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Cureus Sep 2022Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost,... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo, a common depigmenting cutaneous condition, is thought to affect 0.5%-2% of the world's population. During this condition, melanocytes are selectively lost, resulting in non-scaly, chalky-white macules. Achromic macules and patches are side effects of the multifaceted disease vitiligo, defined as the absence of epidermal pigmentation. The causes of this disaster are three significant factors. A suppressed reaction to touch allergens is one of many abnormal activities of the hypopigmented epidermis, which has also been observed in hypopigmented rats. The white epidermis of people with albinism, which is the same color as vitiligo, is more vulnerable to skin carcinoma; the white epidermis of people with vitiligo does not develop non-melanoma skin carcinoma. The overall etiology of vitiligo, which is now categorically recognized as an immunological illness, has made significant strides in recent years. Even though vitiligo is frequently dismissed as an esthetic issue, it can have serious mental consequences and significantly interfere with daily life. A global consensus in 2011 classified segmental vitiligo separately from all other types of vitiligo. The term vitiligo has been repurposed to refer to various types of nonsegmental vitiligo. There are numerous pharmaceutical procedures available on the market that aim to stop the development of and induce epidermal repigmentation. Variable levels of skin pigmentation have been observed with such therapies, either alone or in combination, and their predominance was safe and efficient. There are few vitiligo treatments available, and none of them can reliably cause repigmentation in every individual. Individualized management is required depending on geography, physical appearance, and the presence of illness activities. The preceding study aims to provide insight into the potential prospects of vitiligo medication while also summarizing the current body of knowledge on the condition.
PubMed: 36304341
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.29307 -
JAMA Dermatology Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Tinea; Hand Dermatoses
PubMed: 36287580
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2022.4442 -
International Journal of Dermatology Mar 2023Vitiligo is characterized by the development of depigmented macules and patches. Autoimmunity has been established as a factor in disease pathogenesis, leading to... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is characterized by the development of depigmented macules and patches. Autoimmunity has been established as a factor in disease pathogenesis, leading to utilization of immunosuppressive agents. Topical immunosuppressants are commonly used; however, this treatment modality is often cumbersome and inefficient, as many patients have active disease with extensive body surface area involvement. Prompt and aggressive treatment of vitiligo is important, as this may prevent progression and improve quality of life. To meet these challenges and improve patient outcomes, interest in systemic therapies has grown. Currently, oral therapies are rarely prescribed, likely due to concerns with systemic side effects and unclear efficacy. This article provides a brief overview on the use of systemic agents in treating vitiligo in order to provide additional therapeutic options to clinicians.
Topics: Humans; Vitiligo; Quality of Life; Phototherapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Autoimmunity
PubMed: 35133006
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16114 -
Kathmandu University Medical Journal...Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a rare pigmentary genodermatosis usually inherited in autosomal dominant fashion characterized by multiple pinpoint to...
Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria (DUH) is a rare pigmentary genodermatosis usually inherited in autosomal dominant fashion characterized by multiple pinpoint to pea-sized hypo- and hyper-pigmented macules arranged in reticulate pattern that develops within the first few years of life. An 11 years old boy presented with multiple gradually progressive asymptomatic hypopigmented macules on hyperpigmented background on trunk, extremities and face since 2 years of age. Family history was absent. Punch biopsies revealed increased number of melanocytes in the epidermis with basal cell vacuolar alteration and pigmentary incontinence and perivascular infiltration by lymphocytes and melanophages in the dermis. We herein present a sporadic case of dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria.
Topics: Child; Humans; Male; Melanosis; Pigmentation Disorders; Skin; Skin Diseases, Genetic
PubMed: 34812175
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedicines Oct 2022Vitiligo is a complex disorder with an important effect on the self-esteem and social life of patients. It is the commonest acquired depigmentation disorder... (Review)
Review
Vitiligo is a complex disorder with an important effect on the self-esteem and social life of patients. It is the commonest acquired depigmentation disorder characterized by the development of white macules resulting from the selective loss of epidermal melanocytes. The pathophysiology is complex and involves genetic predisposition, environmental factors, oxidative stress, intrinsic metabolic dysfunctions, and abnormal inflammatory/immune responses. Although several therapeutic options have been proposed to stabilize the disease by stopping the depigmentation process and inducing durable repigmentation, no specific cure has yet been defined, and the long-term persistence of repigmentation is unpredictable. Recently, due to the progressive loss of functional melanocytes associated with failure to spontaneously recover pigmentation, several different cell-based and cell-free regenerative approaches have been suggested to treat vitiligo. This review gives an overview of clinical and preclinical evidence for innovative regenerative approaches for vitiligo patients.
