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European Journal of Heart Failure May 2021Congestion, related to pressure and/or fluid overload, plays a central role in the pathophysiology, presentation and prognosis of heart failure and is an important... (Review)
Review
Congestion, related to pressure and/or fluid overload, plays a central role in the pathophysiology, presentation and prognosis of heart failure and is an important therapeutic target. While symptoms and physical signs of fluid overload are required to make a clinical diagnosis of heart failure, they lack both sensitivity and specificity, which might lead to diagnostic delay and uncertainty. Over the last decades, new ultrasound methods for the detection of elevated intracardiac pressures and/or fluid overload have been developed that are more sensitive and specific, thereby enabling earlier and more accurate diagnosis and facilitating treatment strategies. Accordingly, we considered that a state-of-the-art review of ultrasound methods for the detection and quantification of congestion was timely, including imaging of the heart, lungs (B-lines), kidneys (intrarenal venous flow), and venous system (inferior vena cava and internal jugular vein diameter).
Topics: Delayed Diagnosis; Heart Failure; Humans; Jugular Veins; Ultrasonography; Vena Cava, Inferior
PubMed: 33118672
DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2032 -
Journal of Anesthesia Apr 2020Central venous catheterization is a basic skill applicable in various medical fields. However, because it may occasionally cause lethal complications, we developed this... (Review)
Review
Central venous catheterization is a basic skill applicable in various medical fields. However, because it may occasionally cause lethal complications, we developed this practical guide that will help a novice operator successfully perform central venous catheterization using ultrasound guidance. The focus of this practical guide is patient safety. It details the fundamental knowledge and techniques that are indispensable for performing ultrasound-guided internal jugular vein catheterization (other choices of indwelling catheters, subclavian, axillary, and femoral venous catheter, or peripherally inserted central venous catheter are also described in alternatives).
Topics: Catheterization, Central Venous; Catheterization, Peripheral; Catheters, Indwelling; Humans; Jugular Veins
PubMed: 31786676
DOI: 10.1007/s00540-019-02702-9 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Apr 2023Pseudoaneurysms and thrombosis in the jugular vein are very rare. This case report presents a case of a 57-year-old female with a thrombosis in the internal jugular vein...
Pseudoaneurysms and thrombosis in the jugular vein are very rare. This case report presents a case of a 57-year-old female with a thrombosis in the internal jugular vein and a pseudoaneurysm in the external jugular vein. The diagnosis is often delayed due to the less-frequent occurrence of either. Ultrasound and/or computer tomographic scan are useful in the diagnostic process. Pseudoaneurysms in the external jugular vein are often benign and treatment spans from none to surgical removal. The treatment of venous thrombosis is anticoagulant medication.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Aneurysm, False; Jugular Veins; Thrombosis; Venous Thrombosis; Subclavian Vein
PubMed: 37114571
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Vascular Surgery Oct 2020Jugular venous aneurysms are uncommon and can involve the internal, external, and anterior jugular veins. These aneurysms may be congenital or acquired secondary to...
Jugular venous aneurysms are uncommon and can involve the internal, external, and anterior jugular veins. These aneurysms may be congenital or acquired secondary to malignancy, inflammation, trauma or arteriovenous fistulas. Treatment strategies are not clearly defined and involve either surveillance of asymptomatic aneurysms or resection, excision, and ligation of the aneurysmal vein. In this case series, we discuss the presentation, diagnostics, treatments and outcomes in 3 patients with jugular venous aneurysms.
Topics: Aneurysm; Child; Female; Humans; Jugular Veins; Ligation; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32439525
DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.04.075 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2021: Launay's external carotid vein (ECV) is poorly represented in the anatomical literature, although it is an occasional satellite of the external carotid artery (ECA)....
