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The Journal of International Medical... Jun 2020To assess the efficacy of herbal medicine (cinnamon/fennel/ginger) for treating primary dysmenorrhea. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of herbal medicine (cinnamon/fennel/ginger) for treating primary dysmenorrhea.
METHODS
Relevant studies were searched in multiple databases. The weighted mean difference (WMD) was used as the effect indicator for measurement data, and each effect size was given estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Nine studies with 647 patients were selected. Compared with the results in the control group, pain intensity was significantly relieved in the trial group when assessed by the intervention (cinnamon placebo: WMD = 1.815, 95% CI = 1.330-2.301; fennel placebo: WMD = 0.528, 95% CI = 0.119-6.829; ginger placebo: WMD = 2.902, 95% CI = 2.039-3.765), observation period (one cycle: WMD = 2.061, 95% CI = 0.815-3.307; one cycles: WMD = 1.831, 95% CI = 0.973-2.690), and study quality (high quality: WMD = 2.224, 95% CI = 1.488-2.960). Pain duration was significantly shorter in the trial group (cinnamon placebo: WMD = 16.200, 95% CI = 15.271-17.129). No publication bias was observed for either outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
For primary dysmenorrhea, cinnamon/fennel/ginger effectively reduced pain intensity, and cinnamon shortened the duration of pain. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Topics: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Foeniculum; Zingiber officinale; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 32603204
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520936179 -
Gaceta Sanitaria 2021The purpose of this review is to determine the use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to determine the use of aromatherapy in primary dysmenorrhea.
METHOD
This is a literature review by searching article databases through Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Microsoft Academic, ProQuest, Semantic Scholar. The selection period for article publication is from 2015 to 2021. A total of 96 articles were obtained, and 30 articles could be entered according to the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Thirty articles were analyzed, it is shown that aromatherapy effectively reduces the intensity of primary dysmenorrheal pain. The sample size of the 30 articles varied from 16 samples to 200 research samples, and the research design used experiments, clinical trials, and ex vivo, in vivo, and in vitro studies.
CONCLUSION
Aromatherapy is an effective alternative intervention that can be used to reduce the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea pain.
Topics: Aromatherapy; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans
PubMed: 34929908
DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.090 -
Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology Sep 2020Dysmenorrhea is common in adolescents. Most have primary dysmenorrhea and respond to empiric treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or hormonal... (Review)
Review
Dysmenorrhea is common in adolescents. Most have primary dysmenorrhea and respond to empiric treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or hormonal therapies. Infrequently, patients have persistent symptoms requiring further evaluation including a pelvic examination, ultrasonography, and/or diagnostic laparoscopy. The most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in adolescents is endometriosis. Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent, inflammatory condition with no surgical or medical cure. Treatment is individualized and typically includes surgical diagnosis with resection and/or ablation limited to visible lesions followed by hormonal suppressive therapy in an attempt to relieve symptoms, limit disease progression, and protect fertility. Multidisciplinary attention to comorbidities and pain management as well as patient education and support are important.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Dysmenorrhea; Endometriosis; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Gynecological Examination; Humans; Pain Management; Reproductive Health
PubMed: 32366763
DOI: 10.1097/GRF.0000000000000540 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2023Current medical treatments for endometriosis-associated pain (EAP) have limitations, including symptom recurrence and hormonal side effects. For this reason, it is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Current medical treatments for endometriosis-associated pain (EAP) have limitations, including symptom recurrence and hormonal side effects. For this reason, it is important to elucidate any alternative or complementary treatments available, while Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) shows potential to be this treatment. This study aims to provide evidence for the efficacy and safety of CHM for EAP. Randomized control trials comparing CHM to other treatments for EAP in women with endometriosis were considered eligible, and they were searched for in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as in the Chinese databases Sino-Med and CNKI, from inception to October 2021. Numerous outcomes were put through meta-analysis using a weighted mean difference and a 95% CI, and the results of dichotomous data were presented as a pooled RR with a 95% CI. A total of 34 eligible studies with 3389 participants were included. Compared with no treatment, there was a statistically significant pooled benefit of CHM on dysmenorrhea at the end of 3-month treatment, and these effects continued for 3 months, but not 9 months, after treatment. Compared with conventional therapy, a significant difference was found in the levels of pelvic pain with a lower rate of hot flush and irregular vaginal bleeding at the end of treatment for 3 months, but not after treatment. Comparing combined treatment with CHM and conventional therapy with conventional therapy alone, significant decreases were found in dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and pelvic pain after a 3-month treatment cycle, and in dysmenorrhea after a 4-month treatment cycle with a lower hot flash rate. In conclusion, CHM, used alone or in combination with conventional therapies, appears to have benefits in relieving EAP with fewer side effects than traditional treatment.
Topics: Female; Humans; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endometriosis; Dysmenorrhea; Pelvic Pain; Combined Modality Therapy
PubMed: 37120704
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X23500386 -
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Apr 2024Dysmenorrhea is the most common cause of gynecological pain among women that has considerable impact on quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing. Non-steroidal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Dysmenorrhea is the most common cause of gynecological pain among women that has considerable impact on quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and hormonal therapies are most commonly used to treat dysmenorrhea. However, given these drugs are often associated with bothersome side effects and are less effective when there is an underlying cause contributing to dysmenorrhea (e.g. endometriosis), a patient-centered approach to managing dysmenorrhea is important. Various new drugs are currently being investigated for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.
AREAS COVERED
This review provides an updated overview on new therapeutic targets and investigational drugs for the treatment of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea. The authors describe the clinical development and implications of these drugs.
