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Chemistry, An Asian Journal May 2023Overuse of antibiotics has led to ecological hazards such as the emergence of resistance genes and super bacteria, necessitating the development of water pollution...
Overuse of antibiotics has led to ecological hazards such as the emergence of resistance genes and super bacteria, necessitating the development of water pollution control technology. Indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn S , ZIS) is a promising material for environmental applications due to its narrow band gap and excellent light absorption ability. This study investigates Mn-doped ZIS photocatalysts to enhance their photocatalytic oxidation efficiency. Structural morphology, electrochemical testing, and active species testing confirm that Mn-doping optimizes the energy band structure of ZIS and increases the concentration of active free radicals, improving the efficiency of charge separation. Mn-doping also causes lattice distortion, leading to trapping centers to enhance charge separation efficiency. The optimal ZIS-4% oxidation degradation rate of levofloxacin was 2.5 times higher than that of pristine ZIS, with degradation rates reaching almost 100% in 30 minutes. This study provides a novel approach to designing Mn-doped photocatalysts for antibiotic pollution control.
Topics: Levofloxacin; Indium; Manganese; Zinc; Containment of Biohazards; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36946255
DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300161 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022The activity of two new fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin and finafloxacin, were evaluated against and spp. The MICs of delafloxacin, finafloxacin, and two classical...
The activity of two new fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin and finafloxacin, were evaluated against and spp. The MICs of delafloxacin, finafloxacin, and two classical fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin and levofloxacin) were tested against 29 and 67 spp. isolates using the broth microdilution method. The molecular mechanisms underlying fluoroquinolone resistance were also investigated. Delafloxacin exhibited low MICs against and spp., including the levofloxacin-resistant isolates. For , delafloxacin showed low MIC value of 1 μg/mL (MIC range, <0.031 -1 μg/mL) compared to 8 μg/mL for finafloxacin, 16 μg/mL for moxifloxacin, and 32 μg/mL for levofloxacin. For and , delafloxacin had low MIC values (, 2 μg/mL; , 4 μg/mL) compared to 16 -32 μg/mL for finafloxacin, 16 μg/mL for moxifloxacin, and 32 - >32 μg/mL for levofloxacin. The two mutations GyrA S153L and ParC S91I were commonly identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant , and ParC S83L was the most frequent mutation identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant spp. Delafloxacin displayed lower MICs against fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of both and spp. that have mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) than the two classical fluoroquinolones. Delafloxacin is a promising fluoroquinolone with low MICs against fluoroquinolone-resistant and spp. Our study confirms the potential clinical use of delafloxacin in treating antimicrobial-resistant and spp. infections. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma hominis and spp. is on the rise globally, which has compromised the efficacy of the currently available antimicrobial agents. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of two new fluoroquinolones, delafloxacin and finafloxacin, for the first time, against and spp. clinical isolates. Delafloxacin and finafloxacin displayed different antimicrobial susceptibility profiles against and spp. . Delafloxacin was found to be more effective against and spp. than three classical fluoroquinolones (finafloxacin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin). Finafloxacin displayed activity similar to moxifloxacin but superior to levofloxacin against and spp. Our findings demonstrate that delafloxacin is a promising fluoroquinolone with outstanding activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant and spp.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fluoroquinolones; Humans; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxifloxacin; Mycoplasma hominis; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections
PubMed: 35532225
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00099-22 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2021Culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing is a crucial method for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection . It must follow the European Committee on...
Culture-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing is a crucial method for the management of Helicobacter pylori infection . It must follow the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) recommendations for fastidious microaerophilic bacteria, with some possible variation especially for the medium to be used. It is recommended to test six antibiotics by diffusion using strips charged with an antibiotic gradient in order to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Two of these antibiotics, clarithromycin and levofloxacin, are more important because of frequent resistance which jeopardizes the success of the treatment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Culture Media; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Levofloxacin
PubMed: 33765308
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1302-3_6 -
International Wound Journal Jan 2024Chronic prostatitis, which frequently manifests with perineal or urethral ulcers, can have substantial impact on the quality of life experienced by affected individuals.... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Chronic prostatitis, which frequently manifests with perineal or urethral ulcers, can have substantial impact on the quality of life experienced by affected individuals. Present treatment approaches primarily target the alleviation of symptoms and control of complications. In patients with chronic prostatitis, this investigation examined the potential synergistic effects of tamsulosin and levofloxacin on urinary function and urethral and perineal wounds healing. This cross-sectional observational study was carried out at Chongqing Western Hospital, China, from February to November 2023. The participants comprised 88 males aged 40-75 years who had been clinically diagnosed with chronic prostatitis and complications that accompany the wound healing process. The participants were equally distributed into two groups: one assigned to the treatment group, which received a daily combination of levofloxacin (500 mg) and tamsulosin (0.4 mg) and other to receive conventional care. The wound healing rate and improvement in urinary function were the primary outcomes evaluated monthly for 9 months. Patient satisfaction and symptom amelioration were secondary outcomes, in addition to the surveillance of adverse effects. In comparison to the control, treatment group exhibited significantly higher rate of wound closure (78.08% at 1 month and 79.38% at 9 months) and urinary function improvement (66.69% at 1 month and 67.95% at 9 months). In addition, the treatment group exhibited a greater degree of symptom amelioration; however, a rise in adverse effects was observed. In every domain, patient satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the treatment group. Thus the combination of tamsulosin and levofloxacin improved urinary function and wound repair in patients with chronic prostatitis, while also exhibiting tolerable profile of adverse effects.
