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Anticancer Research Mar 2022Primary malignant osseous neoplasms of the hand are rare malignancies. Comprehensive demographic and survival data regarding primary malignant osseous neoplasms of the...
BACKGROUND
Primary malignant osseous neoplasms of the hand are rare malignancies. Comprehensive demographic and survival data regarding primary malignant osseous neoplasms of the hand are lacking in the literature.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified all patients with primary malignant osseous neoplasms of the hand diagnosed between 1983 and 2015. Demographic data were searched for primary osseous neoplasms in the hand and higher incidence of histological subtype.
RESULTS
A total of 197 patients were analyzed: 103 patients were diagnosed with histologically low-grade tumor, and 31 were diagnosed with high-grade tumor. Five-year cancer-specific and overall survival rates for the entire cohort were 91.4% and 81.9%, respectively. Histological high tumor grade and regional stage from SEER historic stage data were associated with unfavorable cancer-specific survival.
CONCLUSION
Special caution is required if patients have histologically high-grade tumor or tumor extending beyond the periosteum into surrounding joints, as these features worsen cancer-specific mortality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bone Neoplasms; Child; Child, Preschool; Databases, Factual; Female; Hand Bones; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Staging; SEER Program; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 35220262
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15639 -
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Sep 2019: Human chondrosarcomas (CS; a malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor) respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation treatment, resulting in high morbidity and mortality... (Review)
Review
: Human chondrosarcomas (CS; a malignant cartilage-forming bone tumor) respond poorly to chemotherapy and radiation treatment, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. Expanded treatment options are urgently needed. : This article updates our 2014 review, in which we evaluated the CS treatments available at that time and potential treatment options under investigation. Since then, advances in research findings, particularly from Chinese herbal medicines, may be bringing us closer to more effective therapies for CS. In particular, promising findings have been reported from research targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptor. : Few treatment options exist for CS; chemotherapy is not even an option for unresectable disease, in which 5-year survival rates are just 2%. New information about the multitude of genes and signaling pathways that encourage CS growth, invasion and metastasis are clarifying how certain signaling pathways and plant-derived active compounds, especially molecularly-targeted therapies that inhibit the PDGF receptor, interfering with these biological processes. This review summarizes discoveries from the last 5 years and discusses how these findings are fueling ongoing work into effectively dealing with the disease process and improving the treatment of CS.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Chondrosarcoma; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; Signal Transduction; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31462102
DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1659731 -
Cancer Letters Oct 2020Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a bone-destructive benign neoplasm characterized by distinctive multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells with osteolytic properties... (Review)
Review
Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a bone-destructive benign neoplasm characterized by distinctive multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells with osteolytic properties distributed among neoplastic stromal cells. GCT is locally aggressive with progressive invasion of adjacent tissues and occasionally displays malignant characteristics including lung metastasis. GCT is characterized genetically by highly recurrent somatic mutations at the G34 position of the H3F3A gene, encoding the histone variant H3.3, in stromal cells. This leads to deregulated gene expression and increased proliferation of mutation-bearing cells. However, when GCT complicates Paget disease of bone (GCT/PDB) it behaves differently, showing a more malignant phenotype with 5-year survival less than 50%. GCT/PDB is caused by a germline mutation in the ZNF687 gene, which encodes a transcription factor involved in the repression of genes surrounding DNA double-strand breaks to promote repair by homologous recombination. Identification of these driver mutations led to novel diagnostic tools for distinguishing between these two tumors and other osteoclast-rich neoplasms. Herein, we review the clinical, histological, and molecular features of GCT in different contexts focusing also on pharmacological treatments.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone; Humans; Osteitis Deformans
PubMed: 32502498
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.031 -
Acta Biomaterialia Nov 2019Malignant bone tumors are aggressive neoplasms which arise from bone tissue or as a result of metastasis. The most prevalent types of cancer, such as breast, prostate,... (Review)
Review
Malignant bone tumors are aggressive neoplasms which arise from bone tissue or as a result of metastasis. The most prevalent types of cancer, such as breast, prostate, and lung cancer, all preferentially metastasize to bone, yet the role of the bone niche in promoting cancer progression remains poorly understood. Tissue engineering has the potential to bridge this knowledge gap by providing 3D in vitro systems that can be specifically designed to mimic key properties of the bone niche in a more physiologically relevant context than standard 2D culture. Elucidating the crucial components of the bone niche that recruit metastatic cells, support tumor growth, and promote cancer-induced destruction of bone tissue would support efforts for preventing and treating these devastating malignancies. In this review, we summarize recent efforts focused on developing in vitro 3D models of primary bone cancer and bone metastasis using tissue engineering approaches. Such 3D in vitro models can enable the identification of effective therapeutic targets and facilitate high-throughput drug screening to effectively treat bone cancers. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterials-based 3D culture have been traditionally used for tissue regeneration. Recent research harnessed biomaterials to create 3D in vitro cancer models, with demonstrated advantages over conventional 2D culture in recapitulating tumor progression and drug response in vivo. However, previous work has been largely limited to modeling soft tissue cancer, such as breast cancer and brain cancer. Unlike soft tissues, bone is characterized with high stiffness and mineral content. Primary bone cancer affects mostly children with poor treatment outcomes, and bone is the most common site of cancer metastasis. Here we summarize emerging efforts on engineering 3D bone cancer models using tissue engineering approaches, and future directions needed to further advance this relatively new research area.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Biomimetics; Bone Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Hydrogels; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Neoplasm Metastasis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Spheroids, Cellular; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 31419564
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.08.020 -
Orthopedics 2021Primary bone tumors of the hand are relatively rare. Different treatment options have been described in case reports. In this study, the authors present the diagnostic...
