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Membranes Aug 2021Poland still relies largely on coal for energy generation, which creates environmental problems connected to the mining process, particularly the issue of saline waste... (Review)
Review
Poland still relies largely on coal for energy generation, which creates environmental problems connected to the mining process, particularly the issue of saline waste water discharge. Membrane-based zero liquid discharge systems can be employed to recover important resources from coal mine waste waters, such as demineralized water, salt, magnesium hydroxide, and gypsum. In this paper, we present a historical overview of proposed membrane-based solutions for the Polish coal mining industry and discuss possible further areas of research.
PubMed: 34436401
DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080638 -
Pathogens and Disease Feb 2021We compared the effects of two antacid formulations based on sodium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide on a Salmonella-delivered oral Brucella live attenuated vaccine.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Comparative study of sodium bicarbonate- and magnesium hydroxide-based gastric antacids for the effectiveness of Salmonella delivered Brucella antigens against wild type challenge in BALB/c mice.
We compared the effects of two antacid formulations based on sodium bicarbonate and magnesium hydroxide on a Salmonella-delivered oral Brucella live attenuated vaccine. We conducted a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments to investigate the pH buffering capacity, buffering longevity and the effects of these formulations on the survival of Salmonella under neutralized pH conditions and its impact on immune responses. Magnesium hydroxide had a greater, stable and prolonged buffering capacity than sodium bicarbonate and was safer when administered orally. Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate resulted in discomfort as reflected by mouse behavior and mild muscle tremors, whereas mice treated with magnesium hydroxide and PBS were completely normal. Gastric survival studies using BALB/c mice revealed that a higher number of Salmonella reached the intestine when the magnesium hydroxide-based antacid buffer was administrated. Co-administration with attenuated Salmonella secreting Brucella antigens, SodC and Omp19 along with individual antacid formulations, significantly enhanced the antigen-specific protective immune responses against virulent Brucella challenge. Together, our results indicated that the pre vaccinated oral administration of bicarbonate-citric acid or magnesium hydroxide-based neutralizing buffers significantly counteract stomach acidity by maintaining the viability of an oral enteric vaccine formulation.
Topics: Animals; Antacids; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Brucella Vaccine; Brucella abortus; Brucellosis; Buffers; Drug Compounding; Female; Gastric Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immunity; Magnesium Hydroxide; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Models, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Sodium Bicarbonate; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Vaccines, Attenuated
PubMed: 33527985
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftab002 -
Journal of Nephrology Dec 2021
Topics: Aluminum Hydroxide; Antacids; Humans; Hypophosphatemia; Magnesium
PubMed: 33502727
DOI: 10.1007/s40620-020-00963-2 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2023Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is a novel oral carbapenem prodrug being developed for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. This open-label,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Effect of an Antacid (Aluminum Hydroxide/Magnesium Hydroxide/Simethicone) or a Proton Pump Inhibitor (Omeprazole) on the Pharmacokinetics of Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) in Healthy Adult Subjects.
Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (TBP-PI-HBr) is a novel oral carbapenem prodrug being developed for the treatment of serious bacterial infections. This open-label, 3-period, fixed sequence study evaluated the effect of gastric acid-reducing agents, aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone, and omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of tebipenem (TBP), the active moiety, following coadministration with immediate release TBP-PI-HBr during fasting. In Period 1, subjects received a single oral dose of TBP-PI-HBr 600 mg (2 × 300 mg tablets). In Period 2, subjects received a single oral dose of aluminum hydroxide 800 mg/magnesium hydroxide 800 mg/simethicone 80 mg suspension co-administered with a single dose of TBP-PI-HBr 600 mg. In Period 3, subjects received a single oral dose of omeprazole 40 mg once daily over 5 days, followed by single dose administration of TBP-PI-HBr 600 mg on day 5. In each period, whole blood samples were obtained prior to, and up to 24 h, following TBP-PI-HBr dose administration in order to characterize TBP PK. A 7-day washout was required between periods. Twenty subjects were enrolled and completed the study. Following co-administration of TBP-PI-HBr with either aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone or omeprazole, total TBP exposure (area under the curve [AUC]) was approximately 11% (geometric mean ratio 89.2, 90% confidence interval: 83,2, 95.7) lower, and Cmax was 22% (geometric mean ratio 78.4, 90% confidence interval: 67.9, 90.6) and 43% (geometric mean ratio 56.9, 90% confidence interval: 49.2, 65.8) lower, respectively, compared to administration of TBP-PI-HBr alone. Mean TBP elimination half-life (t) was generally comparable across treatments (range: 1.0 to 1.5 h). Concomitant administration of TBP-PI-HBr with omeprazole or aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide/simethicone is not expected to impact the efficacy of TBP-PI-HBr, as there is minimal impact on TBP plasma AUC, which is the pharmacodynamic driver of efficacy. Co-administration was generally safe and well tolerated.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Administration, Oral; Aluminum Hydroxide; Antacids; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Interactions; Magnesium Hydroxide; Omeprazole; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Simethicone
PubMed: 36943038
DOI: 10.1128/aac.01495-22 -
Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles are widely used in medicinal and hygiene products because of their low toxicity, environment-friendliness, and low cost. Here, we...
Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles are widely used in medicinal and hygiene products because of their low toxicity, environment-friendliness, and low cost. Here, we studied the effects of three different sizes of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles on antibacterial activity: NM80, NM300, and NM700. NM80 (D = 75.2 nm) showed a higher bactericidal effect against than larger nanoparticles (D = 328 nm (NM300) or 726 nm (NM700)). Moreover, NM80 showed a high bactericidal effect against not only exponential cells but also persister cells, which are difficult to eliminate owing to their high tolerance to antibiotics. NM80 eliminated strains in which magnesium-transport genes were knocked out and exhibited a bactericidal effect similar to that observed in the wild-type strain. The bactericidal action involved physical cell damage, as confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, which showed that cells treated with NM80 were directly injured.
PubMed: 34208716
DOI: 10.3390/nano11061584 -
Biomaterials Research Dec 2022Coronary artery disease is a cardiovascular disease with a high mortality and mortality rate in modern society. Vascular stent insertion to restore blood flow is...
BACKGROUND
Coronary artery disease is a cardiovascular disease with a high mortality and mortality rate in modern society. Vascular stent insertion to restore blood flow is essential to treat this disease. A fully biodegradable vascular scaffold (BVS) is a vascular poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) stent that is receiving growing interest as this is biodegradable in the body and does not require secondary removal surgery. However, acidic byproducts composed of PLLA produced during the biodegradation of the BVS can induce an inflammatory response. Magnesium hydroxide, a basic inorganic particle, neutralizes the acidic byproducts of PLLA. METHODS: In this study, we investigated using a BVS coated with everolimus and surface-modified magnesium hydroxide that suppresses smooth muscle cell proliferation and protects endothelial cells, respectively. The various characteristics of the functional stent were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo analyses. RESULTS: The BVS was successfully prepared with evenly coated everolimus and surface-modified magnesium hydroxide. A neutral pH value was maintained by magnesium hydroxide during degradation, and everolimus was released for one month. The coated BVS effectively inhibited protein adsorption and platelet adhesion, demonstrating excellent blood compatibility. In vitro analysis showed that BVS protects endothelial cells with magnesium hydroxide and selectively inhibits smooth muscle cell proliferation via everolimus treatment. The functional BVS was inserted into porcine coronary arteries for 28 days, and the results demonstrated that the restenosis and inflammation greatly decreased and re-endothelialization was enhanced as compared to others.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides new insights into the design of drug-incorporated BVS stent for coronary artery disease.
PubMed: 36544178
DOI: 10.1186/s40824-022-00334-x -
Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Dec 2023We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of lactulose with probiotic strains to ameliorate constipation and to identify suitable probiotic strains. Constipation was induced...
We evaluated the efficacy of mixtures of lactulose with probiotic strains to ameliorate constipation and to identify suitable probiotic strains. Constipation was induced in Institute of Cancer Research mice (6-week-old, male) by the administering loperamide (5 mg/kg, twice a day) orally for 5 days, whereas the control group was not treated. To evaluate the laxative effects of the lactulose-probiotic and lactulose-magnesium hydroxide mixtures, fecal parameters, the gastrointestinal (GI) transit ratio, and fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were analyzed. The administration of lactulose and or significantly improved stool number and water content, which were reduced by loperamide. The GI transit ratio was significantly increased compared with that of the control group. The combined administration of lactulose and probiotics ( or ) increased total SCFA content, including that of acetate, more effectively compared with lactulose alone. Similarly, coadministration of lactulose and magnesium hydroxide improved the loperamide-induced changes in fecal parameters and GI transit as well as increased total SCFA content. Overall, the combination of lactulose and probiotics relieves the symptoms of constipation by increasing SCFA content and is more effective compared with lactulose alone.
