-
Nutrients Jul 2020Functional constipation (FC) is a chronic constipation for which no physiological, anatomical or iatrogenic origin can be evidenced. This condition has a high impact on... (Review)
Review
Functional constipation (FC) is a chronic constipation for which no physiological, anatomical or iatrogenic origin can be evidenced. This condition has a high impact on a patient's quality of life and healthcare costs. Since FC is frequently associated with low physical activity and a diet low in fiber and/or water, first-line recommendations focus on sufficient activity, and sufficient fiber and water intake. In case of inefficacy of these measures, numerous drug treatments are available, either over the counter or on prescription. Magnesium sulfate has a long history in the treatment of FC, and magnesium sulfate-rich mineral waters have been used for centuries for their laxative properties. The laxative effect of magnesium and sulfate has since been widely demonstrated. Nevertheless, it appears that no clinical studies aiming at demonstrating their efficacy in FC had been conducted before the 21st century. In this paper, we reviewed the clinical data reporting the efficacy of magnesium sulfate-rich natural mineral waters. In view of their reported efficacy and safety, magnesium sulfate-rich natural mineral waters may represent a natural treatment for FC.
Topics: Constipation; Defecation; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Laxatives; Magnesium Oxide; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Mineral Waters; Probiotics; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32664341
DOI: 10.3390/nu12072052 -
Paediatric Anaesthesia Apr 2022
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Sulfate
PubMed: 35343036
DOI: 10.1111/pan.14405 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Jun 2021We aimed to analyze the linear changes of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) levels in...
PURPOSE
We aimed to analyze the linear changes of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) and Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) levels in pregnant women who administrated magnesium sulfate for fetal neuroprotection.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 63 pregnant women who underwent neuroprotective magnesium sulfate administration during January 2015 and July 2020. Women with co-existing diseases or obstetric complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, suspicion of chorioamnionitis etc. excluded. The laboratory test results were obtained for each participant. Three results were compared; (1) Before magnesium sulfate-0th hour, (2) 6 h and (3) 12 h after starting loading dose.
RESULTS
The mean NLR was 7.18 ± 5.14 in patients before treatment. The mean NLR increased to 10.09 ± 4.77 and 10.04 ± 4.35 at 6th and 12th hour of magnesium sulfate treatment. The mean PLR was also increased after starting neuroprotective magnesium sulfate (170.35 ± 89.09 at the beginning; 209.85 ± 88.77 at 6th hour and 209.24 ± 76.66 at 12th hour). The mean SII was found to be increased from 1783.33 ± 1367.29 to 2517.15 ± 1325.77 with magnesium sulfate treatment. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in terms of SII between 6 and 12th hours of treatment (p = 0.752). Maternal serum magnesium levels at 6th and 12th hour were found to be not correlated with NLR, PLR and SII.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that values of NLR, PLR and SII at 6th hour were all increased after starting magnesium sulfate. Levels of these systemic inflammatory indices were similar at 6th and 12th hour of therapy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Lymphocyte Count; Lymphocytes; Magnesium Sulfate; Neuroprotection; Neutrophils; Platelet Count; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33222038
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05866-y -
Stroke Jan 2021
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen; Magnesium; Magnesium Sulfate; Neuroprotection; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
PubMed: 33349015
DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033117 -
Nefrologia 2021The study aimed to investigate the role of magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in nephrotoxicity caused by colistin. Thirty Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups:...
The study aimed to investigate the role of magnesium sulfate prophylaxis in nephrotoxicity caused by colistin. Thirty Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups: control, colistin, magnesium (Mg), and Mg+colistin. The drugs were administered to the groups for seven days. Urea-creatinine values were measured at the beginning (T0) and end (T1) of the study. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in plasma and kidney tissue, glutathione (GSH) levels were analyzed in the erythrocyte and kidney tissues. At the end of the study, the semiquantitative score (SQS) was calculated by the histopathological examination of the kidneys. Urea values significantly decreased in Mg and Mg+colistin groups compared to the baseline (p=0.013 and p=0.001). At the time of T1, these groups had significantly lower urea values than the colistin and control groups. Creatinine value was significantly increased in the colistin group compared to baseline (p=0.005), the creatinine value in the colistin group was significantly higher than the Mg+colistin group (p=0.011). Plasma MDA levels were significantly higher in the colistin group compared to the other groups at the time of T1 (p<0.001). The Mg+colistin group had lower renal MDA levels than the colistin group. The colistin group had significantly higher renal tubular grade (p=0.035), renal affected area (p<0.001), and SQS (p=0.001) than the Mg+colistin group. The results of the study suggested that Mg sulfate may have a nephrotoxicity-reducing effect on colistin.
