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Advances in Rheumatology (London,... Jan 2024Despite some knowledge gaps in scientific evidence, MgCl is largely used for pain relief in musculoskeletal diseases. Mg salts were shown to provide analgesia...
OBJECTIVE
Despite some knowledge gaps in scientific evidence, MgCl is largely used for pain relief in musculoskeletal diseases. Mg salts were shown to provide analgesia postoperatively in orthopedic surgery and low Mg levels were linked to arthritis development and severity. We determined the anti-inflammatory activity of MgCl in an acute arthritis model.
METHODS
Mice received 0.1 mg/25µL Zymosan (Zy) or saline into the knees. Joint pain was evaluated using von Frey test; cell influx, and interleukin (IL)-1 level were assessed in joint lavage at 6 h. Synovia were excised for histopathology and analysis of immunoexpression of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Groups (n = 6/group) received either 90 mg/kg MgCl/100 µL or saline per os (systemic) or 500 µg/25 µL MgCl or saline intra-articularly (i.a.) 30 min prior to Zy.
RESULTS
MgCl given either systemically or locally significantly reduced cell influx (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0269, respectively), pain (p = 0.0005 and p = 0.0038, respectively), and intra-articular IL-1 level (p = 0.0391), as compared to saline. Systemic MgCl significantly decreased NFκB (p < 0.05) immmunoexpression, as compared to saline.
CONCLUSION
MgCl given systemically or locally displayed anti-inflammatory activity in a severe acute arthritis model reducing cell influx, pain, and cytokine release. MgCl operates at least partially via inhibiting NFκB activation. This is the first in vivo demonstration that MgCl decreases cytokine release in arthritis, prompting reduction of inflammation and pain relief.
Topics: Rats; Humans; Mice; Animals; Magnesium Chloride; Rats, Wistar; Arthritis, Experimental; Cytokines; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Interleukin-1; Pain
PubMed: 38178208
DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00346-8 -
Roflumilast alleviates adenine-induced chronic kidney disease by regulating inflammatory biomarkers.European Journal of Pharmacology Jun 2023The present investigation was carried out to explore the role of roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor, as a potential treatment option for chronic kidney disease. Forty-six...
The present investigation was carried out to explore the role of roflumilast, a PDE4 inhibitor, as a potential treatment option for chronic kidney disease. Forty-six male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, Disease control (50 mg/kg Adenine p.o.), Adenine + Roflumilast (0.5, 1 and 1.5 mg/kg, p.o.). Various urinary and serum biomarkers, antioxidant status, histopathology, and protein expression of inflammatory markers were measured to investigate the effects of roflumilast on kidney functions. Adenine was found to elevate the levels of serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, and phosphorus and reduce the level of serum calcium. Further, adenine significantly increased the serum TGF-β levels and reduced the anti-oxidant indices. Significant elevation was observed in protein expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and Fibronectin. Histopathologically, adenine caused thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, inflammatory cells infiltration, atrophy, and glomeruli deterioration. However, Roflumilast administration (1 mg/kg) remarkably decrease serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, phosphorus by 61%, 40%, 44%, 41%, 49%, 58%, 59% and 42% respectively, and increase in calcium by 158%. Moreover, Roflumilast (1 mg/kg) significantly reduced serum TGF-β levels by 50% and elevated anti-oxidant indices by 257%, 112%, and 60%, respectively. The protein expression was significantly reduced by 5.5-fold, 7-fold, 5.7-fold, 6.2-fold, and 5.1-fold individually. Roflumilast noticeably improved the structure of glomeruli, tubules, and cellular functioning. The study confirmed that Roflumilast has the potential to ameliorate renal injury by reducing and regulating inflammatory responses.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Male; Rats, Wistar; Antioxidants; Uric Acid; Adenine; Calcium; Creatinine; Magnesium Chloride; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Kidney; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Biomarkers; Urea
PubMed: 37075855
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175731 -
Cells Jun 2022Several ligands have been proposed for the GPR39 receptor, including the element zinc. The relationship between GPR39 and magnesium homeostasis has not yet been...
