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Frontiers in Psychology 2019The current study aimed to examine the association between long-term (36 months) multimodal (pharmacological and psychological) treatment and psychopathology and...
AIM
The current study aimed to examine the association between long-term (36 months) multimodal (pharmacological and psychological) treatment and psychopathology and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) from the perspectives of both the children and parents.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 23 children with ADHD (21 boys, 2 girls, mean age = 13.46 years, = 2.36) and 23 healthy control children (11 boys, 12 girls, mean age = 12.49 years, = 1.75). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI Kid) was applied to measure psychopathology and both parent and self-rated versions of the Inventory for the Measure of the Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents were used to assess HRQoL at baseline and at the 36-month follow-up visit. The ADHD group took part in multimodal (medical and behavioral) therapy. The healthy control group did not get any intervention.
RESULTS
At the baseline, the ADHD group was characterized with higher scores in nine MINI Kid scales and showed lower HRQoL than the control group according to both children and their parents. At the 36-month follow-up visit six scale scores (ADHD, social phobia, oppositional defiance and conduct disorder, major depressive episode, dysthymic disorder) showed statistically significant decreases in the ADHD group, while these scores were constant in the control group. Parent-rated HRQoL was significantly lower in the clinical group at baseline than at the end of the study, but there were no significant changes in the control group. Self-reported changes in HRQoL matched parent-reported changes.
INTERPRETATION
Multimodal therapy is associated with decreased psychopathology and improved HRQoL over the long term.
PubMed: 31607973
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02037 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Oct 2023Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in Korea, few studies have been conducted on the temporal priority with comorbid mental disorders. We...
BACKGROUND
Despite the high prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in Korea, few studies have been conducted on the temporal priority with comorbid mental disorders. We investigated the temporal priority of lifetime AUDs and comorbid mood and anxiety disorders among the general population of Korea.
METHODS
Data of 18,807 respondents aged 18 years or older, collected from three national epidemiological surveys comprising face-to-face interviews using the Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV mental disorders. For each mood or anxiety disorder, the extent to which one mental disorder precedes another was investigated by calculating the proportion of primary AUDs by that of primary mood or anxiety disorder.
RESULTS
Regarding alcohol dependence, dysthymic disorder is 5.6 times more likely to occur before alcohol dependence. Moreover, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and specific phobia are 3.6 times, 4.5 times, and 6.3 times more likely to occur before, respectively. Regarding alcohol abuse, specific phobia is 6.3 times more likely to occur before, whereas major depressive disorder is two times more likely to occur after. Moreover, the lag times between primary alcohol abuse and subsequent mood or anxiety disorders were longer than those between primary alcohol dependence and the latter.
LIMITATIONS
The age of onset might be subject to recall bias. The presence of non-respondents could have influenced the results.
CONCLUSION
We need to recognize that one of the mental disorders could lead to another and consider it in the management of people with AUDs or mood and anxiety disorders.
PubMed: 37437734
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.051 -
A Meta-Analysis of the Generalization of the Reliability of State/Trait Depression Inventory Scores.Psicothema Nov 2020Depression is a disorder that is highly prevalent nowadays. Within the dimensional explanatory model of depression, the State/Trait Depression Inventory was developed.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is a disorder that is highly prevalent nowadays. Within the dimensional explanatory model of depression, the State/Trait Depression Inventory was developed. Its objective is to identify the degree of affectation (state) and the frequency of occurrence (trait) of the affective component of depression. The instrument has proven reliable and comprises two factors in its structure: state and trait, with two euthymia and dysthymia subscales in each one. The objective of this meta-analysis is to find an average alpha for the questionnaire.
METHOD
A bibliographical search was conducted on Web of Science and Scopus. Forty-five articles were selected.
RESULTS
The alpha ranges from .84 to .89 for all factorizations, and in most studies a bifactorial structure of state and trait depression was found.
CONCLUSIONS
The State/Trait Depression Inventory is a reliable and suitable instrument for measuring depression.
Topics: Depression; Dysthymic Disorder; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33073753
DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2020.106 -
BMJ Open Nov 2020Composite diagnostic criteria alone are likely to create and introduce biases into diagnoses that subsequently have poor relationships with input symptoms. This study...
