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Microbiome Jun 2023Intestinal inflammation has become a threatening concern in chicken production worldwide and is closely associated with Th17/Treg cell imbalance. Several studies...
BACKGROUND
Intestinal inflammation has become a threatening concern in chicken production worldwide and is closely associated with Th17/Treg cell imbalance. Several studies described that gut microbiota is significantly implicated in chicken growth by modulating intestinal immune homeostasis and immune cell differentiation. Whether reshaping gut microbiota by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) could improve chicken growth by balancing Th17/Treg cells is an interesting question.
RESULTS
Here, the chickens with significantly different body weight from three different breeds (Turpan cockfighting × White Leghorn chickens, white feather chickens, and yellow feather chickens) were used to compare Th17 and Treg cells. qPCR and IHC staining results indicated that Th17 cell-associated transcriptional factors Stat3 and rorγt and cytokines IL-6, IL-17A, and IL-21 were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in the jejunum of low body weight chickens, while Treg cell-associated transcriptional factor foxp3 and cytokines TGF-β and IL-10 were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the jejunum of low body weight chickens, indicating imbalanced Th17/Treg cells were closely related to chicken growth performance. Transferring fecal microbiota from the healthy donor with better growth performance and abundant Lactobacillus in feces to 1-day-old chicks markedly increased growth performance (P < 0.001), significantly decreased Th17 cell-associated transcriptional factors and cytokines, and increased Treg cell-associated transcriptional factors and cytokines in the jejunum (P < 0.05). Furthermore, FMT increased the abundance of Lactobacillus (FMT vs Con; 84.98% vs 66.94%). Besides, the metabolites of tryptophan including serotonin, indole, and 5-methoxyindoleacetate were increased as well, which activated their receptor aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor (AhR) and expressed more CYP1A2 and IL-22 to maintain Th17/Treg cell balance and immune homeostasis.
CONCLUSION
These findings suggested that imbalanced Th17/Treg cells decreased chicken growth performance, while FMT-reshaped gut microbiota, i.e., higher Lactobacilli, increased chicken growth performance by balancing Th17/Treg cells. Video Abstract.
Topics: Animals; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Chickens; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Th17 Cells; Jejunum; Cytokines; Body Weight
PubMed: 37344888
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01569-z -
Thoracic Surgery Clinics Nov 2022Complex esophageal reconstruction represents a high risk and challenging procedure. A dedicated pathway with multispecialty teams can facilitate a systematic checklist... (Review)
Review
Complex esophageal reconstruction represents a high risk and challenging procedure. A dedicated pathway with multispecialty teams can facilitate a systematic checklist approach to perioperative management and evaluation of long-term outcomes. Refinements in the operative technique for supercharged pedicled jejunum (SPJ) for long segment interposition in esophageal reconstruction are reviewed in this article. Medical and surgical complications among this complex niche group of patients are significant and require care in specialist centers with a focused team. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in long-segment SPJ interposition are recognized to provide additional monitoring of surgical outcomes and may help guide interventions for subsequent symptom control.
Topics: Humans; Anastomosis, Surgical; Esophagus; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Jejunum
PubMed: 36266038
DOI: 10.1016/j.thorsurg.2022.07.007 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Feb 2023We herein report a case of jejunal lymphangioma. A CT scan showed non-enhancing cystic masses in the jejunum. Enteroscopy revealed multiple cystic swelling with whitish...
We herein report a case of jejunal lymphangioma. A CT scan showed non-enhancing cystic masses in the jejunum. Enteroscopy revealed multiple cystic swelling with whitish carpet-like villi. Histopathology disclosed dilated lymphatic channels, lined by a single layer of endothelial cells, which were positive for the lymphatic endothelial marker by the immunohistochemical staining. Clinical manifestations of intestinal lymphangioma are briefly discussed.
Topics: Humans; Jejunum; Endothelial Cells; Lymphangioma; Duodenum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36043534
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.9088/2022 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Mar 2020
Review
Topics: Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y; Contrast Media; Diagnosis, Differential; Esophagus; Fluoroscopy; Gastrectomy; Humans; Jejunum; Postoperative Complications; Syndrome
PubMed: 31822967
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02361-0 -
American Journal of Surgery Dec 2021
Topics: Adult; Aged; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenum; Female; Humans; Jejunal Neoplasms; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 34030869
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.04.028 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Jul 2019
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Adult; Colon, Ascending; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Jejunum; Laparoscopy; Mesenteric Cyst; Peritonitis; Rupture, Spontaneous; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30703828
DOI: 10.1055/a-0832-2468 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Oct 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Cholecystectomy; Diagnosis, Differential; Gallstones; Humans; Intussusception; Jejunum; Male; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32106327
DOI: 10.1055/a-1112-0095 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Descriptions of the small intestinal microbiota are deficient and conflicting. We aimed to get a reliable description of the jejunal bacterial microbiota by...
