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Alzheimer Disease and Associated...Executive function (EF) involves a general cognitive process linked to strategic organization and control of complex goal-oriented tasks. In young-onset dementia (YOD),...
INTRODUCTION
Executive function (EF) involves a general cognitive process linked to strategic organization and control of complex goal-oriented tasks. In young-onset dementia (YOD), especially Alzheimer's disease, the symptoms that stand out in the initial stage are deficits in attention, visual-spatial function, praxis, and language. The present study aims to investigate what components of EF differ in young and late-onset dementia (LOD) and its impact on awareness and its domains.
METHODS
Using a cross-sectional design, we included 44 people with YOD and 70 with LOD. We assessed awareness and its domains, cognition, dementia severity, EF, functionality, and neuropsychiatric symptoms.
RESULTS
The YOD group was more impaired in general cognition ( P =0.017) and had a worse performance in Wechsler Digit Span Backward (DSB) ( P =0.007) and Phonemic fluency task (FAS) ( P =0.046) tests. In the LOD group, deficits in EF had a greater impact on awareness and on most domains (awareness total score, cognitive functioning and health condition, functional activity impairments and social function).
CONCLUSIONS
Our study findings support the heterogeneity of awareness, not only with regard to the difference between the domains and the measures of EF, but also to the groups studied.
Topics: Humans; Dementia; Executive Function; Cross-Sectional Studies; Age of Onset; Alzheimer Disease
PubMed: 37561987
DOI: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000561 -
Asian Journal of Psychiatry Dec 2020Older adults with depression often have cognitive deficits contributing to higher morbidity and increased risk for conversion to dementia. Research on this area is...
BACKGROUND
Older adults with depression often have cognitive deficits contributing to higher morbidity and increased risk for conversion to dementia. Research on this area is limited from India.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the current study is to examine the neuropsychological measures in older adults with Late-onset depression (LOD) compared to healthy controls (HC).
METHOD
Sample included older adults with depression as per DSM-IV TR criteria seeking treatment from Geriatric Clinic and Services, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS). Geriatric depression scale, Montgomery Asberg depression rating scale and Hamilton anxiety rating scale were applied to screen and measure the severity of depression. Comprehensive assessment of neurocognitive function was done using NIMAHNS Neuropsychological Battery for Elderly (NNBE, 2013).
RESULTS
Sample included 76 LOD patients and 76 healthy controls (HC) who were matched for age, gender and education. The mean age of onset of illness was 63.17(SD-6.54) years and median duration of total illness was 29.5 months. In the standard assessments, the mean score on GDS was 9.28 (SD-3.32) and MADRS was 18.88 (SD-6.07). The LOD group had lower Hindi Mental Status Examination (HMSE) score compared to HC (28.64 ± 2.09 vs 30.05 ± 1.26, p < 0.001). Compared to HC, LOD group performed poorly on tasks of attention, executive function, verbal and visual memory, verbal fluency and visuo-spatial skills. Recognition memory and logical memory were relatively preserved in LOD compared to HC.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Cognitive deficits were seen predominantly in attention and executive function, visuo-spatial skills and memory similar to previous studies. It is advisable to routinely assess cognitive symptoms in older adults presenting with depression.
Topics: Aged; Cognition Disorders; Depression; Executive Function; Humans; India; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 33271715
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102435 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Aug 2023The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test comprises 3 direct serum markers of fibrosis-hyaluronic acid (HA), amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP),...
BACKGROUND
The Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Test comprises 3 direct serum markers of fibrosis-hyaluronic acid (HA), amino-terminal pro-peptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1)-whose results are combined in an algorithm to generate the ELF score. Outside the U.S., the ELF Test and score are CE marked for assessment of liver fibrosis severity in patients with signs, symptoms, or risk factors of chronic liver disease to support diagnosis of fibrosis staging or prognosis for likelihood of progression to cirrhosis and liver-related clinical events. In the U.S., the FDA granted de novo marketing authorization to aid prognostic evaluation of disease progression (to cirrhosis and liver-related clinical events) in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients with advanced liver fibrosis. We describe the analytical performance of the ELF analytes and score on the Atellica® IM Analyzer.
METHODS
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocols were followed for detection capability (limits of blank [LoB], detection [LoD], and quantitation [LoQ]), precision, interference, linearity, hook effect, and ELF reference interval.