Several ligands have been proposed for the GPR39 receptor, including the element zinc. The relationship between GPR39 and magnesium homeostasis has not yet been examined, nor has such a relationship in the context of seizures/epilepsy. We used samples from mice that were treated with an agonist of the GPR39 receptor (TC-G 1008) and underwent acute seizures (maximal electroshock (MES)- or 6-hertz-induced seizures) or a chronic, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling model of epilepsy. MES seizures and PTZ kindling, unlike 6 Hz seizures, increased serum magnesium concentration. In turn, -KO mice that underwent PTZ kindling displayed decreased concentrations of this element in serum, compared to WT mice subjected to this procedure. However, the levels of expression of TRPM7 and SlC41A1 proteins-which are responsible for magnesium transport into and out of cells, respectively-did not differ in the hippocampus between -KO and WT mice. Furthermore, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry applied to hippocampal slices did not reveal differences in magnesium levels between the groups. These data show the relationship between magnesium homeostasis and certain types of acute or chronic seizures (MES seizures or PTZ kindling, respectively), but do not explicitly support the role of GPR39 in mediating magnesium balance in the hippocampus in the latter model. However, decreased expression of TRPM7 and increased expression of SLC41A1-which were observed in the hippocampi of -KO mice treated with TC-G 1008, in comparison to WT mice that received the same treatment-implicitly support the link between GPR39 and hippocampal magnesium homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Epilepsy; Magnesium; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Pentylenetetrazole; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Seizures; TRPM Cation Channels
PubMed: 35805072
DOI: 10.3390/cells11131987 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jun 2022Chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have become one of the main causes affecting human health. Hypertension is a prominent representative of CVD.... (Review)
Review
Chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases (CVD), have become one of the main causes affecting human health. Hypertension is a prominent representative of CVD. The formation and development of hypertension is closely related to people's daily diet. A large number of studies have shown that excessive intake of salt (NaCl) could increase the risk of hypertension. In recent years, more and more investigations have focused on other cations that may be contained in edible salt, exploring whether they have an effect on hypertension and the underlying mechanism. This article focuses on the relationship between four metal elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc) and hypertension, by discussing the main metabolic pathway, the impact of diet intake on blood pressure, and especially the regulation mechanisms on blood pressure in detail. At the same time, some opinions and suggestions are put forward, combined with the current hot topics "salt reduction" and "salt substitution".
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cations; Eating; Humans; Hypertension; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sodium Chloride, Dietary
PubMed: 35650987
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110822 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021Magnesium and its alloys have become potential implant materials in the future because of light weight, mechanical properties similar to natural bone, good...
Magnesium and its alloys have become potential implant materials in the future because of light weight, mechanical properties similar to natural bone, good biocompatibility, and degradability in physiological environment. However, due to the rapid corrosion and degradation of magnesium alloys in vivo, especially in the environment containing chloride ions, the application of magnesium alloys as implant materials has been limited. Therefore, improving the corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy and ensuring good biocompatibility is the main focus of the current research. In this study, hydroxyapatite coating was prepared on magnesium alloy surface using carboxymethyl cellulose-dopamine hydrogel as inducer to improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Surface characterization techniques (scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy- and X-ray diffraction) confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of AZ31 alloy. Corrosion resistance tests have proved the protective effect of Carboxymethyl cellulose-Dopamine/hydroxyapatite (CMC-DA/HA) coating on the surface of AZ31 alloy. According to MC3T3-E1 cell viability and Live/Dead staining, the coating also showed good biocompatibility. The results will provide new ideas for the biological application of magnesium alloys.
PubMed: 33917900
DOI: 10.3390/ma14081849 -
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences... Jan 2020Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a plant-pathogenic bacterium. It is a post-harvest pathogen and causes soft rot diseases in infected plants. Different...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is a plant-pathogenic bacterium. It is a post-harvest pathogen and causes soft rot diseases in infected plants. Different virulent bacteriophages have been isolated from different regions in the world. These bacteriophages were tolerant to high concentrations of calcium chloride and magnesium chloride. Whereas, the high concentrations of zinc chloride and aluminum chloride decreased the activity and stability of phages. Therefore, the present research aimed to study the biology of P. carotovorum phage (Pc1) by using a one-step growth experiment, its stability to different concentrations of some chemicals and molecular characteristics of this phage isolate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One step growth experiment, chemical stability, and molecular characteristics by using RAPD-PCR of P. carotovorum phage (Pc1) were studied.
