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Depression and Anxiety Jun 2020The several meta-analyses of the effect of vitamin D on depression have produced inconsistent results and studies dealing with anxiety were not incorporated. There has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The several meta-analyses of the effect of vitamin D on depression have produced inconsistent results and studies dealing with anxiety were not incorporated. There has been no comprehensive analysis of how results are affected by the nature of the sample or the dosage and duration of supplementation. The study is aimed to investigate whether vitamin D supplementation reduces negative emotions and to analyze the possible influence of sample and regimen.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of vitamin D and placebo on negative emotion. Databases were searched for relevant articles published before February 2019.
RESULTS
The analysis covered 25 trials with a total of 7,534 participants and revealed an effect of vitamin D on negative emotion (Hedges' g = -0.4990, 95% CI [-0.8453, -0.1528], p = .0047, I = 97.7%). Subgroup analysis showed that vitamin D had an effect on patients with major depressive disorder and on subjects with serum 25(OH)D levels ≤50 nmol/L. The pooled data from trials of vitamin D supplementation lasting ≥8 weeks and dosage ≤4,000 IU/day indicated that vitamin D had an effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results support the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation can reduce negative emotions. Patients with major depressive disorder and individuals with vitamin D deficiency are most likely to benefit from supplementation. But to interpret the results with high heterogeneity should still be cautious.
Topics: Depressive Disorder, Major; Dietary Supplements; Emotions; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32365423
DOI: 10.1002/da.23025 -
Journal of Mental Health (Abingdon,... Jun 2023Despite the burden associated to depression, current standards of care are still limited in scope and effectiveness. In addition, therapy outcomes have frequently... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Despite the burden associated to depression, current standards of care are still limited in scope and effectiveness. In addition, therapy outcomes have frequently focused solely on symptoms, leaving patients' wellbeing relatively unaddressed.
AIMS
The objective of this study was to test whether two cognitive therapies increased subjective wellbeing in a sample of adults diagnosed with a depressive disorder, additionally assessing the relationship between this growth and decreases in both depression severity and psychological distress.
METHODS
Data from 116 participants from a randomised controlled trial comparing the efficacy of cognitive behavioural therapy and dilemma-focused therapy were analysed. Multilevel linear models were employed, together with correlational analyses.
RESULTS
Results showed that both interventions significantly improved wellbeing with moderate to large effect sizes, while no significant differences were found between treatments. In turn, the increase in wellbeing was significantly associated to improvements in depression severity and psychological distress.
CONCLUSIONS
This study sheds light on the complex relationship between happiness and depression, supporting their conceptualisation as related yet independent human experiences, and strengthening subjective wellbeing as a useful outcome for psychological research. Psychotherapy is presented as an effective intervention to enhance wellbeing, even among individuals with severe depressive symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Depression; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Psychotherapy
PubMed: 36062848
DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2022.2118682 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2023Major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia disorder (DD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are the most prevalent affective disorders. A nationwide epidemiological investigation...
BACKGROUND
Major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia disorder (DD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are the most prevalent affective disorders. A nationwide epidemiological investigation of MDD, DD and BP in school-attending children and adolescents was carried out, taking the effect of age, gender and comorbidity into consideration.
METHODS
A two-stage nationwide epidemiological study of point prevalence was conducted. Using a multistage cluster stratified random sampling strategy. The sample distribution was described, and the point prevalence of affective disorders was estimated. Chi-squared tests were used to compare disease prevalence based on sex and age. Comorbid ratios for MDD, DD and BP were calculated.
RESULTS
The total number of cases in Stage 1 was 72,107 (aged 6-16 years). The point prevalence of MDD, DD and BP were 2.004 % (95 % CI: 1.902 to 2.106), 0.352 % (95 % CI: 0.309 to 0.395) and 0.856 % (95 % CI: 0.788 to 0.923), respectively. The total prevalence of affective disorder was 3.212 % (95 % CI: 3.079 to 3.338). The total prevalence of affective disorders between sexes (female: 3.834 % versus male: 2.587 %, χ = 90.155, p < 0.001) was consistent with the gender difference in MDD, DD and MD. The total prevalence of affective disorders in adolescents was higher than that in children (adolescents: 5.024 % versus children: 1.863 %, χ = 566.841, p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study is the first nationwide survey on the prevalence of affective disorders among school-attending children and adolescents aged 6-16 in China. Our results also highlighted the importance of addressing comorbidities in future studies of affective disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder, Major; East Asian People; Prevalence; Schools; Dysthymic Disorder; Bipolar Disorder
PubMed: 36948465
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.03.060 -
Journal of Child Psychology and... Mar 2021Severe irritability has become an important topic in child and adolescent mental health. Based on the available evidence and on public health considerations, WHO...