RESULTS
All parameters met predetermined requirements: HA (LoB 1.00 ng/mL, LoD 2.00 ng/mL, LoQ 3.00 ng/mL); PIIINP (LoB 0.50 ng/mL, LoD 0.75 ng/mL, LoQ 1.00 ng/mL); TIMP-1 (LoB 3.0 ng/mL, LoD 4.0 ng/mL, LoQ 5.0 ng/mL). Across the 3 assays, repeatability was ≤5.4% CV; within-lab precision was ≤8.5% CV. ELF score repeatability was ≤0.6% CV, within-lab precision ≤1.3% CV, and reproducibility ≤1.1% CV. Good correlation was obtained between the Atellica IM ELF and ADVIA Centaur ELF Tests (y = 1.01x - 0.22, r = 0.997). Assays were linear across analytical measuring ranges.
CONCLUSIONS
Analytical performance validation results for the ELF Test and ELF score were excellent making the test acceptable for routine clinical use.
Topics: Humans; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Reproducibility of Results; Liver Cirrhosis; Fibrosis; Liver; Biomarkers; Hyaluronic Acid
PubMed: 37390944
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117461 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2022Rice ( L.) is one of the important staple foods for human consumption and livestock use. As a complex quality trait, free amino acid (FAA) content in rice is of...
Rice ( L.) is one of the important staple foods for human consumption and livestock use. As a complex quality trait, free amino acid (FAA) content in rice is of nutritional importance. To dissect the genetic mechanism of FAA level, five amino acids' (Val, Leu, Ile, Arg, and Trp) content and 4,325,832 high-quality SNPs of 448 rice accessions were used to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWAS) with nine different methods. Of these methods, one single-locus method (GEMMA), seven multi-locus methods (mrMLM, pLARmEB, FASTmrEMMA, pKWmEB, FASTmrMLM, ISIS EM-BLASSO, and FarmCPU), and the recent released 3VmrMLM were adopted for methodological comparison of quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) detection and identification of stable quantitative trait nucleotide loci (QTLs). As a result, 987 QTNs were identified by eight multi-locus GWAS methods; FASTmrEMMA detected the most QTNs (245), followed by 3VmrMLM (160), and GEMMA detected the least QTNs (0). Among 88 stable QTLs identified by the above methods, 3VmrMLM has some advantages, such as the most common QTNs, the highest LOD score, and the highest proportion of all detected stable QTLs. Around these stable QTLs, candidate genes were found in the GO classification to be involved in the primary metabolic process, biosynthetic process, and catalytic activity, and shown in KEGG analysis to have participated in metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of amino acids, and tryptophan metabolism. Natural variations of candidate genes resulting in the content alteration of five FAAs were identified in this association panel. In addition, 95 QTN-by-environment interactions (QEIs) of five FAA levels were detected by 3VmrMLM only. GO classification showed that the candidate genes got involved in the primary metabolic process, transport, and catalytic activity. Candidate genes of QEIs played important roles in valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation (QEI_09_03978551 and candidate gene in the Leu dataset), tryptophan metabolism (QEI_01_00617184 and candidate gene in the Trp dataset), and glutathione metabolism (QEI_12_09153839 and candidate gene in the Arg dataset) pathways through KEGG analysis. As an alternative of the multi-locus GWAS method, these findings suggested that the application of 3VmrMLM may provide new insights into better understanding FAA accumulation and facilitate the molecular breeding of rice with high FAA level.
PubMed: 36420042
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1048860 -
East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Sep 2019This study aimed to examine the association between five personality traits and late-onset depression in Hong Kong older people.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to examine the association between five personality traits and late-onset depression in Hong Kong older people.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included a convenience sample of 40 older people with late-onset depression (LOD) and 54 non-depressed elderly controls. The patients were assessed using the NEO Five Factor Inventory (for personality), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (for depression severity), the Mini-Mental State Examination (for cognitive function), the Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (for functioning), and the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (for number of physical illnesses).