OBJECTIVES
Composite diagnostic criteria alone are likely to create and introduce biases into diagnoses that subsequently have poor relationships with input symptoms. This study aims to understand the relationships between the diagnoses and the input symptoms, as well as the magnitudes of biases created by diagnostic criteria and introduced into the diagnoses of mental illnesses with large disease burdens (major depressive episodes, dysthymic disorder, and manic episodes).
SETTINGS
General psychiatric care.
PARTICIPANTS
Without real-world data available to the public, 100 000 subjects were simulated and the input symptoms were assigned based on the assumed prevalence rates (0.05, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7) and correlations between symptoms (0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.7 and 0.9). The input symptoms were extracted from the diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria were transformed into mathematical equations to demonstrate the sources of biases and convert the input symptoms into diagnoses.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES
The relationships between the input symptoms and diagnoses were interpreted using forward stepwise linear regressions. Biases due to data censoring or categorisation introduced into the intermediate variables, and the three diagnoses were measured.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates of the diagnoses were lower than those of the input symptoms and proportional to the assumed prevalence rates and the correlations between the input symptoms. Certain input or bias variables consistently explained the diagnoses better than the others. Except for 0 correlations and 0.7 prevalence rates of the input symptoms for the diagnosis of dysthymic disorder, the input symptoms could not fully explain the diagnoses.
CONCLUSIONS
There are biases created due to composite diagnostic criteria and introduced into the diagnoses. The design of the diagnostic criteria determines the prevalence of the diagnoses and the relationships between the input symptoms, the diagnoses, and the biases. The importance of the input symptoms has been distorted largely by the diagnostic criteria.
Topics: Bias; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dysthymic Disorder; Humans; Mania; Prevalence
PubMed: 33172939
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037022 -
Population Health Metrics Sep 2020Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017...
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the major causes of disability worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD-2017) for depressive disorders in Brazil and its Federated Units (FUs) in 1990 and 2017.
METHODS
We used GBD-2017 study methodology to evaluate the prevalence estimates, the disability-adjusted life-year (DALY), and the years lived with disability (YLDs) for depressive disorders, which include major depressive disorder and dysthymia. The YLD estimates and the position of these disorders in the DALY and YLD rankings were compared to those of seven other countries. The observed versus expected YLD, based on the sociodemographic index (SDI), were compared.
RESULTS
In GBD-2017, the prevalence of depressive disorders in Brazil was 3.30% (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 3.08 to 3.57), ranging from 3.79% (3.53 to 4.09) in Santa Catarina to 2.78% in Pará (2.56 to 3.03), with significant differences between the Federated Units. From 1990 to 2017, there was an increase in number of YLD (55.19%, 49.57 to 60.73), but a decrease in the age-standardized rates (- 9.01%, - 11.66 to - 6.31). The highest proportion of YLD was observed in the age range of 15-64 years and among females. These disorders rank 4th and 13th as leading causes of YLD and DALY, respectively, in Brazil. In the other countries evaluated, the ranking of these disorders in the YLD classification was close to Brazil's, while in the DALY classification, there was higher variability. All countries had YLD rates similar to the overall rate. The observed/expected YLD ratio ranged from 0.81 in Pará to 1.16 in Santa Catarina. Morbidity of depressive disorders was not associated with SDI.
CONCLUSIONS
Depressive disorders have been responsible for a high disability burden since 1990, especially in adult women living in the Southern region of the country. The number of people affected by these disorders in the country tends to increase, requiring more investment in mental health aimed at advancements and quality of services. The epidemiological studies of these disorders throughout the national territory can contribute to this planning and to making the Brazilian health system more equitable.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bayes Theorem; Brazil; Child; Depressive Disorder; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Residence Characteristics; Socioeconomic Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32993670
DOI: 10.1186/s12963-020-00204-5 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Sep 2019To conduct a systematic review of post-traumatic stress reactions among individuals with visual impairment (VI). Qualitative and quantitative studies were identified...
