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General Dentistry 2022The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children between 6 and 12 years of age in the city of Qom, Iran, and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children between 6 and 12 years of age in the city of Qom, Iran, and explore the associations between TMDs and both malocclusion and anxiety. This study was conducted in 193 children who were assessed via interview, clinical examination, and the parent version of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale. Clinical examinations consisted of assessment of asymmetry, joint sounds, jaw movements (functional shift, temporomandibular joint pain on opening, limitations on mouth opening, and mandibular deviation from midline on mouth opening), and masticatory muscles (sensitivity of masseter and temporalis muscles on palpation and dysfunction of pterygoid muscles). The presence of malocclusion and parafunctional habits were also evaluated. The data were analyzed using chi-square and independent t tests. The associations between anxiety and the quantitative variables of the study were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The total prevalence of TMDs in this sample was 17.1%. Most children with TMDs had a moderate anxiety level, and the anxiety score had a significant correlation with the presence of TMDs (P = 0.000). There was a significant relationship between Class II malocclusion and TMDs as well as between Class III malocclusion and TMDs. The most common oral habit was placing a pencil or other objects between the teeth. No significant relationships were observed between the prevalence of TMDs and the sex and age groups. This study showed significant relationships between TMDs and anxiety, malocclusion, and parafunctional habits.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Prevalence; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 35467547
DOI: No ID Found -
Progress in Orthodontics Jul 2023Maxillary molar distalization is a common technique used in the non-extraction treatment of Angle Class II malocclusion that can effectively correct the molar...
BACKGROUND
Maxillary molar distalization is a common technique used in the non-extraction treatment of Angle Class II malocclusion that can effectively correct the molar relationship and create spaces for anterior teeth alignment. However, this approach may also impact the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) due to predictable changes in the posterior vertical dimension. Despite its widespread use, Class II malocclusions correction by molar distalization with clear aligners has not been investigated for their effects on the TMJ. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of sequential molar distalization using clear aligners on the TMJ.
METHODS
Three-dimensional CBCT scans of 23 non-growing patients (7 males, 16 females; mean age 29.8 ± 4.6 years) with skeletal class I or II malocclusion and a bilateral molar class II relationship treated by sequential upper molars distalization with orthodontic clear aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, San Josè, Ca, USA). A total of 46 joints were examined before and after molar distalization using Anatomage InvivoDental 6.0.3. Linear and angular measurements of the mandibular joint were measured, including joint parameters, inclination, position, and the dimension of the condyle and articular fossa. In addition, 3D volumetric spaces of the joint were analyzed. All data were statistically analyzed by paired T test to determine the differences between the pre-and post-orthodontic procedures.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were found in all primary effects resulting from maxillary molars distalization by clear aligners on TMJ components measurements and joint spaces between T0 and T1. Meanwhile, statistically significant differences were observed in the linear position of the upper molars and the molar relationship parameter with at least P ≤ 0.05.
CONCLUSION
Treatment by sequential upper molars distalization with clear aligners does not lead to significant TMJ parameters changes in condyle and fossa spaces, dimensions, and positions.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Maxilla; Molar; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; Temporomandibular Joint; Tooth Movement Techniques; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
PubMed: 37455279
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00474-3 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Aug 2022The aim of this study was to investigate malocclusion severity and its associations with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among middle-aged adults.
AIM
The aim of this study was to investigate malocclusion severity and its associations with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among middle-aged adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study material consisted of 1786 subjects from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 who attended dental and oral examination as part of the 46-year-old follow-up study. Malocclusion severity was assessed using the Dental Health Component (DHC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) and the Peer Assessment Rating index (PAR) from digital 3D dental models. Participants also answered a questionnaire including the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) and a question on their satisfaction with occlusal function. Differences between malocclusion severity groups were evaluated for both genders separately. For adjusted models, multivariate Poisson regression models were conducted.
RESULTS
In this study population, 31.3% had great or very great orthodontic treatment need according to DHC and the mean PAR total score was 22.05. The most severe malocclusions were associated with OHRQoL, especially the psychosocial and handicap dimensions, and satisfaction with occlusal function. There was a significant difference between genders, men having more severe malocclusion but women reporting more OHRQoL impacts.
CONCLUSION
One third of the study population were considered to have severe malocclusion. There was an association between malocclusion severity and OHRQoL in adult population, particularly in women.
Topics: Adult; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; Male; Malocclusion; Middle Aged; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34568892
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjab070 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Sep 2022Differential patterns of craniofacial growth are important sources of variation that can result in skeletal malocclusion. Understanding the timing of growth milestones...