RESULTS
The P. carotovorum phage (Pc1) isolate was found to have a latent period of 20 min and its burst size is about 92 pfu cell-1. Calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, and copper sulphate (from 0.1-0.5 mM) increased the infectivity of Pc1 phage, while, zinc chloride in the same concentrations reduced its infectivity. RAPD-PCR amplification was indicated that the total amplified products were 32 bands with size ranged from 0.179-2.365 Kbp.
CONCLUSION
Since, zinc chloride (at concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mM) reduced infectivity of Pc1 phage isolate, therefore, any chemical compounds containing zinc must be avoided in designing biocontrol strategy by using phages against soft rot bacterium (P. carotovorum) in potatoes.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Chlorides; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Pectobacterium; Pest Control, Biological; Plant Diseases; Solanum tuberosum; Virulence; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 33274878
DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2020.1481.1486 -
The Journal of Maternal-fetal &... Nov 2022Due to a nationwide shortage of Ringer's lactate, normal saline became the intravenous fluid of choice at our institution in May 2018. Recent studies have shown that the... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Due to a nationwide shortage of Ringer's lactate, normal saline became the intravenous fluid of choice at our institution in May 2018. Recent studies have shown that the administration of normal saline in critically ill patients may have adverse renal effects.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to evaluate the renal function effects; if any, of normal saline administered to women with preeclampsia receiving magnesium sulfate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a prospective observational study of women identified with preeclampsia with severe features, requiring magnesium sulfate prophylaxis. The amount of normal saline administered was calculated and a basic metabolic panel was surveyed 12 h after initiation of magnesium sulfate prophylaxis. Laboratory analytes were examined according to the volume of intravenous normal saline received, including a comparison to those women who did not receive normal saline, to determine the impact of parameters after 12 h of magnesium sulfate prophylaxis.
RESULTS
From May 2018 to November 2018, a total of 233 patients receiving magnesium sulfate were identified, 184 of which had received intravenous normal saline. No differences were identified at 12 h in serum chloride or creatinine between those patients who received intravenous normal saline and those who did not. This finding persisted when serum chloride and creatinine were analyzed across quartiles of normal saline received. Interestingly, serum calcium was found to decrease with increasing serum magnesium ( < .001). This association was also dependent upon the amount of intravenous fluids received ( < .001) when controlling for serum magnesium.
CONCLUSION
Renal function indices were preserved despite the introduction of normal saline with oxytocin into routine practice. No dose-response relationship was identified when serum chloride and creatinine were analyzed across quartiles of normal saline received. Interestingly, serum calcium levels were noted to decline with both the amount of intravenous fluid received as well as with increasing serum magnesium levels.
Topics: Calcium; Chlorides; Creatinine; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Kidney; Magnesium; Magnesium Sulfate; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Saline Solution
PubMed: 33207971
DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1847071 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Dec 2022The study's goal was to determine the impacts of drinking saline water on the biochemical parameters of Murrah buffalo.
OBJECTIVES
The study's goal was to determine the impacts of drinking saline water on the biochemical parameters of Murrah buffalo.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty Murrah buffalo of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 months to 11 years, were randomly selected. 10 ml of blood samples were collected from each buffalo and processed to separate serums. The supplied drinking water and feed samples were also collected. Blood parameters-glucose, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, uric acid, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and chloride-were analyzed. Different clinical manifestations of selected buffalo were also recorded.
RESULTS
The buffaloes with skin lesions had higher serum concentrations of AST, creatinine, zinc, sodium, and chloride compared to another group. Significant age effects were found for serum concentrations of glucose ( < 0.05), creatinine ( < 0.01), uric acid ( < 0.001), phosphorus ( < 0.05), and potassium ( < 0.05). No significant age and gender effects were found for AST, ALT, urea, magnesium, calcium, zinc, sodium, and chloride. The serum concentration of creatinine was higher in female buffaloes, whereas the uric acid concentration was lower in female buffaloes compared to males.