PubMed: 38188082
DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2023.28.4.427 -
FEBS Letters Sep 2020Life as we know it would not exist without water. However, water molecules not only serve as a solvent and reactant but can also promote hydrolysis, which counteracts... (Review)
Review
Life as we know it would not exist without water. However, water molecules not only serve as a solvent and reactant but can also promote hydrolysis, which counteracts the formation of essential organic molecules. This conundrum constitutes one of the central issues in origin of life. Hydrolysis is an important part of energy metabolism for all living organisms but only because, inside cells, it is a controlled reaction. How could hydrolysis have been regulated under prebiotic settings? Lower water activities possibly provide an answer: geochemical sites with less free and more bound water can supply the necessary conditions for protometabolic reactions. Such conditions occur in serpentinising systems, hydrothermal sites that synthesise hydrogen gas via rock-water interactions. Here, we summarise the parallels between biotic and abiotic means of controlling hydrolysis in order to narrow the gap between biochemical and geochemical reactions and briefly outline how hydrolysis could even have played a constructive role at the origin of molecular self-organisation.
Topics: Catalysis; Ferrosoferric Oxide; Geologic Sediments; Hydrogen; Hydrolysis; Hydrothermal Vents; Magnesium Hydroxide; Models, Chemical; Origin of Life; Seawater; Silicon Compounds; Water
PubMed: 32416624
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13815 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023The development of high-performance insulation materials that facilitate the reduction in building energy consumption is of paramount significance. In this study,...
The development of high-performance insulation materials that facilitate the reduction in building energy consumption is of paramount significance. In this study, magnesium-aluminum-layered hydroxide (LDH) was prepared by the classical hydrothermal reaction. By implementing methyl trimethoxy siloxane (MTS), two different MTS-functionalized LDHs were prepared via a one-step in situ hydrothermal synthesis method and a two-step method. Furthermore, using techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, particle size analysis, and scanning electron microscopy, we evaluated and analyzed the composition, structure, and morphology of the various LDH samples. These LDHs were then employed as inorganic fillers in waterborne coatings, and their thermal-insulation capabilities were tested and compared. It was found that MTS-modified LDH via a one-step in situ hydrothermal synthesis method (M-LDH-2) exhibited the best thermal insulating properties by displaying a thermal-insulation-temperature difference (ΔT) of 25 °C compared with the blank panel. In contrast, the panels coated with unmodified LDH and the MTS-modified LDH via the two-step method exhibited thermal-insulation-temperature difference values of 13.5 °C and 9.5 °C, respectively. Our investigation involved a comprehensive characterization of LDH materials and coating films, unveiling the underlying mechanism of thermal insulation and establishing the correlation between LDH structure and the corresponding insulation performance of the coating. Our findings reveal that the particle size and distribution of LDHs are critical factors in dictating their thermal-insulation capabilities in the coatings. Specifically, we observed that the MTS-modified LDH, prepared via a one-step in situ hydrothermal approach, possessed a larger particle size and wider particle size distribution, resulting in superior thermal-insulation effectiveness. In contrast, the MTS-modified LDH via the two-step method exhibited a smaller particle size and narrow particle size distribution, causing a moderate thermal-insulation effect. This study has significant implications for opening up the potential for LDH-based thermal-insulation coatings. We believe the findings can promote the development of new products and help upgrade industries, while contributing to local economic growth.
PubMed: 37374647
DOI: 10.3390/ma16124464 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2021Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) is hailed as a cheap and biocompatible material with antimicrobial potential; however, research aimed at instilling additional properties...
Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)) is hailed as a cheap and biocompatible material with antimicrobial potential; however, research aimed at instilling additional properties and functionality to this material is scarce. In this work, we synthesized novel, fluorescent magnesium hydroxide nanosheets (Mg(OH)-NS) with a morphology that closely resembles that of graphene oxide. These multifunctional nanosheets were employed as a potent antimicrobial agent against several medically relevant bacterial and fungal species, particularly on solid surfaces. Their strong fluorescence signature correlates to their hydroxide makeup and can therefore be used to assess their degradation and functional antimicrobial capacity. Furthermore, their pH-responsive change in fluorescence can potentially act as a pH probe for wound acidification, which is characteristic of healthy wound healing. These fluorescent antimicrobial nanosheets were stably integrated into biocompatible electrospun fibers and agarose gels to add functionality to the material. This reinforces the suitability of the material to be used as antimicrobial bandages and gels. The biocompatibility of the Mg(OH)-NS for topical medical applications was supported by its noncytotoxic action on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Bandages; Candida; Candida albicans; Escherichia coli; Fluorescence; HaCaT Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium Hydroxide; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nanostructures
PubMed: 34105937
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05908