To conduct a systematic review of post-traumatic stress reactions among individuals with visual impairment (VI). Qualitative and quantitative studies were identified through searches in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Libraries. The literature search was limited to humans, of English and Scandinavian languages and publication year between 1980 and 2017. Study quality was assessed for all the included studies and extracted data were synthesized using narrative analysis. Of 4235 records identified through literature search, eleven were included in the analyses. Results from the qualitative studies illustrated multiple physical, behavioral, emotional, and cognitive manifestations of trauma. Four out of five quantitative studies showed that various types of potentially traumatic events were significantly associated with mental health adversities ( < 0.05). The prevalence of post-traumatic mental disorders was 4-21.2% for depression, 0.9% for dysthymia, and 32% for substance misuse. The quality of the reviewed studies was considered low to moderate. Traumatic experiences appear to have a great impact on the mental health in people with visual impairment (VI) and these results highlight their need for mental health care. Future studies with higher methodological rigor are recommended. Implications for rehabilitation Visual impairment entails a greater susceptibility to some types of potentially traumatic events, especially threats in everyday life. This calls for a greater emphasis on safe community environments and universal design in public spaces. In rehabilitation after serious accidents or potentially traumatic events, professionals working with people with vision impairment should be aware of the different manifestations of post-traumatic stress responses and that some stress responses may cause additional disability. The high prevalence of traumatic events and their impact on mental health in individuals with visual impairments highlights a need of mental health care.
Topics: Depression; Dysthymic Disorder; Humans; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Substance-Related Disorders; Visually Impaired Persons
PubMed: 29644887
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1459884 -
Acta Neuropsychiatrica Jun 2021To evaluate the use of biofeedback intervention in the levels of depression. The main hypothesis tested if the use of biofeedback improves depression levels compared to... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the use of biofeedback intervention in the levels of depression. The main hypothesis tested if the use of biofeedback improves depression levels compared to the control group.
METHODS
A randomised clinical trial. The final sample was composed of 36 participants (18 in the experimental group, receiving 6 training, once a week, with biofeedback; and 18 in the control group, who received conventional treatment in the service).Outcome measures were assessed in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The research used the following instruments: demographic survey data, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0.0 and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The factors and variables were presented in terms of descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05) was used to verify the existence of an association between the counting variables. The multinomial logistic regression model was adopted, and the Logit link function was used, as the software RStudio version 3.6.2.
RESULTS
The factors that remained in the final model were group, sex, partner, atypical antidepressant, benzodiazepines, mood stabiliser, antiepileptic and antihistamine, according to the levels of depression based on the BDI. The group that did not receive biofeedback intervention had 16 times more chances of increasing the depression levels compared to participants in the experimental group.
CONCLUSION
The use of biofeedback reduces depression, thus, representing a complementary alternative for the treatment of moderate and severe depression, and dysthymia.
Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Biofeedback, Psychology; Case-Control Studies; Depression; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33427129
DOI: 10.1017/neu.2020.46 -
Behaviour Research and Therapy Aug 2020Studies suggest that depression severity and duration interact to predict outcomes in depression treatment. To our knowledge, no study has explored this question in a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Studies suggest that depression severity and duration interact to predict outcomes in depression treatment. To our knowledge, no study has explored this question in a sample with a placebo control, two therapies, and their combination nor with adolescents. We used data from the Treatment of Adolescent Depression Study (N = 439), in which adolescent were randomized to placebo (PBO), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants medications (MEDs), or their combination (COMB). We explore the interaction between depression severity, chronicity, and treatments (vs. placebo) in predicting outcomes. There was interaction between severity and chronicity when comparing COMB and CBT with PBO, but not MEDs. In non-chronic depression, the effects of CBT were inversely related to severity to the point that CBT appeared iatrogenic with more severe depression. In chronic depression, the effects of CBT did not vary by severity, but the relative effects of COMB grew, being smallest in milder, more dysthymic-like depression, and largest in chronic-severe depression. These findings support calls to classify depression by severity and chronicity as well efforts to risk stratify patients to different intensity of care according to these variables.
Topics: Adolescent; Antidepressive Agents; Chronic Disease; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Severity of Illness Index; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32413595
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103637 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jul 2020An increasing number of studies suggest that web-based interventions for patients with depression can reduce their symptoms and are expected to fill currently existing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of a Guided Web-Based Self-Management Intervention for Depression or Dysthymia: Randomized Controlled Trial With a 12-Month Follow-Up Using an Active Control Condition.