CONCLUSION
The blood parameters that were measured and remained within reference ranges show that Murrah buffaloes can adapt to saline water with little to no impairment to their liver and renal functions. The differences in the ages and sexes of the animals within the study groups highlight that mature female buffaloes suffer more from skin disorders and attempt to adjust to exotic conditions by changing the functioning of their liver and kidney.
PubMed: 36714502
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i643 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Nov 2022To investigate the effect of a novel mineral containing toothpaste in comparison to a fluoride toothpaste in children with white spot lesions. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of a novel mineral containing toothpaste in comparison to a fluoride toothpaste in children with white spot lesions.
METHODS
The clinical study was conducted from 2016 to 2018 at Marmara University Department of Pediatric Dentistry Clinic after approval from the ethics review committee of Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey and comprised children of either gender aged 4-5 years having white spot lesions. They were randomly allocated into two groups. The FT (Fluoridated Toothpaste) group was given a 500ppm fluoridated toothpaste, while the Mineral Containing Toothpaste (MCT) group was given toothpaste containing calcium glycerophosphate, magnesium chloride, and 12% xylitol. The white spot lesions were examined using Laser Fluorescence (LF) at baseline and after a month of usage. The two readings were compared. Stimulated saliva was collected for measuring the salivary potential of hydrogen, buffering capacity, and streptococcus mutans. Data was analysed using SPSS 19.
RESULTS
Of the 26 children, 10(38%) were girls and 16(62%) were boys. The overall mean age was 4.77±0.54 years. There were 13(50%) subjects in each of the two groups. Of the 381 measurements done, 198(52%) were in the MCT group and 183(48%) in the FT group. LF scores decreased in both the groups (p=0.001). The remineralising potential was not significantly different (p=0.866), while salivary buffering capacity and potential of hydrogen increased in both the groups but the change was not significant (p>0.05). The number of children positive for streptococcus mutans decreased in both the groups (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The toothpaste containing calcium glycerophosphate, magnesium chloride and 12% xylitol had the remineralization properties needed for the prevention of gwhite spot lesions in children.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Glycerophosphates; Magnesium Chloride; Minerals; Streptococcus mutans; Toothpastes; Xylitol
PubMed: 37013280
DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.2409 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2023Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) exhibits inferior mechanical and durability properties owing to the deterioration of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) surface...
Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) exhibits inferior mechanical and durability properties owing to the deterioration of the recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) surface quality. To improve the surface properties of RCA, the reinforcement efficiency of RAC, and the maneuverability of the surface treatment method, this study used magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), a clinker-free low-carbon cement with excellent bonding properties, to precoat RCA under three-day pre-conditioning. Moreover, variable amounts of fly ash (FA) or granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) were utilized to partly substitute MPC to enhance the compressive strength and chloride ion penetration resistance. Subsequently, FA-MPC and GBFS-MPC hybrid slurries with the best comprehensive performance were selected to coat the RCA for optimal reinforcement. The crushing value and water absorption of RCA, as well as the mechanical strengths and durability of RAC, were investigated, and microstructures around interfaces were studied via BSE-EDS and microhardness analysis to reveal the strengthening mechanism. The results indicated that the comprehensive property of strengthening paste was enhanced significantly through substituting MPC with 10% FA or GBFS. Surface coating resulted in a maximum reduction of 8.15% in the crushing value, while the water absorption barely changed. In addition, modified RAC outperformed untreated RAC regarding compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and chloride ion penetration resistance with maximum optimization efficiencies of 31.58%, 49.75%, and 43.11%, respectively. It was also evidenced that the improved MPC paste properties enhanced the performance of modified RAC. Microanalysis revealed that MPC pastes exhibited an excellent bond with RCA or new mortar, and the newly formed interfacial transition zone between MPC and the fresh mortar exhibited a dense microstructure and outstanding micro-mechanical properties supported with an increase in the average microhardness value of 30.2-33.4%. Therefore, MPC pastes incorporating an appropriate mineral admixture have enormous potential to be utilized as effective RCA surface treatment materials and improve the operability of RCA application in practice.
PubMed: 38203976
DOI: 10.3390/ma17010122