Differential patterns of craniofacial growth are important sources of variation that can result in skeletal malocclusion. Understanding the timing of growth milestones and morphological change associated with adult skeletal malocclusions is critical for developing individualized orthodontic growth modification strategies. To identify patterns in the timing and geometry of growth, we used Bayesian modeling of cephalometrics and geometric morphometric analyses with a dense, longitudinal sample consisting of 15,407 cephalograms from 1,913 individuals between 2 and 31 years of age. Individuals were classified into vertical facial types (hyper-, normo-, hypo-divergent) and anteroposterior (A-P) skeletal classes (Class I, Class II, Class III) based on adult mandibular plane angle and ANB angle, respectively. These classifications yielded eight facial type-skeletal class categories with sufficient sample sizes to be included in the study. Four linear cephalometrics representing facial heights and maxillary and mandibular lengths were fit to standard double logistic models generating type-class category-specific estimates for age, size, and rate of growth at growth milestones. Mean landmark configurations were compared among type-class categories at four time points between 6 and 20 years of age. Overall, morphology and growth patterns were more similar within vertical facial types than within A-P classes and variation among A-P classes typically nested within variation among vertical types. Further, type-class-associated variation in the rate and magnitude of growth in specific regions identified here may serve as targets for clinical treatment of complex vertical and A-P skeletal malocclusion and provide a clearer picture of the development of variation in craniofacial form.
Topics: Adult; Bayes Theorem; Cephalometry; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Mandible; Maxilla
PubMed: 35076186
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24870 -
Is there association between dental malocclusion and bruxism? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Oct 2020Given that current literature largely dissociates dental malocclusion and bruxism, the objective of this study was to gather, through a systematic review, scientific... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Given that current literature largely dissociates dental malocclusion and bruxism, the objective of this study was to gather, through a systematic review, scientific evidence to support their relationship.
METHODOLOGY
This study was performed according to the PECO strategy (where P = general population; E = dental malocclusion; C = no dental malocclusion; and O = bruxism). Literature searches were conducted without language or date restrictions in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, LILACS/BBO via VHL and the grey literature. The search strategy included Medical Subject Headings/DECs, synonyms and free terms relevant to each database, with no age restrictions applied. Once the relevant data were extracted from the articles, the Fowkes and Fulton guidelines were followed to assess the quality and risk of bias. For quantitative analysis, dental malocclusions were divided into groups according to their type in order to perform odds ratio (OR) meta-analyses with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Review Manager software program (Cochrane, London, UK). The level of certainty of evidence was demonstrated through the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE).
RESULTS
After 1,502 studies found, 10 studies were included for qualitative analysis and nine for quantitative synthesis. Four studies presented high methodological quality. Five meta-analyses suggested a non-association between bruxism and Angle class I (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.41-2.69; P = .92; I = 84%), Angle class II (OR: 1.49, 95% CI: 0.77-2.87; P = .23; I = 71%) or Angle class III (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.31-1.93; P = .58; I = 0%). Bruxism was associated with children who did not present with a posterior crossbite (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.51-0.96; P = .03; I = 27%) and present crowding (OR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.03-2.26; P = .03; I = 0%). The GRADE analysis presented a very low quality of evidence.
CONCLUSION
Individuals who present with bruxism have a greater chance of crowding. However, bruxism is not associated with the presence of any of the other malocclusions evaluated.
Topics: Bruxism; Child; Humans; London; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Malocclusion, Angle Class III
PubMed: 32246486
DOI: 10.1111/joor.12971 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2022To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-reported satisfaction of patients with...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-reported satisfaction of patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
METHODS
The sample consisted of sixty women who attended a specialized mental health clinic of a Brazilian medical school. Participants were distributed into two groups: patients with anorexia and bulimia nervosa (ABN; n=30) and control patients without eating disorders (CN; n=30). The dental occlusion was evaluated by the Dental Aesthetic Index; the OHRQoL was assessed using the OHIP-14 questionnaire; and the self-reported satisfaction with the appearance of teeth, speech ability and chewing was obtained by interviews.
RESULTS
Severe and very severe malocclusion were observed in 26.67% and 46.67% of patients in the ABN group, respectively, while the CN group showed 80.00% of patients without abnormality/mild malocclusion. ABN group showed a higher proportion of patients (p < 0.05) with tooth loss, spacing in the region of incisors, maxillary misalignment, and mandibular misalignment in relation to CN group. ABN group presented lower (p< 0.05) OHRQoL and self-reported satisfaction with the appearance of teeth, speech ability and chewing, compared to the CN group. There was a significant positive correlation (p< 0.05) between the Dental Aesthetic Index and OHIP-14 scores in the ABN group.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of severe malocclusion in ABN group was high, with a negative impact on OHRQoL and self-reported satisfaction with the chewing ability, speech ability and appearance of teeth.