Descriptions of the small intestinal microbiota are deficient and conflicting. We aimed to get a reliable description of the jejunal bacterial microbiota by investigating samples from two separate jejunal segments collected from the luminal mucosa during surgery. Sixty patients with morbid obesity selected for elective gastric bypass surgery were included in this survey. Samples collected by rubbing a swab against the mucosa of proximal and mid jejunal segments were characterized both quantitatively and qualitatively using a combination of microbial culture, a universal quantitative PCR and 16S deep sequencing. Within the inherent limitations of partial 16S sequencing, bacteria were assigned to the species level. By microbial culture, 53 patients (88.3%) had an estimated bacterial density of < 1600 cfu/ml in both segments whereof 31 (51.7%) were culture negative in both segments corresponding to a bacterial density below 160 cfu/ml. By quantitative PCR, 46 patients (76.7%) had less than 10 bacterial genomes/ml in both segments. The most abundant and frequently identified species by 16S deep sequencing were associated with the oral cavity, most often from the Streptococcus mitis group, the Streptococcus sanguinis group, Granulicatella adiacens/para-adiacens, the Schaalia odontolytica complex and Gemella haemolysans/taiwanensis. In general, few bacterial species were identified per sample and there was a low consistency both between the two investigated segments in each patient and between patients. The jejunal mucosa of fasting obese patients contains relatively few microorganisms and a core microbiota could not be established. The identified microbes are likely representatives of a transient microbiota and there is a high degree of overlap between the most frequently identified species in the jejunum and the recently described ileum core microbiota.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Gastric Bypass; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Jejunum; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity, Morbid; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ribotyping; Young Adult
PubMed: 35102222
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05723-9 -
Physiological Reports Feb 2021Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, not all patients with T2DM are obese. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, not all patients with T2DM are obese. The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is an experimental model of spontaneous and non-obese T2DM. There is evidence that the intestine contributes to IR development in GK animals. This information prompted us to investigate small intestine remodeling in this animal model.
METHODS
Four-month-old male Wistar (control) and GK rats were utilized for the present study. After removing the small intestine, the duodenum, proximal jejunum, and distal ileum were separated. We then measured villi and muscular and mucosa layer histomorphometry, goblet cells abundance, total myenteric and submucosal neuron populations, and inflammatory marker expression in the small intestinal segments and intestinal transit of both groups of animals.
KEY RESULTS
We found that the GK rats exhibited decreased intestinal area (p < 0.0001), decreased crypt depth in the duodenum (p = 0.01) and ileum (p < 0.0001), increased crypt depth in the jejunum (p < 0.0001), longer villi in the jejunum and ileum (p < 0.0001), thicker villi in the duodenum (p < 0.01) and ileum (p < 0.0001), thicker muscular layers in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum (p < 0.0001), increased IL-1β concentrations in the duodenum and jejunum (p < 0.05), and increased concentrations of NF-κB p65 in the duodenum (p < 0.01), jejunum and ileum (p < 0.05). We observed high IL-1β reactivity in the muscle layer, myenteric neurons, and glial cells of the experimental group. GK rats also exhibited a significant reduction in submucosal neuron density in the jejunum and ileum, ganglionic hypertrophy in all intestinal segments studied (p < 0.0001), and a slower intestinal transit (about 25%) compared to controls.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of IR and T2DM in GK rats is associated with small intestine remodeling that includes marked alterations in small intestine morphology, local inflammation, and reduced intestinal transit.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Cytokines; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Transit; Ileum; Inflammation Mediators; Insulin Resistance; Intestine, Small; Jejunum; Male; Myenteric Plexus; Rats, Wistar; Submucous Plexus; Rats
PubMed: 33580916
DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14755 -
ANZ Journal of Surgery Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Intussusception; Stomach; Jejunum; Jejunal Diseases
PubMed: 35759499
DOI: 10.1111/ans.17882