BACKGROUND
An increasing number of studies suggest that web-based interventions for patients with depression can reduce their symptoms and are expected to fill currently existing treatment gaps. However, evidence for their efficacy has mainly been derived from comparisons with wait-list or treatment as usual controls. In particular, designs using wait-list controls are unlikely to induce hope and may even have nocebo effects, making it difficult to draw conclusions about the intervention's efficacy. Studies using active controls are rare and have not yielded conclusive results.
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of this study is to assess the acute and long-term antidepressant efficacy of a 6-week, guided, web-based self-management intervention building on the principles of cognitive behavioral therapy (iFightDepression tool) for patients with depression compared with web-based progressive muscle relaxation as an active control condition.
METHODS
A total of 348 patients with mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms or dysthymia (according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) were recruited online and randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 intervention arms. Acute antidepressant effects after 6 weeks and long-term effects at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up were studied using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-self-rating as a primary outcome parameter and change in quality of life (Short Form 12) and user satisfaction (client satisfaction questionnaire) as secondary outcome parameters. Treatment effects were assessed using mixed model analyses.
RESULTS
Over the entire observation period, a greater reduction in symptoms of depression (P=.01) and a greater improvement of life quality (P<.001) was found in the intervention group compared with the active control group. Separate tests for each time point revealed significant effects on depressive symptoms at the 3-month follow-up (d=0.281; 95% CI 0.069 to 0.493), but not after 6 weeks (main outcome:d=0.192; 95% CI -0.020 to 0.404) and 6 and 12 months. The intervention was significantly superior to the control condition with respect to user satisfaction (25.31 vs 21.97; t=5.804; P<.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The fact that antidepressant effects have been found for a guided self-management tool in comparison with an active control strengthens the evidence base for the efficacy of web-based interventions. The antidepressant effect became most prominent at the 3-month follow-up. After 6 weeks of intervention, significant positive effects were observed on life quality but not on depressive symptoms. Although the effect size of such web-based interventions on symptoms of depression might be smaller than that suggested by earlier studies using wait-list control conditions, they can be a cost-effective addition to antidepressants and face-to-face psychotherapy.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ICTRP080-15-09032015; https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=DRKS00009323.
Topics: Adult; Depression; Dysthymic Disorder; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Internet-Based Intervention; Male; Psychotherapy; Quality of Life; Self-Management; Time Factors
PubMed: 32673233
DOI: 10.2196/15361 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021Oxidative stress (OS) increases during the human aging process, and the sedentary lifestyle could be a prooxidant factor. In this study, we determine the effect of...
Oxidative stress (OS) increases during the human aging process, and the sedentary lifestyle could be a prooxidant factor. In this study, we determine the effect of sedentary lifestyle on OS during the aging process in Mexican women. A longitudinal study of two-year follow-up was carried out with 177 community-dwelling women (40-69 y) from Mexico City. We measured as OS markers plasma malondialdehyde, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), total plasma antioxidant status, uric acid level, antioxidant gap, and SOD/GPx ratio. To define OS using all the markers, we defined cut-off values of each parameter based on the 90 percentile of young healthy subjects and, we calculated a stress score (SS) ranging from 0 to 7, which represented the intensity of the marker modifications. All the women answered a structured questionnaire about prooxidant factors, including physical activity specially the type of activity, frequency, and duration, and they answered Spanish versions of self-assessment tests for establishing dysthymia and insomnia as potential confounders. Principal component and Poisson regression analysis were used as statistical tools, being two-year OS the primary outcome. The OS was considerate as SS ≥ 4 and sedentary lifestyle as <30 min/day of physical activity, beside several prooxidant factors and age that were covariables. SS is higher in sedentary lifestyle women after the two-year follow-up; although, the difference was statistically significant only in older women. Four principal components were associated with the OS, and 7 out of 8 prooxidant factors were important for the analysis, which were included in the Poisson model. The predictive factors for OS were the sedentary lifestyle (adjusted PR = 2.37, CI: 1.30-4.30, < 0.01), and age, in which the risk increases 1.06 (CI:1.02-2.11, < 0.01) by each year of age. Our findings suggest that a sedentary lifestyle increases the OS during the aging in Mexican women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Dysthymic Disorder; Exercise; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mexico; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Sedentary Behavior; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 34733404
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9971765