: Launay's external carotid vein (ECV) is poorly represented in the anatomical literature, although it is an occasional satellite of the external carotid artery (ECA). We aimed to establish the incidence and morphology of the ECV. : One hundred computed tomography angiograms were investigated, and ECVs were documented anatomically, when found. : Launay's vein was found in 3/200 sides (1.5%) in a male and two female cases. In two of these cases, the ECV was a replaced variant of the anterior division of the retromandibular vein (RMV), and the facial vein (FV) ended in the external jugular vein. In the third case with the ECV, the RMV was absent and the common FV that resulted from that ECV and the FV drained into the internal jugular vein. The ECV could also appear as an accessory RMV, not just as a replaced one. Additional variants were found, such as fenestration of the external jugular vein (EJV), the extracondylar vein draining the deep temporal veins and an arterial occipitoauricular trunk. : Surgical dissections of the ECA in the retromandibular space should carefully observe an ECV to avoid unwanted haemorrhagic events. Approaches of the neck of the mandible should also carefully distinguish the consistent extracondylar veins.
Topics: Angiography; Drainage; Female; Humans; Jugular Veins; Male; Mandible; Veins
PubMed: 34577908
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090985 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Feb 2022The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the venous wall depending on the treatment method used, and, accordingly, on...
The aim of this study was to compare the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the venous wall depending on the treatment method used, and, accordingly, on those structural changes in the tissue that this treatment causes. Bovine jugular vein walls (BJVWs) cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (DE), and Contegra commercial conduit were evaluated using uniaxial stretching [with and without pre-conditioning (PreC)], differential scanning calorimetry, amino acid analysis, and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. Fresh BJVW was used as a control. It was shown that failure stress in non-PreC GA-treated and DE-treated materials was lower than that in fresh and Contegra counterparts. Contegra samples were the stiffest among the tested materials. Cyclic preloading leads to distortion of the mechanical behavior of this material, which is heterogeneous in composition and structure. The denaturation temperatures (T ) of all cross-linked BJVWs were higher than the T of the fresh vein. The microstructures of the tested BJVWs did not exhibit any differences, but the cross-linking density and hydration of the DE-vein were the highest. GA-cross-linking or DE-cross-linking and isopropanol exposure (Contegra) changed the protein secondary structures of the tested materials in different ways. We hypothesized that the protein secondary structure and hydration degree are the main causes of differences in the mechanical properties and thermal stability of BJVW.
Topics: Animals; Bioprosthesis; Cattle; Glutaral; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Jugular Veins; Temperature
PubMed: 34390309
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37296 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2023(1) : The external jugular vein (EJV) descends on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain deep into the subclavian vein. Anatomical variations of the EJV are relevant... (Review)
Review
(1) : The external jugular vein (EJV) descends on the sternocleidomastoid muscle to drain deep into the subclavian vein. Anatomical variations of the EJV are relevant for identification of the greater auricular nerve, flap design and preparation, or EJV cannulation. (2) : Different publications were comprehensively reviewed. Dissections and three-dimensional volume renderings of peculiar cases were used to sample the review. (3) : Different anatomical possibilities of the EJV were critically reviewed and documented: fenestrations and double fenestrations, true or false duplications, triplication, absence, aberrant origin or course, or bifurcation. Tributaries of the EJV, such as the facial and posterior external jugular veins, are discussed. The internal jugular vein termination of the EJV is also presented. (4) : Care should be taken when different morphological features of the EJV are encountered or reported.
Topics: Humans; Jugular Veins; Subclavian Vein; Face; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 36984623
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030622 -
Vascular Medicine (London, England) Aug 2022Thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein in an astronaut aboard the International Space Station was recently described, incidentally discovered during a research...
BACKGROUND
Thrombosis of the left internal jugular vein in an astronaut aboard the International Space Station was recently described, incidentally discovered during a research study of blood flow in neck veins in microgravity. Given this event, and the high incidence of flow abnormalities, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) instituted an occupational surveillance program to evaluate astronauts for venous thrombosis.
METHODS
Duplex ultrasound of the bilateral internal jugular veins was conducted on all NASA astronauts terrestrially, and at three points during spaceflight. Respiratory maneuvers were performed. Images were analyzed for thrombosis and certain hemodynamic characteristics, including peak velocity and degree of echogenicity.
