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The Veterinary Clinics of North... May 2024Clinical care of osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs has seen little change during the past 2 decades, relying on amputation and platinum-based chemotherapy for pain control and... (Review)
Review
Clinical care of osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs has seen little change during the past 2 decades, relying on amputation and platinum-based chemotherapy for pain control and survival. Recent advancements offer hope for improved outcomes. Genomic research reveals shared genetic abnormalities between canine and human OSA. Multidimensional imaging provides valuable staging and prognostic information. Limb-sparing approaches including stereotactic body radiation therapy are routine. Ablative therapies such as microwave ablation and histotripsy show promise. Immunotherapy including cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibition are available. Radiopharmaceuticals are tuned to target OSA cells directly. These innovations may enhance treatment and prognosis for dogs with OSA.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Dogs; Bone Neoplasms; Dog Diseases; Prognosis; Radiosurgery; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 38158305
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.007 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2020Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure.... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. Due to micrometastatic spread, radical surgery alone rarely results in cure. Introduction of combination chemotherapy in the 1970s, however, dramatically increased overall survival rates from 20% to approximately 70%. Unfortunately, large clinical trials aiming to intensify treatment in the past decades have failed to achieve higher cure rates. In this review, we revisit how the heterogenous nature of osteosarcoma as well as acquired and intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy can account for stagnation in therapy improvement. We summarise current osteosarcoma treatment strategies focusing on molecular determinants of treatment susceptibility and resistance. Understanding therapy susceptibility and resistance provides a basis for rational therapy betterment for both identifying patients that might be cured with less toxic interventions and targeting resistance mechanisms to sensitise resistant osteosarcoma to conventional therapies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32961800
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186885 -
Radiologic Clinics of North America Mar 2022Mimics of primary and secondary bone tumors may result from a variety of processes. These can range from normal variants or developmental lesions that require no further... (Review)
Review
Mimics of primary and secondary bone tumors may result from a variety of processes. These can range from normal variants or developmental lesions that require no further work-up, to findings that require more urgent management, or may be indicative of a more serious systemic disease that necessitates further evaluation and treatment. It is important to be familiar with the spectrum of bone tumor mimics to avoid unnecessary tests, minimize patient morbidity, and reduce patient anxiety. This article discusses numerous nonneoplastic bone tumor mimickers, including their characteristic multimodality imaging features, differential diagnosis, and important aspects with which radiologists should be familiar.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 35236591
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2021.11.004 -
Pediatric Clinics of North America Feb 2020Pediatric musculoskeletal tumors can arise in both bone and soft tissues. The overwhelming majority of these are benign; however, rarely, malignant neoplasms do occur.... (Review)
Review
Pediatric musculoskeletal tumors can arise in both bone and soft tissues. The overwhelming majority of these are benign; however, rarely, malignant neoplasms do occur. These are collectively termed sarcomas, indicating their mesenchymal origin. Sarcoma management requires careful adherence to the well-described tenets of tumor management. This article summarizes the basic principles and recent advances in the management of soft tissue and bone tumors.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Child; Humans; Sarcoma; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 31779834
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2019.09.014 -
Current Osteoporosis Reports Oct 2021For solid tumours such as breast and prostate cancer, and haematological malignancies such as myeloma, bone represents a supportive home, where the cellular crosstalk is... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
For solid tumours such as breast and prostate cancer, and haematological malignancies such as myeloma, bone represents a supportive home, where the cellular crosstalk is known to underlie both tumour growth and survival, and the development of the associated bone disease. The importance of metabolic reprogramming is becoming increasingly recognised, particularly within cancer biology, enabling tumours to adapt to changing environments and pressures. This review will discuss our current understanding of metabolic requirements and adaptations within the tumour-bone microenvironment.