Topics: Anorexia; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Malocclusion; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35703616
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.2.e2220305.oar -
Oral Diseases Sep 2023Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class... (Review)
Review
Non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion is a major craniofacial disorder characterized by genetic and environmental factors. Patients with severe skeletal Class III malocclusion require orthognathic surgery to obtain aesthetic facial appearance and functional occlusion. Recent studies have demonstrated that susceptible chromosomal regions and genetic variants of candidate genes play important roles in the etiology of skeletal Class III malocclusion. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the genetic factors that affect non-syndromic skeletal Class III malocclusion, including the patterns of inheritance and multiple genetic approaches. We then summarize the functional studies on related loci and genes using cell biology and animal models, which will help to implement individualized therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Humans; Esthetics, Dental; Malocclusion, Angle Class III; Malocclusion; Cephalometry
PubMed: 36350305
DOI: 10.1111/odi.14426 -
Medicine Aug 2022The aim of this literature review was to summarize the clinical characteristics and symptoms of temporomandibular joint diseases, and to discuss the associations between... (Review)
Review
The aim of this literature review was to summarize the clinical characteristics and symptoms of temporomandibular joint diseases, and to discuss the associations between temporomandibular joint diseases and categorization of malocclusion. Electronic literature searches were performed using the PubMed database. The authors established a differential diagnostic method for temporomandibular joint diseases related to malocclusion. A literature search using PubMed yielded 213 texts, of which based on exclusion criteria, 28 were included in this study. Malocclusions were categorized into 5 types. The authors suggested a diagnostic tree of temporomandibular joint diseases based on the types of malocclusion and 4 variables in clinical characteristics and symptoms. Clinicians treating malocclusions must attempt to clarify the cause of the occlusal condition. If caused by temporomandibular joint disease, it is important to make a proper differential diagnosis at first, and not to overlook the causative disease. Further clinical knowledge of associations between temporomandibular joint diseases and malocclusions should be accumulated, and the diagnostic tree should be improved based on new information.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Knowledge; Malocclusion; PubMed; Temporomandibular Joint; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 35984194
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029247 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2022Children with speech sound disorders (SSD) form a heterogeneous group that differs in terms of underlying cause and severity of speech difficulties. Orofacial...
BACKGROUND
Children with speech sound disorders (SSD) form a heterogeneous group that differs in terms of underlying cause and severity of speech difficulties. Orofacial dysfunction and malocclusions have been reported in children with SSD. However, the association is not fully explored.
OBJECTIVES
Our aims were to describe differences in orofacial function and malocclusion between a group of children and adolescents with compared to without SSD and to explore associations between those parameters among the group with SSD.
METHODS
A total of 105 participants were included, 61 children with SSD (6.0-16.7 years, mean age 8.5 ± 2.8, 14 girls and 47 boys) and 44 children with typical speech development (TSD) (6.0-12.2 years, mean age 8.8 ± 1.6, 19 girls and 25 boys). Assessments of orofacial function included an orofacial screening test and assessment of bite force, jaw stability, chewing efficiency, and intraoral sensory-motor function. Possible malocclusions were also assessed.
RESULT
Children with SSD had both poorer orofacial function and a greater prevalence of malocclusion than children with TSD. Furthermore, children with SSD and poorer orofacial function had a greater risk of malocclusion.
CONCLUSION
Our result suggests that children with SSD are more prone to having poorer orofacial function and malocclusion than children with TSD. This illustrates the importance of assessing coexisting orofacial characteristics in children with SSD, especially since orofacial dysfunction may be linked to an increased risk of malocclusion. This result highlights the need for a multiprofessional approach.
Topics: Adolescent; Bite Force; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Mastication; Speech Sound Disorder
PubMed: 35723352
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.602 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2022To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
To estimate the prevalence of malocclusion in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and to assess the relationship between ASD and malocclusion.
METHODS
We searched electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, SciELO LILACS, Proquest, OpenGrey and Google Scholar. There were no language or publication dates restrictions. Two researchers independently performed selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and ROBINS-E tool. Meta-analyses using random effect models were used to estimate pooled measures of prevalence of malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD and pooled odds ratio (OR) on the relationship between ASD and malocclusion characteristics. Subgroup meta-analyses were conducted according to children and adolescents, history of orthodontic treatment, and occurrence of other syndromes and medical conditions.
RESULTS
Searching identified 5549 papers with 238 were selected for full assessment. Eighteen cross-sectional studies were included according to inclusion criteria. Of them, eleven studies were considered of moderate quality. A judgement of critical risk of bias occurred for thirteen studies. The most prevalent malocclusion characteristics in individuals with ASD were crowding (33%; 95% CI 22 to 44%) and increased maxillary overjet (39%; 95% CI 23 to 54%). Individuals with ASD had higher odds of Angle's Class II (OR 1.92; 95% CI 1.36 to 2.72), Angle's Class III (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.23), open bite (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.21 to 3.16), and increased maxillary overjet (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.21) than individuals without ASD.
CONCLUSIONS
Angle's Class II, Angle's Class III, anterior open bite and increased maxillary overjet were more prevalent in individuals with ASD than those without ASD. Further high-quality studies are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite
PubMed: 35948958
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02366-0