RESULTS
Eleven astronauts were evaluated with matching terrestrial and in-flight ultrasounds. No thrombosis was detected. Compared to terrestrial ultrasound measurements, in-flight peak velocity was reduced and lowest in the left. Six of 11 astronauts had mild-moderate echogenicity in the left internal jugular vein during spaceflight, but none had more than mild echogenicity in the right internal jugular vein. Two astronauts developed retrograde blood flow in the left internal jugular vein.
CONCLUSION
Abnormal flow characteristics in microgravity, most prominent in the left internal jugular vein, may signal an increased risk for thrombus formation in some individuals.
Topics: Astronauts; Humans; Jugular Veins; Space Flight; Thrombosis; Venous Thrombosis; Weightlessness
PubMed: 35502899
DOI: 10.1177/1358863X221086619 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and... May 2022The aim of the present comprehensive review was to present an overview of the clinical presentation and treatment options for external (EJVAs) and internal jugular vein... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present comprehensive review was to present an overview of the clinical presentation and treatment options for external (EJVAs) and internal jugular vein aneurysms (IJVAs) to help clinicians in evidence-based decision making.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) statement and included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, WHO (World Health Organization) trial register, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the LIVIVO search portal. The inclusion criteria were studies of patients who had presented with IJVAs or EJVAs. The exclusion criteria were animal and cadaver studies and reports on interventions using the healthy jugular vein for access only (ie, catheterization). Analysis of the pooled data from all eligible case reports was performed.
RESULTS
From 1840 identified reports, 196 studies were eligible. A total of 256 patients with JVAs were reported, with 183 IJVAs and 73 EJVAs. IJVAs were reported to occur in 66% on the right side compared with the left side (P = .011). The patients with IJVAs were mostly children (median age, 12 years; interquartile range, 5.8-45.2 years). The patients with EJVAs were young adults (median age, 30 years; interquartile range, 11.0-46.5 years). EJVAs were more frequently reported in women and IJVAs in men (P = .008). Most of the patients were asymptomatic. Pulmonary embolization in association with thrombosed EJVAs was only reported for one patient. A report of the outcomes after surgery and conservative management was missing for ∼50% of the patients. No relevant complications were reported after ligation of the EJVA without reconstruction. Intracranial hypertension after ligation of the right-sided IJVA was reported in three children; in one of them, a pontine infarction was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
JVAs are a disease of the younger population but can occur at any age. It seems to be safe to observe patients with nonthrombosed JVAs. However, in the presence of thrombus or pulmonary embolization, surgical treatment should be considered. A reconstruction technique of the IJVA with venous patency preservation should be preferred.
Topics: Aneurysm; Brachiocephalic Veins; Female; Humans; Jugular Veins; Ligation; Thrombosis
PubMed: 34634519
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.09.009 -
The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery Jun 2020External jugular vein is formed by joining of posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein and common facial vein drain into internal jugular...
External jugular vein is formed by joining of posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein and common facial vein drain into internal jugular vein.Variations are not uncommon and these are more often observed in veins than in arteries. Aim of the study is to report the prevalence of unique variation of formation of external jugular vein.Head and neck of 6 cadavers (12 sides) fixed in 10% formalin were dissected in the department of anatomy AIIMS Rishikesh for the variant formation of external jugular vein.Abnormal formation of external jugular vein was detected in 1 cadaver on left side. The mean age of the cadavers was 70 years. The retromandibular vein divided into anterior and posterior divisions 2.5 cm below the angle of mandible. The facial, after travelling for 6 cm below the mandible, along with anterior and posterior divisions abnormally joined to form the external jugular vein. This is unique and rare finding.External jugular vein is used for assessment of venous pressure in right atrium and for catheterization. The variation may give false value of pressure due to facial vein draining into it, also create difficulty in catheterization. In addition to this, these veins are also used for various other procedures like carotid endarterectomy and for oral reconstruction surgeries. Thus facial vein and external jugular vein variations are of paramount importance to head and neck surgeons, anatomists and anesthetist.
Topics: Aged; Cadaver; Drainage; Face; Head; Humans; Jugular Veins; Neck; Subclavian Vein
PubMed: 32149966
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000006293