative shadow of the bilateral lower lobes. Because the patient was suspected to have interstitial pneumonia resulting from Sjögren disease, we decided to perform fiber optic bronchoscopy with BAL for evaluation of interstitial lung disease.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Bronchoscopy; Hemoptysis; Cough; Dyspnea; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 37689476
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.027 -
Respiratory Medicine Oct 2023Refractory/unexplained cough (RUCC) is typically associated with throat symptoms and a dry cough. Some patients attending specialist cough clinics however, report sputum...
INTRODUCTION
Refractory/unexplained cough (RUCC) is typically associated with throat symptoms and a dry cough. Some patients attending specialist cough clinics however, report sputum production (>1 tablespoon daily) and atypical sensations (urge-to-cough in chest). Bronchoscopy findings in this specific cohort have rarely been described.
AIMS
We aimed to evaluate bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell differential and microbiology findings in RUCC with mucus production.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed case notes, procedure results and treatment of patients undergoing bronchoscopy for RUCC with more than a tablespoon of sputum daily.
RESULTS
Data were included from 54 patients with RUCC, normal or trivial findings on CT (Computerised Tomography) imaging and no response to guideline-directed treatment of their cough. Most (84%) patients had BAL neutrophilia and excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) was seen in 31%. Treatment strategies in these patients differed to those adopted in typical RUCC associated with a dry cough. Management was influenced or changed in 48/54 (89%) of the patients undergoing bronchoscopy.
CONCLUSIONS
Bronchoscopy provides high diagnostic value in RUCC with mucus production (>1 tbsp daily), identifying specific treatable traits including neutrophilic airway inflammation and EDAC.
Topics: Humans; Cough; Bronchoscopy; Retrospective Studies; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Mucus; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
PubMed: 37468018
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107335 -
Journal of the American College of... Feb 2021
PubMed: 33554210
DOI: 10.1002/emp2.12376 -
American Family Physician Oct 2020Common presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 include fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. However, patients may have a wide range of symptoms... (Review)
Review
Common presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 include fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and fatigue. However, patients may have a wide range of symptoms representing a spectrum of mild to severe illness. Symptoms in children tend to be milder and may include fever, cough, and feeding difficulty. The incubation period is two to 14 days, although symptoms typically appear within five days of exposure. Multiple testing modalities exist, but infection should be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing using a nasopharyngeal swab. There are no evidence- based treatments appropriate for use in the outpatient setting; management is supportive and should include education about isolation. In hospitalized patients, remdesivir should be considered to reduce time to recovery, and low-dose dexamethasone should be considered in patients who require supplemental oxygen. Overall, 85% of patients have mild illness, whereas 14% have severe disease requiring hospitalization, including 5% who require admission to an intensive care unit. Predictors of severe disease include increasing age, comorbidities, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, leukocytosis, low oxygen saturation, and increased levels of C-reactive protein, d-dimer, transaminases, and lactate dehydrogenase.
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; COVID-19 Testing; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prognosis; SARS-CoV-2; Severity of Illness Index; Symptom Assessment; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 33064422
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Apr 2023E-cigarette use is associated with pulmonary inflammation, functional respiratory changes, and chronic lung disease. Most population-level E-cigarette research has...
INTRODUCTION
E-cigarette use is associated with pulmonary inflammation, functional respiratory changes, and chronic lung disease. Most population-level E-cigarette research has utilized point-in-time measures of E-cigarette exposures, which may not generalize to adults who transition between cigarettes and E-cigarettes.
METHODS
Data obtained from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were collected from 2013 to 2019 and analyzed in 2022. Three observations were created per respondent, with exposure intervals assessed over Waves 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4. Each wave of the exposure interval was classified as nonuse, exclusive E-cigarette use, exclusive smoking, or dual use, producing 16 possible cigarette‒E-cigarette transitions. The association between transitions and both dry nighttime cough and wheeze symptom development during follow-up were assessed using mixed-effects Poisson models.
RESULTS
Among 33,231 observations from 13,528 unique participants, transitioning from nonuse to exclusive E-cigarette use was associated with 1.62 times higher incidence rate of wheeze (incident rate ratio=1.62; 95% CI=1.12, 2.34) than persistent nonuse. There was no change in reported dry nighttime cough (incident rate ratio=0.84; 95% CI=0.52, 1.35) or wheeze (incident rate ratio=0.87; 95% CI=0.52, 1.46) in individuals who switched from cigarettes to E-cigarettes, whereas transitioning from dual use to E-cigarette use was associated with large reductions in both symptoms (incident rate ratio=0.58; 95% CI=0.39, 0.87 and incident rate ratio=0.36; 95% CI=0.20, 0.63, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
E-cigarette initiation among nonusers is associated with increased respiratory morbidity. Further research should assess the risks and benefits of E-cigarette‒assisted cigarette cessation given the reduction in symptom development rates among dual use to E-cigarette switchers.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Cough; Tobacco Products; Smoking; Vaping
PubMed: 36470837
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.10.006 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Aug 2023Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are superior in primary and secondary prevention for cardiac mortality and morbidity to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are superior in primary and secondary prevention for cardiac mortality and morbidity to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs). One of the common side effects from ACEI is dry cough. The aims of this systematic review, and network meta-analysis are to rank the risk of cough induced by different ACEIs and between ACEI and placebo, ARB or calcium channel blockers (CCB). We performed a systematic review, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to rank the risk of cough induced by each ACEI and between ACEI and placebo, ARB or CCB. A total of 135 RCTs with 45,420 patients treated with eleven ACEIs were included in the analyses. The pooled estimated relative risk (RR) between ACEI and placebo was 2.21 (95% CI: 2.05-2.39). ACEI had more incidences of cough than ARB (RR 3.2; 95% CI: 2.91, 3.51), and pooled estimated of RR between ACEI and CCB was 5.30 (95% CI: 4.32-6.50) Moexipril ranked as number one for inducing cough (SUCRA 80.4%) and spirapril ranked the least (SUCRA 12.3%). The order for the rest of the ACEIs are as follows: ramipril (SUCRA 76.4%), fosinopril (SUCRA 72.5%), lisinopril (SUCRA 64.7%), benazepril (SUCRA 58.6%), quinapril (SUCRA 56.5%), perindopril (SUCRA 54.1%), enalapril (SUCRA 49.7%), trandolapril (SUCRA 44.6%) and, captopril (SUCRA 13.7%). All ACEI has the similar risk of developing a cough. ACEI should be avoided in patients who have risk of developing cough, and an ARB or CCB is an alternative based on the patient's comorbidity.
Topics: Humans; Antihypertensive Agents; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Network Meta-Analysis; Cough; Hypertension; Calcium Channel Blockers
PubMed: 37417783
DOI: 10.1111/jch.14695 -
Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No... Nov 2022Among patients with RFC1 spectrum disorders represented by the phenotype of cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS), at least 60%...
Among patients with RFC1 spectrum disorders represented by the phenotype of cerebellar ataxia with neuropathy and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS), at least 60% are known to manifest chronic, paroxysmal, and spasmodic dry cough. Chronic cough is a key diagnostic feature of RFC1-related diseases. It is often the first symptom and, in some cases, precedes neurological symptoms such as ataxia and sensory disturbance for more than 30 years. Although the pathogenesis of the cough remains unclear, it is possible that impairment of the vagus nerve, which includes an afferent pathway of the cough reflex, or the cerebellum would have contributed to the generation of the cough.
Topics: Humans; Cough; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Syndrome; Cerebellar Ataxia; Ataxia
PubMed: 36343931
DOI: 10.11477/mf.1416202226