RECENT FINDINGS
The bone provides a unique metabolic microenvironment, home to highly energy-intensive processes such as bone resorption and bone formation, both of which are dysregulated in the presence of cancer. Approaches such as metabolomics demonstrate metabolic plasticity in patients with advanced disease. Metabolic crosstalk between tumour cells and surrounding stroma supports disease pathogenesis. There is increasing evidence for a key role for metabolic reprogramming within the tumour-bone microenvironment to drive disease progression. As such, understanding these metabolic adaptations should reveal new therapeutic targets and approaches.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Glycolysis; Humans; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34319488
DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00695-7 -
The British Journal of Radiology Feb 2023Benign bone lesions may occasionally be incidentally detected on radiographs and are also increasingly found on CT or MRI performed for other clinical indications.... (Review)
Review
Benign bone lesions may occasionally be incidentally detected on radiographs and are also increasingly found on CT or MRI performed for other clinical indications. Although mostly asymptomatic or associated with minor symptoms, these lesions may simulate true pathological lesions, causing problems in diagnosis. For instance, asymptomatic benign bone lesions can be misinterpreted as metastasis when incidentally encountered in a patient with known cancer. Recognising these entities as "do-not-touch" lesions helps avoid unnecessary further investigation or harmful intervention. In this review, we highlight three groups of bone incidentalomas found in adults, namely: osteolytic lesions, osteoblastic lesions, and bone protuberances. We aim to review the key imaging features of selected common and less common conditions in these three groups, so as to help radiologists confidently identify these benign do-not-touch lesions and to distinguish them from more sinister pathological lesions.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Radiography; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Bone Diseases; Incidental Findings; Bone Neoplasms
PubMed: 35604667
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211334 -
The American Journal of Surgical... Jun 2023Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm is a term proposed for tumors with a spectrum of morphologic features, including cartilage/chondroid matrix formation, that...
Calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasm is a term proposed for tumors with a spectrum of morphologic features, including cartilage/chondroid matrix formation, that frequently harbor FN1 gene fusions. We report a series of 33 cases of putative calcified chondroid mesenchymal neoplasms, mostly referred for expert consultation out of concern for malignancy. Patients included 17 males and 16 females, with a mean age of 51.3 years. Anatomic locations include the hands and fingers, feet and toes, head and neck, and temporomandibular joint; 1 patient presented with multifocal disease. Radiologic review showed soft tissue masses with variable internal calcification, which occasionally scalloped bone but in all cases appeared indolent/benign. Tumors had a mean gross size of 2.1 cm and a homogenous rubbery to fibrous/gritty tan-white cut surface. Histology demonstrated multinodular architecture with a prominent chondroid matrix and increased cellularity towards the periphery of the nodules. The tumor cells were polygonal with eccentric nuclei and bland cytologic features and showed a variable amount of increased spindled / fibroblastic forms in the perinodular septa. The majority of cases had notable grungy and/or lacy calcifications. A subset of cases demonstrated at least focal areas of increased cellularity and osteoclast-like giant cells. Herein, we confirm the distinct morphologic and clinicopathologic features associated with this entity with the largest series to date, with a focus on practical diagnostic separation from similar chondroid neoplasms. Awareness of these features is critical in avoiding pitfalls, including a malignant diagnosis of chondrosarcoma.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue; Chondrosarcoma; Cartilage; Toes; Bone Neoplasms
PubMed: 37102574
DOI: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000002044 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jun 2023Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. F-FDG PET/CT is useful for staging, detecting recurrence, monitoring response to neoadjuvant... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary malignant bone tumor. F-FDG PET/CT is useful for staging, detecting recurrence, monitoring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and predicting prognosis. Here, we review the clinical aspects of osteosarcoma management and assess the role of F-FDG PET/CT, in particular with regard to pediatric and young adult patients.
Topics: Young Adult; Humans; Child; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Bone Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Osteosarcoma; Radiopharmaceuticals; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 37201958
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.123.265592 -
Pediatrics in Review May 2022
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Osteosarcoma; Sarcoma, Ewing
PubMed: 35490205
DOI: 10.1542/pir.2021-005065 -
Clinical Radiology Oct 2023The osseous pelvis is a well-known area of various primary and secondary bone tumours, tumour mimics, and infections. Isolated lesions of the pubis (ILP) are rare, with... (Review)
Review
The osseous pelvis is a well-known area of various primary and secondary bone tumours, tumour mimics, and infections. Isolated lesions of the pubis (ILP) are rare, with few case reports in the literature. Given their sparsity, such lesions may pose a great diagnostic challenge due to varied clinical presentations and imaging features. In this study, we report the largest case series of ILP. We discuss the patient demographics, differentials, surgical approaches, and management.
Topics: Humans; Pubic Bone; Bone Neoplasms; Pelvis
PubMed: 37453806
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.05.023