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Virulence Dec 2020Listeriosis is a rare and severe foodborne infection caused by . It manifests as septicemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal-fetal infection. In pregnancy, it may cause... (Review)
Review
Listeriosis is a rare and severe foodborne infection caused by . It manifests as septicemia, neurolisteriosis, and maternal-fetal infection. In pregnancy, it may cause maternal fever, premature delivery, fetal loss, neonatal systemic and central nervous system infections. Maternal listeriosis is mostly reported during the 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy, as sporadic cases or in the context of outbreaks. Strains belonging to clonal complexes 1, 4 and 6, referred to as hypervirulent, are the most associated to maternal-neonatal infections. Here we review the clinical, pathophysiological, and microbiological features of maternal-neonatal listeriosis.
Topics: Animals; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32363991
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1759287 -
Cellular Microbiology Apr 2020Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a systemic infection which manifests as bacteremia, often complicated by meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis, a systemic infection which manifests as bacteremia, often complicated by meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. It has emerged over the past decades as a major foodborne pathogen, responsible for numerous outbreaks in Western countries, and more recently in Africa. L. monocytogenes' pathogenic properties have been studied in detail, thanks to concomitant advances in biological sciences, in particular molecular biology, cell biology and immunology. L. monocytogenes has also been instrumental to basic advances in life sciences. L. monocytogenes therefore stands both a tool to understand biology and a model in infection biology. This review briefly summarises the clinical and some of the pathophysiological features of listeriosis. In the context of this special issue, it highlights some of the major discoveries made by Pascale Cossart in the fields of molecular and cellular microbiology since the mid-eighties regarding the identification and characterisation of multiple bacterial and host factors critical to L. monocytogenes pathogenicity. It also briefly summarises some of the key findings from our laboratory on this topic over the past years.
Topics: Animals; Food Microbiology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Mice; Sepsis
PubMed: 32185900
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13186 -
Trends in Microbiology Sep 2021Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an infection that can manifest in humans as bacteremia, meningoencephalitis in... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen responsible for listeriosis, an infection that can manifest in humans as bacteremia, meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised patients and the elderly, and fetal-placental infection in pregnant women. Reference strains from this facultative intracellular bacterium have been instrumental in the investigation of basic mechanisms in microbiology, immunology, and cell biology. The integration of bacterial population genomics with environmental, epidemiological, and clinical data allowed the uncovering of new factors involved in the virulence of L. monocytogenes and its adaptation to different environments. This review illustrates how these investigations have led to a better understanding of the bacterium's virulence and the driving forces that shaped it.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Biodiversity; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Virulence
PubMed: 33583696
DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.008 -
The Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary... Oct 2020Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes is a zoonotic food-borne pathogen that is associated with serious public health and economic implications. In animals, L. monocytogenes can be associated with clinical listeriosis, which is characterised by symptoms such as abortion, encephalitis and septicaemia. In human beings, listeriosis symptoms include encephalitis, septicaemia and meningitis. In addition, listeriosis may cause gastroenteric symptoms in human beings and still births or spontaneous abortions in pregnant women. In the last few years, a number of reported outbreaks and sporadic cases associated with consumption of contaminated meat and meat products with L. monocytogenes have increased in developing countries. A variety of virulence factors play a role in the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes. This zoonotic pathogen can be diagnosed using both classical microbiological techniques and molecular-based methods. There is limited information about L. monocytogenes recovered from meat and meat products in African countries. This review strives to: (1) provide information on prevalence and control measures of L. monocytogenes along the meat value chain, (2) describe the epidemiology of L. monocytogenes (3) provide an overview of different methods for detection and typing of L. monocytogenes for epidemiological, regulatory and trading purposes and (4) discuss the pathogenicity, virulence traits and antimicrobial resistance profiles of L. monocytogenes.
Topics: Africa; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Meat; Meat Products
PubMed: 33054262
DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1869 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jul 2019Whereas obligate human and animal bacterial pathogens may be able to depend upon the warmth and relative stability of their chosen replication niche, environmental... (Review)
Review
Whereas obligate human and animal bacterial pathogens may be able to depend upon the warmth and relative stability of their chosen replication niche, environmental bacteria such as that harbor the ability to replicate both within animal cells and in the outside environment must maintain the capability to manage life under a variety of disparate conditions. Bacterial life in the outside environment requires adaptation to wide ranges of temperature, available nutrients, and physical stresses such as changes in pH and osmolarity as well as desiccation. Following ingestion by a susceptible animal host, the bacterium must adapt to similar changes during transit through the gastrointestinal tract and overcome a variety of barriers associated with host innate immune responses. Rapid alteration of patterns of gene expression and protein synthesis represent one strategy for quickly adapting to a dynamic host landscape. Here, we provide an overview of the impressive variety of strategies employed by the soil-dwelling, foodborne, mammalian pathogen to straddle diverse environments and optimize bacterial fitness both inside and outside host cells.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Osmolar Concentration; Virulence
PubMed: 31441398
DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.GPP3-0064-2019 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Sep 2021is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require... (Review)
Review
is one of the most invasive foodborne pathogens and is responsible for numerous outbreaks worldwide. Most of the methods to detect this bacterium in food require selective enrichment using traditional bacterial culture techniques that can be time-consuming and labour-intensive. Moreover, molecular methods are expensive and need specific technical knowledge. In contrast, immunological approaches are faster, simpler, and user-friendly alternatives and have been developed for the detection of in food, environmental, and clinical samples. These techniques are dependent on the constitutive expression of antigens and the specificity of the antibodies used. Here, updated knowledge on pathogenesis and the key immunogenic virulence determinants of that are used for the generation of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for the serological assay development are summarised. In addition, immunological approaches based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence, lateral flow immunochromatographic assays, and immunosensors with relevant improvements are highlighted. Though the sensitivity and specificity of the assays were improved significantly, methods still face many challenges that require further validation before use.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Biosensing Techniques; Food Microbiology; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Listeria monocytogenes; Listeriosis; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 33896354
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2021.1911930 -
Foodborne Pathogens and Disease Jun 2024is a critical foodborne pathogen that causes severe invasive and noninvasive diseases and is associated with high mortality. Information on the prevalence of...