RESULT
The LOD group had a higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score (18.9 vs 3.7, p < 0.001), lower Mini Mental State Examination score (24.9 vs 26.4, p = 0.004), and lower Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale score (21.9 vs 23.7, p = 0.013). On the NEO Five Factor Inventory, the LOD group had a higher neuroticism score (30.7 vs 17.5, p < 0.001) and lower scores on extraversion (19.0 vs 26.4, p < 0.001), openness (18.9 vs 21.5, p = 0.026), and conscientiousness (29.1 vs 33.8, p < 0.001). Neuroticism was the only significant predictor of LOD (odds ratio = 2.325, p = 0.001) and the only significant factor associated with depression severity (β = 0.581, p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS
The personality trait of neuroticism is associated with LOD and its severity. Assessment of personality traits should be included in the assessment of people with depression.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Hong Kong; Humans; Late Onset Disorders; Male; Personality; Personality Inventory; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 31566183
DOI: 10.12809/eaap1761 -
Turkish Journal of Obstetrics and... Mar 2022To investigate the impact of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) on the expression of endometrial NFκB p65 (Rel A) in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) on the expression of endometrial NFκB p65 (Rel A) in women with clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study group comprised 25 normal-weight women with PCOS undergoing LOD and 14 control women without PCOS. Endometrial NF-κB p65 levels evaluated before and after LOD following immunohistochemical staining. The semiquantitative method was used to evaluate the intensity of NF-κB p65 levels. NF-κB p65 was found to higher in the endometrium of patients with PCOS compared to controls. LOD leads to significant down-regulation in endometrial NF-κB p65 expression. NF-κB p65 expression of PCOS and fertile control were similar after LOD. After LOD, H-score values decreased approximately 3-fold. The H-score of the control subjects was lower than the preoperative and postoperative H-score values of the control women with ovarian cyst.
RESULTS
Expression of endometrial NF-κB p65 did not change following ovarian cystectomy. The laterality of the ovarian cyst did not cause any change in preoperative H-score values.
CONCLUSION
By downregulating the endometrial NF-κB p65 expression LOD improved physiological inflammation in women with PCOS.
PubMed: 35343219
DOI: 10.4274/tjod.galenos.2022.44845 -
Human Molecular Genetics Mar 2023Congenital hearing impairment (HI) is a genetically highly heterogeneous disorder in which prompt recognition and intervention are crucial to optimize outcomes. In this...
Congenital hearing impairment (HI) is a genetically highly heterogeneous disorder in which prompt recognition and intervention are crucial to optimize outcomes. In this study, we used exome sequencing to investigate a large consanguineous Pakistani family with eight affected individuals showing bilateral severe-to-profound HI. This identified a homozygous splice region variant in STX4 (c.232 + 6T>C), which causes exon skipping and a frameshift, that segregated with HI (two-point logarithm of odds (LOD) score = 5.9). STX4, a member of the syntaxin family, is a component of the SNARE machinery involved in several vesicle transport and recycling pathways. In silico analysis showed that murine orthologue Stx4a is highly and widespread expressed in the developing and adult inner ear. Immunofluorescent imaging revealed localization of STX4A in the cell body, cell membrane and stereocilia of inner and outer hair cells. Furthermore, a morpholino-based knockdown of stx4 in zebrafish showed an abnormal startle response, morphological and developmental defects, and a disrupted mechanotransduction function in neuromast hair cells measured via FM1-43 uptake. Our findings indicate that STX4 dysfunction leads to HI in humans and zebrafish and supports the evolutionary conserved role of STX4 in inner ear development and hair cell functioning.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Animals; Mice; Zebrafish; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Qa-SNARE Proteins; Hearing; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer
PubMed: 36355422
DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac257 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ Nov 2022High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assays promise high diagnostic accuracy for myocardial infarction (MI). In an ED where conventional cTnI was in use, we...
BACKGROUND
High-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) assays promise high diagnostic accuracy for myocardial infarction (MI). In an ED where conventional cTnI was in use, we evaluated an assessment pathway using the new Access hsTnI assay.
METHODS
This retrospective analysis recruited ED patients with suspected MI between June and September 2019. All patients received routine care with a conventional cTnI assay (AccuTnI +3: limit of detection (LoD) 10 ng/L, 99th centile upper reference limit (URL) 40 ng/L, abnormal elevation cut-point 80 ng/L). Arrival, then 90-minute or 360-minute cTnI levels for low and non-low risk patients, respectively (ED Assessment of Chest pain score) guided diagnosis and disposition which was at treating physician discretion. The same patients had arrival and 90-minute or 180-minute samples drawn for hs-cTnI levels (Access hsTnI: LoD 2 ng/L, 99th centile URL 10 ng/L (females) and 20 ng/L (males); abnormal elevation above the URL and delta >30%). Treating physicians were blinded to the hs-cTnI results. Using the hs-cTnI values, investigators retrospectively assigned likely diagnosis, disposition and likelihood of a 30-day major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Admission was recommended for significantly rising hs-cTnI elevations. The primary objective was to demonstrate an acceptable unexpected 30-day post-discharge MACE rate of <1%. cTnI elevation rates, diagnostic outcomes and ED disposition were also compared between pathways.