EXPERT OPINION
Among the investigative drugs discussed in this review, anti-inflammatories show the most promising results for the treatment of dysmenorrhea. However, given some trials have considerable methodological limitations, many drugs cannot be currently recommended. Research focused on understanding the mechanisms involved in menstruation and its associated symptoms will be important to identify new therapeutic targets for dysmenorrhea. Further robust clinical trials are required to better understand the efficacy and safety of investigational drugs for treating primary and secondary dysmenorrhea.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Drugs, Investigational; Quality of Life; Endometriosis; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
PubMed: 38436301
DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2326627 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Oct 2023To explore the association between CA125 and dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis, and the factors affecting CA125 in adenomyosis.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the association between CA125 and dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis, and the factors affecting CA125 in adenomyosis.
METHODS
Patients were grouped a the presence of dysmenorrhea. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to assess the utility of CA125 for dysmenorrhea. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify the factors associating dysmenorrhea and CA125 level.
RESULTS
Patients in the dysmenorrhea group had higher CA125 levels than those in the non-dysmenorrhea group. For those with dysmenorrhea, CA125 levels of diffuse subtype group were higher than those of the focal subtype group. The CA125 level of 35 U/mL was validated as the optimal cut-point for dysmenorrhea in ROC curves. Compared with patients whose CA125 was 35 U/mL or less, those with CA125 levels greater than 35 U/mL were more likely to have dysmenorrhea. Thereafter, the multiple regression analysis showed that adenomyotic lesion volume was positively correlated with CA125 level in the total cohort and subtype groups, while age was negatively correlated with CA125 level in the total cohort and diffuse subtype.
CONCLUSIONS
The pathogenesis of adenomyosis is not clear. CA125 was associated with dysmenorrhea in adenomyosis, and, furthermore, CA125 level is positively correlated with the severity of the disease.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adenomyosis; Dysmenorrhea; CA-125 Antigen; Logistic Models
PubMed: 37177806
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.14832 -
American Journal of Reproductive... Apr 2024Adenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine myometrium. It is associated with... (Review)
Review
Adenomyosis (AM) is a common gynecological disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine myometrium. It is associated with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Although several mechanisms have been proposed to elucidate AM, the exact cause and development of the condition remain unclear. Recent studies have highlighted the significance of macrophage polarization in the microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in AM initiation and progression. However, a comprehensive review regarding the role and regulatory mechanism of macrophage polarization in AM is currently lacking. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the phenotype and function of macrophage polarization and the phenomenon of the polarization of adenomyosis-associated macrophages (AAMs). It also elaborates on the role and regulatory mechanism of AAM polarization in invasion/migration, fibrosis, angiogenesis, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying molecular mechanisms of AAM polarization and suggests future research directions. In conclusion, this review provides a new perspective on understanding the pathogenesis of AM and provides a theoretical foundation for developing targeted drugs through the regulation of AAM polarization.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adenomyosis; Dysmenorrhea; Endometrium; Myometrium; Infertility
PubMed: 38606715
DOI: 10.1111/aji.13841 -
PloS One 2023Considering the pharmacological treatment options for endometriosis-associated pain are confined to hormonal therapy and analgesics, we studied the analgesic effect of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Considering the pharmacological treatment options for endometriosis-associated pain are confined to hormonal therapy and analgesics, we studied the analgesic effect of 20 mg melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in women with endometriosis-associated pain. This randomized double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the Research Center for Womens' Health at Södersjukhuset, a university hospital in Stockholm, Sweden. Forty women from 18 to 50 years of age with endometriosis and severe dysmenorrhea with or without chronic pelvic pain were given 20 mg Melatonin or placebo orally daily for two consecutive menstrual cycles or months. The level of pain was recorded daily on the 11-point numeric rating scale, a difference of 1.3 units was considered clinically significant. Clincaltrials.gov nr NCT03782740. Sixteen participants completed the study in the placebo group and 18 in the melatonin group. The difference in endometriosis-associated pain between the groups showed to be non-significant statistically as well as clinically, 2.9 (SD 1.9) in the melatonin group and 3.3 (SD 2.0) in the placebo group, p = 0.45. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial could not show that 20 mg of melatonin given orally at bedtime had better analgesic effect on endometriosis-associated pain compared with placebo. No adverse effects were observed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Endometriosis; Melatonin; Pain Management; Pelvic Pain; Analgesics; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Double-Blind Method; Dysmenorrhea; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37267394
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286182 -
Annals of Emergency Medicine Aug 2022
Topics: Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans
PubMed: 35870861
DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.01.032 -
Journal of Women's Health (2002) Nov 2023This study determined the prevalence of bothersome menstrual symptoms and their association with workability in naturally menstruating women not using hormonal...
This study determined the prevalence of bothersome menstrual symptoms and their association with workability in naturally menstruating women not using hormonal contraception. A representative sample of community-dwelling Australian women aged 18-39 years selected from two large national electronic databases responded to a survey on general health. This study focuses on self-reported dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding and their association with workability and absenteeism in working women, assessed by the Workability Index. Of 3,555 women, 1,573 (44.2% [95% CI: 42.6%-45.9%]) reported moderate to severe dysmenorrhea and 774 (21.8% [95% CI: 20.4%-23.2%]) reported heavy to very heavy bleeding. Women with dysmenorrhea were 50% more likely to report poorer work performance and twice as likely to report more days of sick leave in the past year (absenteeism) than other women. Despite the availability of safe and effective management options, Australian working women aged 18-39 years continue to experience bothersome dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased absenteeism and poorer workability. Therefore, awareness needs to be raised among women and health care providers of ways to manage dysmenorrhea and heavy bleeding and the unmet need for intervention in the community, respectively.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dysmenorrhea; Absenteeism; Australia; Menstruation; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 37651151
DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2023.0199