BACKGROUND
Severe irritability has become an important topic in child and adolescent mental health. Based on the available evidence and on public health considerations, WHO classified chronic irritability within oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in ICD-11, a solution markedly different from DSM-5's (i.e. the new childhood mood diagnosis, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder [DMDD]) and from ICD-10's (i.e. ODD as one of several conduct disorders without attention to irritability). In this study, we tested the accuracy with which a global, multilingual, multidisciplinary sample of clinicians were able to use the ICD-11 classification of chronic irritability and oppositionality as compared to the ICD-10 and DSM-5 approaches.
METHODS
Clinicians (N = 196) from 48 countries participated in an Internet-based field study in English, Spanish, or Japanese and were randomized to review and use one of the three diagnostic systems. Through experimental manipulation of validated clinical vignettes, we evaluated how well clinicians in each condition could identify chronic irritability versus nonirritable oppositionality, episodic bipolar disorder, dysthymic depression, and normative irritability.
RESULTS
Compared to ICD-10 and DSM-5, ICD-11 led to more accurate identification of severe irritability and better differentiation from boundary presentations. Participants using DSM-5 largely failed to apply the DMDD diagnosis when it was appropriate, and they more often applied psychopathological diagnoses to developmentally normative irritability.
CONCLUSIONS
The formulation of irritability and oppositionality put forth in ICD-11 shows evidence of clinical utility, supporting accurate diagnosis. Global mental health clinicians can readily identify ODD both with and without chronic irritability.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Child; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Irritable Mood; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 32396664
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13244 -
Revista Medica Del Instituto Mexicano... Sep 2023Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental...
BACKGROUND
Traditionally, psychopathology has been related to suicide risk, furthermore if we bear in mind that the recent meta-analysis on the relationship between some mental disorders and the risk of suicide attempt are inconclusive, and have been performed with non-clinical samples.
OBJECTIVE
To establish the psychopathological differences between female adolescent patients with and without suicide attempt.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Comparative, prospective, correlational and cross-sectional study. A sample of 50 female participants was used, divided into 2 groups: one of cases, (n = 25), made up of female patients between 15 and 19 years of age with suicide attempt, and a control group of pairs (n = 25) with no history of suicide attempt. The following instruments were applied: the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the K-Sads-PL, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, and the Hamilton Depression Scale.
RESULTS
A greater presence of the disorders evaluated was found: major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder in the group with suicide attempt. Furthermore, the case group obtained higher mean scores on the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Plutchik Impulsivity Scale.
CONCLUSIONS
The results agree with most of previous studies. It is suggested to carry out preventive interventions in cases where a considerably increased risk is detected.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adolescent; Suicide, Attempted; Depressive Disorder, Major; Cross-Sectional Studies; Prospective Studies; Mental Disorders; Suicidal Ideation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 37768952
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8316441 -
European Psychiatry : the Journal of... Nov 2021Ratings of affective temperament types show promise in helping to differentiate diagnostic groups among major affective disorders as well as to predict associations with...
BACKGROUND
Ratings of affective temperament types show promise in helping to differentiate diagnostic groups among major affective disorders as well as to predict associations with important aspects of morbidity including suicidal risk.
METHODS
The Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego auto-rating (TEMPS-A) questionnaire was completed by 858 unselected, consecutive, consenting adults diagnosed with a DSM-5 major affective disorder (173 bipolar-1 [BD-1]), 250 BD-2, 435 major depressive disorder [MDD]) to score for anxious (anx), cyclothymic (cyc), dysthymic (dys), hyperthymic (hyp), and irritable (irr) affective temperaments. We tested their associations with diagnosis and selected clinical factors, including diagnosis, depression scores, suicidal ideation or acts, substance abuse, episodes/year, and %-time ill.
RESULTS
Scores for cyc ranked: BD-2 > BD-1 > MDD; anx ranked: MDD > BD-2 > BD-1; irr was greater in BD than MDD; dys was greater in MDD than BD; hyp did not differ by diagnosis. We confirmed associations of suicidal risk with higher scores of all temperament types except lower hyp scores. Higher cyc and irr scores and lower anx scores were associated with substance abuse. Several scores were higher with measures of greater affective morbidity: cyc with current depression, episodes/year, and %-time ill; irr with more episodes and depressions/year and greater %-time manic. Some of these associations were selective for BD or MDD.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that TEMPS-A ratings of affective temperament types can contribute to differential diagnoses and predict types and amounts of affective morbidity, as well as detecting suicidal risks.
Topics: Adult; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Irritable Mood; Morbidity; Personality Inventory; Surveys and Questionnaires; Temperament
PubMed: 34812134
DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2252 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2023Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors...
BACKGROUND
Sex-related discrepancies in the prognosis of oral cancer patients have not been clarified. This study aimed to assess survival outcomes and potential prognostic factors in female and male patients with oral cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective search of the TriNetX network (TriNetX, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA) was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with oral cancer (International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 codes C02-C06), within the past 20 years from the access date April 21, 2023. Patients were categorized according to sex (female vs. male). Following matching for age and risk factors such as nicotine dependence and alcohol abuse, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed and risk, odds, and hazard ratios were calculated. Outcome variables were five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Additionally, the female and male patient cohort were compared with regard to the novel diagnosis of depression (depressive episode, major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder) after the tumor diagnosis.