RESULTS
For the 935 patients, unexpected 30-day post-discharge MACE rates were 0/935 (0%, 95% CI 0% to 0.4%) with the conventional or novel pathway. For the high-sensitivity and conventional assays, respectively, abnormal elevation rates were 29% (95% CI 26% to 32%) and 19% (95% CI 17% to 22%), for MI were 9% (95% CI 8% to 11%) and 8% (95% CI 6% to 10%), and for hospital admission were 42% (95% CI 39% to 45%) and 43% (95% CI 40% to 47%).
CONCLUSION
The novel pathway using the Access hsTnI assay has an acceptably low 30-day MACE rate.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Troponin I; Retrospective Studies; Aftercare; Patient Discharge; Myocardial Infarction; Biomarkers
PubMed: 34759013
DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210812 -
GeroScience Apr 2021The association between late-life depression (LLD) and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) was suggested by preliminary studies, but reliance on LLD subtypes may introduce...
The association between late-life depression (LLD) and age-related hearing loss (ARHL) was suggested by preliminary studies, but reliance on LLD subtypes may introduce significant bias. We examined the association between ARHL and LLD according to the age of onset (early-onset depression (EOD) and late-onset depression (LOD)). We investigated the association between ARHL and LLD diagnosed according to the Semi-structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV-TR in 1749 Italian community-dwelling older subjects from the population-based GreatAGE Study, Southern Italy. Peripheral ARHL was assessed as a pure tone average (PTA) threshold > 40 dB hearing level in the better ear- and age-related CAPD as a score of < 50% to the Synthetic Sentences Identification with Ipsilateral Competitive Message (SSI-ICM) test. LLD amounted at 10.29% of the sample, subdivided in LOD (6.21%) and EOD (4.08%). Age-related CAPD tended to be higher in LOD (28.91%) than in EOD (19.05%). After accounting for covariates, LOD was tendentially associated to age-related CAPD, but not to peripheral ARHL. This trend was confirmed by the linear models in which LOD was significantly associated to worsen SSI-ICM percentages (odds ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.32-4.30, p = 0.004), but not to PTA values. In a fully adjusted model of LOD, the effect of the association between CAPD and LOD was explained by social dysfunction. LLD was not associated to peripheral ARHL. Age-related CAPD was associated to LOD, a form of depression with cognitive dysfunction hallmark. The ARHL assessment may be an important opportunity to prevent depressive disorders in later life, particularly for LOD.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Depression; Humans; Italy; Language Development Disorders
PubMed: 33128133
DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00290-1 -
BioMed Research International 2020Late onset depression (LOD) often occurs in the context of vascular disease and may be associated with risk of dementia. Aspirin is widely used to reduce the risk of...
BACKGROUND
Late onset depression (LOD) often occurs in the context of vascular disease and may be associated with risk of dementia. Aspirin is widely used to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, its role in patients with LOD and risk of dementia remains inconclusive. A population-based study was conducted using data from National Health Insurance of Taiwan during 1996-2009. Patients fulfil diagnostic criteria for LOD with or without subsequent dementia (incident dementia) and among whom users of aspirin (75 mg daily for at least 6 months) were identified. The time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model was applied for multivariate analyses. Propensity scores with the one-to-one nearest-neighbor matching model were used to select matching patients. Cumulative incidence of incident dementia after diagnosis of LOD was calculated by Kaplan-Meier Method.
RESULTS
A total of 6028 (13.4%) and 40,411 (86.6%) patients were defined as, with and without diagnosis of LOD, among whom 2,424 (41.9%) were aspirin users. Patients with LOD had more comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension comparing to those without LOD. Among patients with LOD, aspirin users had lower incidence of subsequent incident dementia than non-users (Hazard Ratio = 0.734, 95% CI 0.641-0.841, < 0.001). After matching aspirin users with non-users by propensity scores-matching method, the cumulative incidence of incident dementia was significantly lower in aspirin users of LOD patients ( < 0.001). After matching aspirin users with non-users by propensity scores-matching method, the cumulative incidence of incident dementia was significantly lower in aspirin users of LOD patients (.
CONCLUSIONS
Aspirin may be associated with a lower risk of incident dementia in patients with LOD. This beneficial effect of aspirin in LOD patients needs validation in prospective clinical trials and our results should be interpreted with caution.
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Aspirin; Cohort Studies; Dementia; Depression; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Propensity Score; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32090069
DOI: 10.1155/2020/1704879