Primary bone tumors of the hand are relatively rare. Different treatment options have been described in case reports. In this study, the authors present the diagnostic methods and treatment strategies that they used. The goal of this study is to present the oncologic and functional outcomes of surgical resection of primary malignant and aggressive benign metacarpal bone tumors. This retrospective study included 7 patients with primary malignant and aggressive benign bone tumors of the metacarpals who underwent surgical resection with or without metacarpal reconstruction between 2000 and 2017, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Clinical and radiologic evaluations were reviewed, and functional evaluation was performed with the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system. Seven patients (6 female; 1 male), with a mean age of 30.9±11.3 years, were included in the study. Six tumors were de novo, whereas 1 was recurrent. After resection, 5 patients had metacarpal reconstruction. Nonvascularized fibula was used for 3 patients, extracorporeal freezing of the metacarpal using liquid nitrogen was used for 1 patient, and metacarpal shift was used for 1 patient. Mean follow-up was 52.6±26.7 months. At the final follow-up, mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 27.4±1.6, and no local recurrence was documented. One patient had chest metastasis after 8 years of follow-up. The results show that surgical resection of primary malignant and aggressive benign tumors of the metacarpal bones can achieve satisfactory functional and oncologic outcomes. [. 2021;44(5):e633-e638.].
Topics: Adult; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Fibula; Humans; Male; Metacarpal Bones; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 34590957
DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20210817-02 -
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy May 2020: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. It is currently treated with pre-and postoperative chemotherapy, associated with surgical resection of the... (Review)
Review
: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor. It is currently treated with pre-and postoperative chemotherapy, associated with surgical resection of the tumor.: Relapses occur in about one in three patients presenting with localized disease, and three in four of those with metastases at diagnosis. Relapsing disease carries a very poor prognosis, with 5-year survival rates ranging between 13% and 40%.: Patients with unilateral lung involvement or solitary lung metastases and a recurrence-free interval (RFI) longer than 24 months have a better prognosis, and could be managed with surgical resection and close observation. Complete surgical resection of all sites of disease remains essential to survival: patients unable to achieve complete remission have a catastrophic overall survival rate. The role of second-line chemotherapy is not at all clear, and no controlled studies are available on this topic. It is worth considering for patients unable to achieve complete surgical remission, and those with multiple metastases and/or a RFI <24 months. Given their dismal prognosis, patients with multiple sites of disease not amenable to complete surgical resection should also be considered for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bone Neoplasms; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease-Free Survival; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32379504
DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1760848 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Feb 2024Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone neoplasm plagued by poor prognosis. Major treatment strategies include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy to... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone neoplasm plagued by poor prognosis. Major treatment strategies include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Chemotherapy to treat OS has severe adverse effects due to systemic toxicity to healthy cells. A possible way to overcome the limitation is to utilize nanotechnology. Nanotherapeutics is an emerging approach in treating OS using nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Surgical resection of OS leaves a critical bone defect requiring medical intervention. Recently, tissue engineered scaffolds have been reported to provide physical support to bone defects and aid multimodal treatment of OS. These scaffolds loaded with nanoparticulate delivery systems could also actively repress tumor growth and aid new bone formation. The rapid developments in nanotherapeutics and bone tissue engineering have paved the way for improved treatment efficacy for OS-related bone defects. This review focuses on current bifunctional nanomaterials-based tissue engineered (NTE) scaffolds that use novel approaches such as magnetic hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, bioceramic and polymeric nanotherapeutics against OS. With further optimization and screening, NTE scaffolds could meet clinical applications for treating OS patients.
