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JAMA Dermatology Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome; Female; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 36197686
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.3979 -
Clinics in Dermatology 2023T. Colcott Fox (1849-1916) first introduced in 1889 the term "figurate erythemas." According to the clinical pattern, figurate erythemas are annular, circinate,...
T. Colcott Fox (1849-1916) first introduced in 1889 the term "figurate erythemas." According to the clinical pattern, figurate erythemas are annular, circinate, concentric, polycyclic, or arciform. The most important figurate annulare erythemas are erythema annulare centrifugum, erythema marginatum, erythema gyratum repens, erythema migrans, erythema chronicum migrans, and the pediatric annular erythemas. Erythema annulare centrifugum might be due to fungal, bacterial, or viral infections or drugs. It tends to spread centrifugally while developing central clearing. The most common locations are the trunk and the proximal extremities. Individual lesions last from several days to weeks and may resolve spontaneously. Erythema marginatum is one of the criteria for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever, but it also might be seen as a symptom of other diseases such as hereditary angioedema with C1-inhibitor deficiency and psittacosis. The typical clinical picture is presented by serpiginous erythematous macules and plaques with central clearing and accentuated borders. Erythema gyratum repens is a figurate erythema associated with internal malignancy. It has been linked especially to lung, esophageal, and breast cancers. Erythema gyratum repens is characterized by multiple erythematous, rounded macules or papules, rapidly progressing and forming concentric bands with an unique wood-grained appearance with desquamation on the edges of the erythema. Erythema chronicum migrans is the most common sign of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi and other Borrelia species. It is characterized by a round or oval erythematous or livid macule with a central depressed or raised area on the spot of a previous tick bite. Erythema migrans grows centrifugally and slowly in a matter of days or weeks. Central clearing is observed in 60% of patients, thus forming a targetoid appearance of the lesion. Many other figurate erythemas can be observed in infancy (pediatric annular erythemas). To this group belong neonatal lupus, erythema gyratum atrophicans transiens neonatale, annular centrifugal erythema, familial annular erythema, annular erythema of infancy, eosinophilic annular erythema, and figurate neutrophilic erythema of infancy. The treatment of the various types of figurate erythemas should be etiologic, and when the underlying condition is addressed, the therapy usually is successful.
PubMed: 37433389
DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2023.07.005 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Jun 2021
Topics: Cafe-au-Lait Spots; Humans; Mosaicism
PubMed: 34139091
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14551_g -
Frontiers in Medicine 2021Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog () gene, and is characterized by multiple hamartomas... (Review)
Review
Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog () gene, and is characterized by multiple hamartomas and a predisposition to malignant tumors. Characteristic skin lesions include trichilemmomas, acral keratosis, mucocutaneous neuromas, oral papillomas, and penile macules, and are often the first clues to the underlying diagnosis. Here, we discuss the mucocutaneous manifestations of CS, differential diagnoses of genetic causes of each cutaneous finding, genetic analyses for patients with skin manifestations, management of patients with CS, and potential new targeted therapies for CS.
PubMed: 34179044
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.658842 -
Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research Mar 2021Vitiligo, the most common depigmenting disorder of the skin, is undergoing a period of intense advances in both disease understanding and therapeutic possibilities... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo, the most common depigmenting disorder of the skin, is undergoing a period of intense advances in both disease understanding and therapeutic possibilities leading the way to the beginning of a new era for the disorder. Its pathophysiology has gathered the attention of researchers for years, and many advances have been made in the clarification of the interaction between different factors that result in depigmented macule formation. The complex interplay between non-immunological and immunological factors in vitiligo is key for the development of the disease, and the participation of cells other than melanocytes, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells, has been shown. Recent advances have also brought to the understanding of the complex part played by a specific subtype of T cells: T-resident memory cells. This review analyzes some of the most recent insights in vitiligo pathogenesis underlining the interactions between different cell types, which are the basis for the therapeutic approaches under development.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmunity; Humans; Immunity, Innate; T-Lymphocytes; Vitiligo
PubMed: 33278065
DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12949 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Apr 2020Lentigo maligna (LM) is an in situ subtype of melanoma, clinically presenting as a pigmented, asymmetric macule that originates mostly on the head and neck and spreads... (Review)
Review
Lentigo maligna (LM) is an in situ subtype of melanoma, clinically presenting as a pigmented, asymmetric macule that originates mostly on the head and neck and spreads slowly. The diagnosis may be challenging both for clinicians and pathologists. Dermatoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy represent a useful tool in the differentiation of LM from other pigmented lesions, such as pigmented actinic keratosis, solar lentigines, seborrheic keratosis and lichen planus-like keratosis. Moreover, those non-invasive diagnostic technique may be crucial in the selection of optimal biopsy sites in equivocal lesions, in pre-surgical mapping and in evaluating and monitoring response to non-surgical treatments. Histologic examination remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of LM, showing a lentiginous proliferation of basal atypical melanocytes on a severe sun-damaged skin. The management of LM is constantly evolving. Treatments include surgery (the first choice, when available), radiotherapy and imiquimod cream (in patients not candidates to surgery). Many other possible treatments for LM have been tested, but they are not yet supported by strong evidences. We collected current guidelines and PubMed available reviews, studies and case-reports in order to make an overview on diagnosis and treatment of LM.
Topics: Humans; Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 29683288
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.06003-0 -
Cureus Apr 2020Tinea nigra is an uncommon superficial dermatomycosis precipitated by , a halophilic and halothermic yeast-like fungus capable of producing a melanin-like substance....
Tinea nigra is an uncommon superficial dermatomycosis precipitated by , a halophilic and halothermic yeast-like fungus capable of producing a melanin-like substance. This pathogen infiltrates the stratum corneum in the setting of microtrauma and produces an asymptomatic brown to black macule or patch that appears similarly to melanocytic nevi or melanoma. We present a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented to clinic several months after developing a painless, nonpruritic dark brown patch in her left foot inside the fourth toe web. The coloration and location of this lesion would typically prompt biopsy; however, Wood's lamp examination and potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation were pursued first and demonstrated evidence of infection by . The patient was treated with topical clotrimazole cream and miconazole powder for one month, and her lesions cleared completely. Her lesions did not recur at her three-month follow-up appointment.
PubMed: 32391228
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.7579