Topics: Animals; Colistin; Creatinine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Sulfate; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Insufficiency; Urea
PubMed: 36165156
DOI: 10.1016/j.nefroe.2022.01.005 -
Clinics in Perinatology Sep 2020Normal pregnancy is a complex and dynamic process that requires significant adaptation from the maternal system. Failure of this adaptive process in pregnancy... (Review)
Review
Normal pregnancy is a complex and dynamic process that requires significant adaptation from the maternal system. Failure of this adaptive process in pregnancy contributes to many pregnancy related disorders, including the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This article discusses placental development and how abnormalities in the process of vascular remodeling contribute to the multisystem maternal and fetal disease that is preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction. We review some of the consequences of this condition on the mother and fetus, aspects of the clinical management of preeclampsia and how it can influence both mother and infant in the postnatal period and beyond.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antihypertensive Agents; Aspirin; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Hemodynamics; Humans; Labetalol; Magnesium Sulfate; Nifedipine; Placentation; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 32713456
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2020.05.014 -
BMC Anesthesiology Dec 2023Laparoscopic radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a high incidence of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Studies on the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of magnesium sulfate perioperative infusion on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in male patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer: a prospective, randomized and controlled study.
BACKGROUND
Laparoscopic radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a high incidence of postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort (CRBD). Studies on the benefits of magnesium sulfate intravenous infusion during the perioperative period post-laparoscopic surgery are yet lacking.
METHODS
A total of 88 gastrointestinal cancer male patients scheduled for laparoscopic radical resection were randomly divided into two groups: normal saline (control) and magnesium. In the magnesium group, a 40 mg/kg loading dose of intravenous magnesium sulfate was administered for 10 min just after the induction of anesthesia, followed by continuous intravenous infusion of 15 mg/kg/h magnesium sulfate until the end of the surgery; the control group was administered the same dose of normal saline. Subsequently, 2 μg/kg sufentanil was continuously infused intravenously by a postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) device. The primary outcome was the incidence of CRBD at 0 h after the surgery. The secondary outcomes included incidence of CRBD at 1, 2, and 6 h postsurgery, the severity of CRBD at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h postsurgery. Remifentanil requirement during surgery, sufentanil requirement within 24 h postsurgery, the postoperative numerical rating scale (NRS) score at 48 h after the surgery, magnesium-related side effects and rescue medication (morphine) requirement were also assessed.
RESULTS
The incidence of CRBD at 0, 1, 2, and 6 h postoperatively was lower in the magnesium group than the control group (0 h: P = 0.01; 1 h: P = 0.003; 2 h: P = 0.001; 6 h: P = 0.006). The incidence of moderate to severe CRBD was higher in the control group at postoperative 0 and 1 h (0 h: P = 0.002; 1 h: P = 0.028), remifentanil requirement during surgery were significantly lower in the magnesium group than the control group. Sufentanil requirements during the 24 h postoperative period were significantly lower in the magnesium group than the control group. The NRS score was reduced in the magnesium group compared to the control group in the early postoperative period. Magnesium-related side effects and rescue medication (morphine) did not differ significantly between the two groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Intravenous magnesium sulfate administration reduces the incidence and severity of CRBD and remifentanil requirement in male patients undergoing radical resection of gastrointestinal cancer. Also, no significant side effects were observed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2100053073. The study was registered on 10/11/2021.
Topics: Humans; Male; Magnesium Sulfate; Urinary Bladder; Sufentanil; Magnesium; Remifentanil; Prospective Studies; Saline Solution; Pain, Postoperative; Urinary Catheters; Postoperative Period; Double-Blind Method; Laparoscopy; Morphine Derivatives; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38042781
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-023-02346-z -
The American Journal of Emergency... Aug 2021Renal colic emerging from renal stone is virtually the most severe pain which is experienced. Intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate is known as a usual treatment for... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Renal colic emerging from renal stone is virtually the most severe pain which is experienced. Intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate is known as a usual treatment for the disease. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of magnesium sulfate vs morphine sulfate in renal colic relief as for analgesic effect as well as lack of morphine sulfate side effects when using magnesium sulfate.