Topics: Humans; Tissue Engineering; Osteosarcoma; Tissue Scaffolds; Bone Neoplasms; Drug Delivery Systems
PubMed: 38324905
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ad270b -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma represents a rare cause of cancer in the general population, accounting for <1% of malignant neoplasms globally. Nonetheless, it represents the main cause of malignant bone neoplasm in children, adolescents and young adults under 20 years of age. It also presents another peak of incidence in people over 50 years of age and is associated with rheumatic diseases. Numerous environmental risk factors, such as bone diseases, genetics and a history of previous neoplasms, have been widely described in the literature, which allows monitoring a certain group of patients. Diagnosis requires numerous imaging tests that make it possible to stratify both the local involvement of the disease and its distant spread, which ominously determines the prognosis. Thanks to various clinical trials, the usefulness of different chemotherapy regimens, radiotherapy and surgical techniques with radical intent has now been demonstrated; these represent improvements in both prognosis and therapeutic approaches. Osteosarcoma patients should be evaluated in reference centres by multidisciplinary committees with extensive experience in proper management. Although numerous genetic and rheumatological diseases and risk factors have been described, the use of serological, genetic or other biomarkers has been limited in clinical practice compared to other neoplasms. This limits both the initial follow-up of these patients and screening in populations at risk. In addition, we cannot forget that the diagnosis is mainly based on the direct biopsy of the lesion and imaging tests, which illustrates the need to study new diagnostic alternatives. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the natural history of the disease and describe the main biomarkers, explaining their clinical uses, prognosis and limitations.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteosarcoma; Bone Neoplasms; Incidence
PubMed: 36499267
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314939 -
The Nursing Clinics of North America Jun 2020The treatment of malignant bone tumors, also called bone sarcomas, has changed dramatically over the past 50 years owing to the advances in chemotherapy, immunotherapy,... (Review)
Review
The treatment of malignant bone tumors, also called bone sarcomas, has changed dramatically over the past 50 years owing to the advances in chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiation, prosthetic technology, and surgical advances. There are 3 main primary bone cancers: osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma (or Ewing's family of sarcoma), and chondrosarcoma. Before advances in limb preservation techniques and before the development of prosthetic replacement, the treatment for a malignant bone tumor of the extremity was amputation. This article discusses the progression of surgical treatment of malignant bone cancers.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Limb Salvage
PubMed: 32389258
DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2020.02.006 -
European Review For Medical and... Feb 2022Osteosarcoma is a common bone sarcoma that often occurs in childhood and adolescence. In recent years, the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatments has been improved by... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Osteosarcoma is a common bone sarcoma that often occurs in childhood and adolescence. In recent years, the efficacy of osteosarcoma treatments has been improved by adjuvant chemotherapies and surgical approaches. However, poor prognosis often occurs among osteosarcoma patients due to recurrence, metastasis, or drug resistance problems. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a specific type of tumor malignant cells with stem cell-like properties, have been reported to be responsible for tumor origination, aggression, metastasis, recurrence, and drug resistance. CSCs have been identified in osteosarcomas treatment, which exhibits self-renewal, multi-potency, and enhanced drug resistance. Therefore, in the present narrative review, we intend to summarize the role of lncRNAs in regulating CSCs and their effectiveness in the treatment of osteosarcoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The databases PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were used for the presented study. The keywords we used to complete our search are 'lncRNA', 'Stem cell', and 'osteosarcoma'. A total of over 800 relevant articles, with a time limit from 2010 to 2021, were identified according to search strategy. Duplicate records and review articles were excluded by their titles and abstracts. Finally, we found about 80 articles matching our inclusion criteria, which included about 13 relevant studies focusing on both the mechanism and effectiveness of osteosarcomas treatment among osteosarcoma patients.
RESULTS
CD133, CD117, ALDH, and Stro-1 are validated as the stem cell biomarkers in osteosarcoma CSCs. Accumulating evidence has revealed that lncRNAs, containing HIF2PUT, SOX2-OT, MALAT1, THOR, B4GALT1-AS1, H19, PVT1, FER1L4, LINK-A, DANCR, and DLX6-AS1, play a potential role in regulating CSCs in osteosarcoma. The drug resistance, inhibition of the relapse, and metastasis in osteosarcoma could be avoided via regulating lncRNAs of targeting CSCs.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiple lncRNAs regulate CSCs in osteosarcoma via various molecular mechanisms. This review demonstrated that the method of eliminating CSCs by targeting these lncRNAs is a safe, effective, and a well-tolerated way for osteosarcoma patients, which shows a broad research prospect in tumor diagnoses and therapies. However, this method should be further demonstrated by better animal models and more clinical experiments.
Topics: Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplastic Stem Cells; Osteosarcoma; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 35179763
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202202_28006