RESULTS
A total of 77,348 patients were assessed. After propensity score matching, 26,578 male and 26,578 female patients were included in each group (mean age 63 years). DFS (71.92% in females vs. 68.29% in males; hazard ratio (HR) 0.870; < 0.001) and OS (77.08% in females vs. 71.74% in males; HR 0.793; < 0.001) were significantly higher in the female cohort. However, in patients diagnosed with depression after the initial cancer diagnosis (N = 4,824), survival was worse in female patients compared to male patients (82.48% in females vs. 86.10% in males; HR 1.341; < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This retrospective case-control study showed that females with oral cancer had a better DFS and OS than males. However, survival in females with a newly diagnosed depression after the oral cancer diagnosis was worse compared to those of male oral cancer patients. Depression may be a relevant prognostic factor that contributes to sex disparities in oral cancer patients.
PubMed: 37901332
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248926 -
Vnitrni Lekarstvi 2020Long lasting, low intensity depressive episodes have been diversely integrated according to the classifications types or the psychodynamic points of view. The concept of...
Long lasting, low intensity depressive episodes have been diversely integrated according to the classifications types or the psychodynamic points of view. The concept of anxious persistent lasting depression, neurotic depressive states, neurotic depression have been unified into the dysthymic disorder category of the DSM classification. This concept unification have been a topic of dispute considering that dysthymic disorder was a restrictive, heterogeneous an extensively comorbid diagnosis. Nevertheless the definition of this category offers the opportunity to place the notions of temperament, personality, adjustment disorder. Including dysthymic disorders as a category inside of the mood disorders classification suggests the interest of using an antidepressive medication in presence of chronic depressive states not included in the major depressive disorder category. But the most important treatment is psychotherapy, because dysthymie is connected with pathologic cognition and interpretation of reality. This paper describes that dysthymia induced similar problems in the family members of dysthymic persons, and even induced somatic disorders in sensitive persons, as described in this paper.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dysthymic Disorder; Humans; Male; Personality Disorders; Spouses
PubMed: 33380135
DOI: No ID Found -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Apr 2024Boven published, in 1915, his MD thesis at the University of Lausanne in which he examined 60 3- to 4-generation pedigrees ascertained from admitted patients with... (Review)
Review
Boven published, in 1915, his MD thesis at the University of Lausanne in which he examined 60 3- to 4-generation pedigrees ascertained from admitted patients with dementia praecox (DP) and manic-depressive insanity (MDI). He asked three questions: (i) were DP and MDI hereditary? (ii) were they the same or distinct conditions? and (iii) were they Mendelian disorders? Based on the rarity of environmental precipitants severe enough to cause disorder onset and the pattern of disorders in relatives, Boven concluded that both disorders were inherited. He found that MDI largely ran in families through direct transmission across generations while DP was only common in collateral relatives. Both pedigrees contained a substantial number of "psychopathic" (personality disordered) relatives in which DP and MDI pedigrees typically had, respectively, paranoid, and dysthymic/cyclothymic features. Boven concludes that their inheritance is largely distinct but not exclusive, as some pedigrees contained cases of both disorders. With assistance from Wilhelm Weinberg, Boven applied algebraic models with proband correction to rates of DP and MDI in sibships and found the results inconsistent with Mendelian transmission. His study represents among the first examinations, using "modern" methods, of the familial relationship between DP and MDI and the first published in French.
Topics: Male; Humans; Schizophrenia; Heredity; Psychotic Disorders; Bipolar Disorder; Family
PubMed: 37858604
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32961 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Aug 2019Mental disorders contribute significantly to the burden of diseases in Iran. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and...
BACKGROUND
Mental disorders contribute significantly to the burden of diseases in Iran. Therefore, the current study aims to assess the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and their associated factors among youth in Kermanshah province of Iran.
METHODS
The current study is a part of the first phase of Ravansar Cohort (a part of the PERSIAN Youth Cohort) including 2991 participants aged 15 to 34 from Ravansar district in western Iran. Enrollment and data collection for this phase were performed from end April 2015 to early April 2017. The data were gathered using structured interviews and national and international standard questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using multinomial logistic regression and chi-square test.
RESULTS
The prevalence of any psychiatric disorder among the selected population was 31.3%. Major depressive disorder (MDD) (21.6%), followed by generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) (6.4%) and dysthymia (1.9%) were the most prevalent disorders among the study individuals. The prevalence of alcohol and opioid/stimulant use disorders was 4.6% and 5.1%, respectively. Moreover, there was significant relationship between location of residence (city or village) and marital status with prevalence of the disorders.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the current study, it can be concluded that the prevalence of mental and psychiatric disorders among the youth in Ravansar district, western Iran is relatively high and needs specific plans and interventions to control it.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Anxiety Disorders; Chi-Square Distribution; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Humans; Iran; Logistic Models; Male; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Sex Distribution; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 31679346
DOI: No ID Found