is a critical foodborne pathogen that causes severe invasive and noninvasive diseases and is associated with high mortality. Information on the prevalence of infections in Taiwan is very limited. This study aimed to analyze the molecular epidemiological surveillance and virulence gene distribution of 176 human clinical isolates collected between 2009 and 2019 in northern Taiwan. Our results showed that the isolates belonged to 4 serogroups (IIa, IIb, IVb, and IIc), with most isolates in serogroups IIa (81/176, 46%) and IIb (71/176, 40.3%). Multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed 18 sequence types (STs) and 13 clonal complexes (CCs). Eighty-four percent of all isolates belonged to six STs: CC87-ST87 (40/176, 22.7%), CC19-ST378 (36/176, 19.9%), CC155-ST155 (28/176, 15.5%), CC1-ST710 (16/176, 8.8%), CC5-ST5 (16/176, 8.8%), and CC101-ST101 (11/176, 6.1%). Furthermore, our analysis showed the distributions of four pathogenicity islands (LIPI) among all isolates. LIPI-1 and LIPI-2 existed in all isolates, whereas LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 only existed in specific STs and CCs. LIPI-3 existed in the STs, CC1-ST710, CC3-ST3, CC288-ST295, and CC191-ST1458, whereas LIPI-4 could be found in the STs, CC87-ST87 and CC87-ST1459. Strains containing LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 are potentially hypervirulent; thus, 68/176 isolates (39.1%) collected in this study were potentially hypervirulent. Since infections are considered highly correlated with diet, molecular epidemiological surveillance of in food is important; continued surveillance will provide critical information to prevent foodborne diseases.
Topics: Listeria monocytogenes; Taiwan; Humans; Listeriosis; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Virulence; Serogroup; Virulence Factors; Genomic Islands; Foodborne Diseases; Molecular Epidemiology
PubMed: 38346310
DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0136 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2021Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular gram-positive pathogen, is the causative agent of the disease listeriosis. The virulence of this intracellular... (Review)
Review
Listeria monocytogenes, a facultative intracellular gram-positive pathogen, is the causative agent of the disease listeriosis. The virulence of this intracellular bacterium is dependent on the coordinated activity of various bacterial factors, which are in turn tightly controlled by a specific set of regulators. The various virulence factors employed by L. monocytogenes for its infection cycle are well reported in literature. Although the internalins of L. monocytogenes have been studied in detail, their structural details are currently scattered and fragmented. Therefore, in the current review, we provide a brief account of the existing knowledge on structural details of the key internalins of L. monocytogenes and also highlight the recent advances in their functional aspects.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Listeria monocytogenes
PubMed: 34473616
DOI: 10.2174/1389203722666210902163300 -
Molecular Microbiology Mar 2020The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens,... (Review)
Review
The acquisition process of antibiotic resistance in an otherwise susceptible organism is shaped by the ecology of the species. Unlike other relevant human pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes has maintained a high rate of susceptibility to the antibiotics used for decades to treat human and animal infections. However, L. monocytogenes can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other organisms' plasmids and conjugative transposons. Ecological factors could account for its susceptibility. L. monocytogenes is ubiquitous in nature, most frequently including reservoirs unexposed to antibiotics, including intracellular sanctuaries. L. monocytogenes has a remarkably closed genome, reflecting limited community interactions, small population sizes and high niche specialization. The L. monocytogenes species is divided into variants that are specialized in small specific niches, which reduces the possibility of coexistence with potential donors of antibiotic resistance. Interactions with potential donors are also hampered by interspecies antagonism. However, occasional increases in population sizes (and thus the possibility of acquiring antibiotic resistance) can derive from selection of the species based on intrinsic or acquired resistance to antibiotics, biocides, heavy metals or by a natural tolerance to extreme conditions. High-quality surveillance of the emergence of resistance to the key drugs used in primary therapy is mandatory.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids
PubMed: 32185838
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14454 -
Proteomics Sep 2022Listeria monocytogenes is one of the main foodborne pathogens worldwide. Although its response to stress conditions has been extensively studied, it is still present in...
Listeria monocytogenes is one of the main foodborne pathogens worldwide. Although its response to stress conditions has been extensively studied, it is still present in the food processing environments and is a concern for consumers. To investigate how this microorganism adapts its proteome in mild stress conditions, a combined proteomics and bioinformatics approach was used to characterize the immunogenic protein profile of a sequence type 7 (ST7) strain that caused severe listeriosis outbreaks in central Italy. Extracted proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting using positive sera against L. monocytogenes and nLC-ESI-MS/MS, and all data were examined by five software to predict subcellular localization (SCL). A total of 226 proteins were extracted from the bands of interest, 58 of which were classified as potential immunogenic antigens. Compared to control cells grown under optimal conditions, six proteins, some of which under-described, were expressed under mild acid and salt stress conditions and/or at 12°C. In particular, adaptation and shaping of the proteome mainly involved cell motility at 12°C without acid and salt stress, whereas the combination of the same temperature with mild acid and salt stress induced a response concerning carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress, and DNA repair. Raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033519.
Topics: Acids; Listeria monocytogenes; Proteome; Salt Stress; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35916071
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200082