Topics: Male; Humans; Tamsulosin; Levofloxacin; Prostatitis; Quality of Life; Cross-Sectional Studies; Sulfonamides; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 38272823
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14656 -
Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Dec 2022In 2019, the CLSI lowered the susceptible levofloxacin breakpoints for Enterobacterales from a MIC of ≤2 μg/mL to ≤0.5 μg/mL. The study evaluated the correlation...
In 2019, the CLSI lowered the susceptible levofloxacin breakpoints for Enterobacterales from a MIC of ≤2 μg/mL to ≤0.5 μg/mL. The study evaluated the correlation between the susceptibility profiles obtained by the Vitek 2 and agar dilution (AD) methods in levofloxacin MIC ≤2 μg/mL isolates and its clinical impacts. Two hundred fifty-three Enterobacterales isolates and 222 patients treated with levofloxacin for Enterobacterales bacteremia were enrolled for analysis. There was 86.2% categorical agreement, 5 very major errors, and 30 minor errors based on the 2019 CLSI breakpoints. Higher levofloxacin MICs (1 or 2 μg/mL) determined using Vitek 2 or AD predicted early clinical failure (P < 0.001 for Vitek 2 and P = 0.001 for AD). In conclusion, Vitek 2 performance for levofloxacin susceptibility testing of Enterobacterales declined according to the 2019 CLSI criteria compared with the pre-2019 criteria. Although discrepant results were obtained, the MICs measured by Vitek 2 could still predict treatment outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Levofloxacin; Agar; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacteremia; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36215940
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2022.115799 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Jul 2022Microorganisms can evolve and become resistant to antimicrobials, and this is known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to...
INTRODUCTION
Microorganisms can evolve and become resistant to antimicrobials, and this is known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Inappropriate use of antibiotics contributes to AMR, and antimicrobial stewardship programs have been developed to mitigate AMR. The Appropriate Use of Carbapenems Program was implemented in March 2019 in a university hospital and its effect was evaluated.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective audit and feedback on carbapenems at the time of prescription daily. Additionally, we compared a monthly survey of the total days of therapy (DOTs) per 1000 patient-days for carbapenems, piperacillin/tazobactam, and fluoroquinolones. The susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, and levofloxacin was tested before (January 2018 to February 2019) and after (March 2019 to December 2020) the intervention.
RESULTS
The monthly median DOTs of carbapenem usage decreased after the intervention; carbapenem use immediately declined during the intervention period. The monthly median DOTs of piperacillin/tazobactam and fluoroquinolones also decreased and continued to decline significantly after the intervention. Susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam, and levofloxacin did not change significantly during the study.
CONCLUSION
The implementation of the Appropriate Use of Carbapenems Program was effective in reducing the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and maintaining the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimicrobial Stewardship; Carbapenems; Fluoroquinolones; Hospitals; Humans; Japan; Levofloxacin; Meropenem; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 35331613
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2022.03.006 -
Chemosphere Aug 2024Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) are broad-spectrum antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity. Although many studies have shown that antibiotics can lead...
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levofloxacin (LEV) are broad-spectrum antibiotics with potent antibacterial activity. Although many studies have shown that antibiotics can lead to gut microbiota disruption, the effects of CIP and LEV on gut microbial colonization at the embryonic stage remain poorly characterized. Here, we evaluated the response of Bufo gargarizans embryos in terms of gut microbiota colonization, growth and developmental stages to CIP and LEV exposure. Embryos treated with 100 μg/L CIP and LEV exhibited significantly reduced diversity and richness of the gut microbiota, as well as altered community structure. Both CIP and LEV treatments resulted in an increase in the pathogenic bacteria Bosea and Aeromonas, and they appeared to be more resistant to CIP than LEV. Additionally, CIP exposure caused reduced total length and delayed the development in B. gargarizans embryos, while LEV increased the total length and promoted embryonic development. The present study revealed the adverse effects of CIP and LEV exposure on host gut microbiota, growth and development during the embryonic stage, and contributed new perspectives to the evaluation of early aquatic ecological risk under CIP and LEV exposure.
Topics: Ciprofloxacin; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Animals; Levofloxacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bufonidae; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Bacteria
PubMed: 38871193
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142587 -
Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Two Perioperative Chemotherapy Regimens for Lumbar Brucellosis.Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2023The clinical efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy regimen (rifampicin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone) was evaluated for lumbar brucellosis spondylitis...
OBJECTIVE
The clinical efficacy of perioperative chemotherapy regimen (rifampicin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone) was evaluated for lumbar brucellosis spondylitis patients with neurological injury.