METHODS
We conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial in renal colic patients who had referred to the emergency department of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital in Yazd, Iran. A total of 80 eligible patients were selected and randomly assigned into two groups; patients in the case group received 50 mg/kg intravenous magnesium sulfate, and those in the control group 0.1 mg/kg intravenous morphine. The primary outcome was the pain score measured on a numerical rating scale at 0, 10 and 20 minutes after infusion. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
RESULTS
The two groups were similar in terms of demographic features and pain intensity at the time of referral (P <.0001). Ten minutes after drug administration, the pain mean score in the morphine group leveled at 4.88, and in the magnesium group 5.70, which proved to be greater in the morphine group (P- = 0.06). However, the pain mean score turned out to be 3.65 in the morphine group and 3.20 in the magnesium group thus significantly indifferent (P = .48).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we concluded that administration of intravenous 50 mg/kg magnesium sulfate could be as effective as morphine in reducing renal colic without any further complications.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Iran; Magnesium Sulfate; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Renal Colic
PubMed: 33071088
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.035 -
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia Jun 2022Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in pediatric patients after general anesthesia. The effectiveness of magnesium sulfate in decreasing the incidence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
STUDY OBJECTIVE
Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in pediatric patients after general anesthesia. The effectiveness of magnesium sulfate in decreasing the incidence of EA in children remains controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of magnesium sulfate in preventing EA in pediatric patients following general anesthesia.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
SETTING
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials from their respective database inception dates to June 30, 2021.
PATIENTS
Pediatric patients (< 18 years old) undergoing general anesthesia.
INTERVENTIONS
Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate.
MEASUREMENTS
The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was EA incidence. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was applied to assess the level of certainty.
MAIN RESULTS
Eight studies with 635 participants were identified. The forest plot revealed no significant difference in the incidence of EA between patients treated with magnesium sulfate and the control group (risk ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [0.44, 1.07]; P = 0.10, I = 74%, moderate level of certainty). Additionally, magnesium sulfate did not reduce postoperative pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scores but prolonged the emergence time. No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications (nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm, breath-holding, coughing, oxygen desaturation, and cardiac arrhythmias).
CONCLUSIONS
Administration of magnesium sulfate during general anesthesia did not affect the occurrence of EA in pediatric patients. However, magnesium sulfate can prolong the emergence time without adverse effects. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021252924.
Topics: Adolescent; Anesthesia, General; Child; Emergence Delirium; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Nausea; Vomiting
PubMed: 35151145
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110669 -
JAMA Network Open May 2024Understanding the effect of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment on functional connectivity will help elucidate the mechanism by which it reduces the risk of... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
IMPORTANCE
Understanding the effect of antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) treatment on functional connectivity will help elucidate the mechanism by which it reduces the risk of cerebral palsy and death.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether MgSO4 administered to women at risk of imminent preterm birth at a gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks is associated with increased functional connectivity and measures of functional segregation and integration in infants at term-equivalent age, possibly reflecting a protective mechanism of MgSO4.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This cohort study was nested within a randomized placebo-controlled trial performed across 24 tertiary maternity hospitals. Participants included infants born to women at risk of imminent preterm birth at a gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks who participated in the MAGENTA (Magnesium Sulphate at 30 to 34 Weeks' Gestational Age) trial and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age. Ineligibility criteria included illness precluding MRI, congenital or genetic disorders likely to affect brain structure, and living more than 1 hour from the MRI center. One hundred and fourteen of 159 eligible infants were excluded due to incomplete or motion-corrupted MRI. Recruitment occurred between October 22, 2014, and October 25, 2017. Participants were followed up to 2 years of age. Analysis was performed from February 1, 2021, to February 27, 2024. Observers were blind to patient groupings during data collection and processing.
EXPOSURES
Women received 4 g of MgSO4 or isotonic sodium chloride solution given intravenously over 30 minutes.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Prior to data collection, it was hypothesized that infants who were exposed to MgSO4 would show enhanced functional connectivity compared with infants who were not exposed.
RESULTS
A total of 45 infants were included in the analysis: 24 receiving MgSO4 treatment and 21 receiving placebo; 23 (51.1%) were female and 22 (48.9%) were male; and the median gestational age at scan was 40.0 (IQR, 39.1-41.1) weeks. Treatment with MgSO4 was associated with greater voxelwise functional connectivity in the temporal and occipital lobes and deep gray matter structures and with significantly greater clustering coefficients (Hedge g, 0.47 [95% CI, -0.13 to 1.07]), transitivity (Hedge g, 0.51 [95% CI, -0.10 to 1.11]), local efficiency (Hedge g, 0.40 [95% CI, -0.20 to 0.99]), and global efficiency (Hedge g, 0.31 [95% CI, -0.29 to 0.90]), representing enhanced functional segregation and integration.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this cohort study, infants exposed to MgSO4 had greater voxelwise functional connectivity and functional segregation, consistent with increased brain maturation. Enhanced functional connectivity is a possible mechanism by which MgSO4 protects against cerebral palsy and death.
Topics: Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Female; Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Adult; Gestational Age; Cohort Studies; Premature Birth; Infant; Brain; Prenatal Care; Cerebral Palsy
PubMed: 38805222
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.13508