PubMed: 36359263
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112744 -
Infection Dec 2021Cydnidae bug (also termed the burrowing bug) are arthropods of the order Hemiptera, that are recognized by their morphological adaptations for digging. They release an...
Cydnidae bug (also termed the burrowing bug) are arthropods of the order Hemiptera, that are recognized by their morphological adaptations for digging. They release an odorous substance from special glands that serve as self-defense, causing pigmented macules when in contact with human skin, especially during the rainy season. Knowledge of this rarely described condition can help avoid unnecessary investigation(s).
Topics: Animals; Heteroptera; Humans; Pigmentation
PubMed: 32654020
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01481-w -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Jul 2022Children who present with rashes with "target" lesions are frequently diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM). This is a self-limiting condition in most children; how...
QUESTION
Children who present with rashes with "target" lesions are frequently diagnosed with erythema multiforme (EM). This is a self-limiting condition in most children; how should primary care providers differentiate between this and urticaria or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and what is the recommended course of treatment?
ANSWER
While EM is common in children, urticaria is also very common and tends to be more "waxing and waning" compared with EM's fixed lesions. Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are more severe and distinct conditions; they have much more substantial mucous membrane involvement and contain widespread erythematous or purpuric macules with blisters. Since EM is a self-limiting condition, treatment of EM in children is generally supportive, and rarely do children need hospital admission for rehydration. In more severe cases involving mucous membranes or substantial pain, some patients will benefit from topical steroids or antihistamines. When children present with signs of herpes infection, antiviral treatment (acyclovir) may be of benefit. Systemic steroids should be reserved for the most challenging cases.
Topics: Child; Erythema Multiforme; Exanthema; Humans; Steroids; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; Urticaria
PubMed: 35831090
DOI: 10.46747/cfp.6807507 -
Cureus Dec 2021The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the...
The term "Mongolian Spot" rather than the preferred descriptive name congenital dermal melanocytosis (CDM) continues to be used despite compelling objections to the contrary. Terms that stigmatize a culture, region, people, country, communities, and ethnic group should be replaced by their more descriptive counterparts. Herein, we clarify terminology, discuss the historical significance, and provide a recommendation about naming this disease.
PubMed: 35036226
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.20396 -
Dermatology Online Journal Jun 2023Smokeless tobacco keratosis is a benign lesion characterized by the formation of white, gray, or pale macules or papules with wrinkling or rugae. It forms in the oral...
Smokeless tobacco keratosis is a benign lesion characterized by the formation of white, gray, or pale macules or papules with wrinkling or rugae. It forms in the oral mucosa in response to the use of smokeless tobacco products. We present a 50-year-old man with an extensive history of smokeless tobacco use and development of the characteristic lesion. Shave biopsy showed typical changes of this benign condition and tobacco cessation was recommended.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Tobacco, Smokeless; Keratosis; Biopsy; Mouth Mucosa
PubMed: 37591270
DOI: 10.5070/D329361430 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jul 2023Zoon's balanitis is a rare genital dermatosis of unknown etiology, usually presenting as a red-orange macule or plaque with a «cayenne pepper» appearance on the glans...
Zoon's balanitis is a rare genital dermatosis of unknown etiology, usually presenting as a red-orange macule or plaque with a «cayenne pepper» appearance on the glans and/or foreskin. Unfortunately, atypical presentations are not uncommon, including vegetating or ulcerative lesions. Usually, it affects middle-age to older uncircumcised men. Although it is a benign pathology, Zoon's balanitis may be superimposed on another inflammatory or neoplastic dermatosis. As topical treatments are generally non satisfactory and relapses are usual on treatment with-drawal, circumcision remains an interesting option with usually a rapid and complete remission of the symptoms.
Topics: Male; Middle Aged; Humans; Balanitis; Circumcision, Male; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 37560959
DOI: No ID Found