METHODS
In Beijing Ditan Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University, 32 patients with lumbar brucellosis spondylitis underwent surgery and triple perioperative chemotherapy (rifampicin, doxycycline, levofloxacin) between 2011 and 2021 due to neurological injury, and 34 patients matched up with the triple group underwent rifampicin, doxycycline, levofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. Both groups were compared in terms of changes in inflammation index, low back/leg pain, lumbar function, neurological function, and adverse drug reactions.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), low back pain visual analogue scale (VAS), leg pain VAS, lumbar Oswestry disability index (ODI) and nerve function injury rate between the two groups before chemotherapy (>0.05). The ESR, CRP at 1 week and 2 weeks after chemotherapy and 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month postoperatively in the quadruple group were significantly lower than those in the triple group, which is the same to ESR 3 months postoperatively (<0.05). The low back pain VAS, leg pain VAS and lumbar ODI in the quadruple group were significantly lower than those in the triple group at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively (<0.05). The recovery rate of neurological function in the quadruple group was significantly higher than that in the triple group at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (<0.05). Both groups did not experience significantly different perioperative and postoperative adverse reactions (0.05).
CONCLUSION
For lumbar brucellosis spondylitis with neurological injury, quadruple perioperative chemotherapy of rifampicin, doxycycline, levofloxacin and ceftriaxone can significantly reduce perioperative inflammation, and improve low back/leg pain, as well as promoting neurological function recovery in the short term.
Topics: Humans; Low Back Pain; Doxycycline; Rifampin; Levofloxacin; Ceftriaxone; Lumbar Vertebrae; Treatment Outcome; Brucellosis; Inflammation; Spondylitis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 38046280
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S427477 -
Journal of Global Antimicrobial... Jun 2023Generic medications are widely used because of their low cost. However, some generic medications show lower quality and clinical efficacy compared with brand-name...
OBJECTIVE
Generic medications are widely used because of their low cost. However, some generic medications show lower quality and clinical efficacy compared with brand-name medications, especially for antimicrobial drugs. Levofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antimicrobial drug with excellent antimicrobial activity and wide antimicrobial spectrum, while it is susceptible to drug resistance. Our study aims to evaluate the bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levofloxacin.
METHODS
The pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters (C, AUC, T, and t), pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters (in vitro antibacterial activity and the inhibition of resistant mutation), and PK/PD analysis (the probability of target attainment; the cumulative fraction of response) calculated by Monte Carlo simulation were investigated.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrated that compared with generics, brand-name levofloxacin not only had higher drug content, it also showed higher antimicrobial susceptibility, higher resistance to mutation ability, and higher percentage of each dosage interval wherein plasma concentration of antimicrobial agents exceeded the MPC (mutant prevention concentration to prevent the mutation of 90% strains) against various clinical isolates. Although the differences in AUC between brand-name levofloxacin and generics were not statistically significant (P > 0.05, F test), Monte Carlo simulation results showed cumulative fraction of response values for PK/PD of brand-name medications were higher than generics.
CONCLUSION
Our results indicated that PK or PD equivalence did not imply therapeutic equivalence; thus, we suggest including PK/PD analysis in the bioequivalence evaluation system, which benefits prediction of clinical outcome with high application value.
Topics: Levofloxacin; Monte Carlo Method; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fluoroquinolones; Anti-Infective Agents
PubMed: 36948495
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.03.002 -
Helicobacter Jun 2023Geographic differences exist in the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data...
BACKGROUND
Geographic differences exist in the antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori. Personalized treatment regimens based on local or individual resistance data are essential. We evaluated the current status of H. pylori resistance in Ningxia, analyzed resistance-related factors, and assessed the concordance of phenotypic and genotypic resistance.
METHODS
Strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa of patients infected with H. pylori in Ningxia and relevant clinical information was collected. Phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility assays (Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion) and antibiotic resistance gene detection (Sanger sequencing) were performed.
RESULTS
We isolated 1955 H. pylori strains. The resistance rates of H. pylori to amoxicillin, levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole were 0.9%, 42.4%, 40.4%, and 94.2%, respectively. Only five tetracycline-resistant and one furazolidone-resistant strain were identified. Overall, 3.3% of the strains were sensitive to all six antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 22.9%, of which less than 20% were from Wuzhong. Strains isolated from women and patients with nonulcerative disease had higher rates of resistance to levofloxacin and clarithromycin. Higher rates of resistance to metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin were observed in the older age group than in the younger age group. The kappa coefficients of phenotypic resistance and genotypic resistance for levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 0.830 and 0.809, respectively, whereas the remaining antibiotics showed poor agreement.
CONCLUSION
H. pylori antibiotic resistance is severe in Ningxia. Therefore, furazolidone, amoxicillin, and tetracycline are better choices for the empirical therapy of H. pylori infection in this region. Host sex, age, and the presence of ulcerative diseases may affect antibiotic resistance of the bacteria. Personalized therapy based on genetic testing for levofloxacin and clarithromycin resistance may be a future direction for the eradication therapy of H. pylori infection in Ningxia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Aged; Clarithromycin; Metronidazole; Helicobacter pylori; Levofloxacin; Helicobacter Infections; Retrospective Studies; Furazolidone; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Amoxicillin; Tetracycline; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 37042045
DOI: 10.1111/hel.12960