-
Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics Aug 2020As a carbon-storage compound and osmoprotectant in brown algae, mannitol is synthesized and then accumulated at high levels in Saccharina japonica (Sja); however, the...
As a carbon-storage compound and osmoprotectant in brown algae, mannitol is synthesized and then accumulated at high levels in Saccharina japonica (Sja); however, the underlying control mechanisms have not been studied. Our analysis of genomic and transcriptomic data from Sja shows that mannitol metabolism is a cyclic pathway composed of four distinct steps. A mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase (M1PDH2) and two mannitol-1-phosphatases (M1Pase1 and MIPase2) work together or in combination to exhibit full enzymatic properties. Based on comprehensive transcriptomic data from different tissues, generations, and sexes as well as under different stress conditions, coupled with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and proteomic confirmation, we suggest that SjaM1Pase1 plays a major role in mannitol biosynthesis and that the basic mannitol anabolism and the carbohydrate pool dynamics are responsible for carbon storage and anti-stress mechanism. Our proteomic data indicate that mannitol metabolism remains constant during diurnal cycle in Sja. In addition, we discover that mannitol-metabolism-associated (MMA) genes show differential expression between the multicellular filamentous (gametophyte) and large parenchymal thallus (sporophyte) generations and respond differentially to environmental stresses, such as hyposaline and hyperthermia conditions. Our results indicate that the ecophysiological significance of such differentially expressed genes may be attributable to the evolution of heteromorphic generations (filamentous and thallus) and environmental adaptation of Laminariales.
Topics: Laminaria; Mannitol; Phaeophyceae; Proteomics; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33248278
DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.12.012 -
Critical Reviews in Biotechnology Feb 2022Liamocins synthesized by spp. are glycolipids composed of a single mannitol or arabitol headgroup linked to either three, four or even six 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic ester...
Liamocins synthesized by spp. are glycolipids composed of a single mannitol or arabitol headgroup linked to either three, four or even six 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic ester tail-groups. The highest titer of liamocin achieved was over 40.0 g/L. The substrates for liamocins synthesis include glucose, sucrose, xylose, mannitol, and others. The Pks1 is responsible for the biosynthesis of the tail-group 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid, both mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH) and mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (MPDH) catalyze the mannitol biosynthesis and the arabitol biosynthesis is controlled by arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH). The ester bond formation between 3,5-dihydroxydecanoic acid and mannitol or arabitol is catalyzed by the esterase (Est1). Liamocin biosynthesis is regulated by the specific transcriptional activator (Gal1), global transcriptional activator (Msn2), various signaling pathways, acetyl-CoA flux while Pks1 activity is controlled by PPTase activity. The synthesized liamocins have high bioactivity against the pathogenic bacteria spp. and some kinds of cancer cells while Massoia lactone released liamocins which exhibited obvious antifungal and anticancer activities. Therefore, liamocins and Massoia lactone have many applications in various sectors of biotechnology.
Topics: Ascomycota; Aureobasidium; Bacteria; Mannitol; Xylose
PubMed: 34154468
DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1931017 -
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators Oct 2023Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is thought to be triggered by increased osmolarity at the airway epithelium. The aim of this study was to define the... (Review)
Review
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is thought to be triggered by increased osmolarity at the airway epithelium. The aim of this study was to define the contractile prostanoid component of EIB, using an ex vivo model where intact segments of bronchi (inner diameter 0.5-2 mm) isolated from human lung tissue and subjected to mannitol. Exposure of bronchial segments to hyperosmolar mannitol evoked a contraction (64.3 ± 3.5 %) which could be prevented either by elimination of mast cells (15.8 ± 4.3 %) or a combination of cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT), histamine (H) and thromboxane (TP) receptor antagonists (11.2 ± 2.3 %). Likewise, when antagonism of TP receptor was exchanged for inhibition of either cyclooxygenase-1 (8 ± 2.5 %), hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG)D synthase (20.7 ± 5.6 %), TXA synthase (14.8 ± 4.9 %), or the combination of the latter two (12.2 ± 4.6 %), the mannitol-induced contraction was prevented, suggesting that the TP-mediated component is induced by PGD and TXA generated by COX-1 and their respective synthases.
Topics: Humans; Bronchoconstriction; Prostaglandins; Lung; Bronchi; Mannitol
PubMed: 37336434
DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106761 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2023
Topics: Humans; Mannitol; Colon; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 37957862
DOI: 10.2174/0113816128259838231101062452 -
Pharmaceutical Research Jan 2023The probability of agglomerate-to-wall collision was quantified using a unique image processing technique applied to high-speed microscopic images. The study aimed to...
PURPOSE
The probability of agglomerate-to-wall collision was quantified using a unique image processing technique applied to high-speed microscopic images. The study aimed to investigate the effects of flow rate and particle size on the percentage of colliding agglomerates detected within an in-house powder dispersion device.
METHOD
The device consists of a swirl chamber and two tangential inlets in various configurations, designed to emulate the geometric features of commercial devices such as the Aerolizer® and Osmohaler®. The test cases were conducted with constant flow rates of 30 SLPM and 60 SLPM. Four powder samples were tested, including carrier Respitose® SV010 (median volume diameter 104 µm, span 1.7) and mannitol of three constituent primary particle sizes (3 µm, 5 µm and 7 µm; span 1.6 - 1.9).
RESULTS
At the lower flow rate of 30 SLPM, collision frequencies were significantly different between powders of different constituent particle sizes, but the effects of powder properties diminished on increasing the flow rate to 60 SLPM. At the higher flow rate, all powders experienced a significant increase in the proportion of colliding particles.
CONCLUSION
Analysis of collision events showed that the probability of collision for each agglomerate increased with agglomerate diameter and velocity. Experimental data of agglomerate-to-wall collision were utilised to develop a logistic regression model that can accurately predict collisions with various powders and flow rates.
Topics: Dry Powder Inhalers; Aerosols; Powders; Particle Size; Mannitol; Administration, Inhalation
PubMed: 36471024
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03446-0 -
American Journal of Therapeutics 2020Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the most common complications of the hemodialysis procedure. Although there are no clear-cut answers as to the best strategy on...
BACKGROUND, AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY
Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the most common complications of the hemodialysis procedure. Although there are no clear-cut answers as to the best strategy on the management of IDH, data suggest that the administration of osmotically active drugs may decrease the occurrence of blood pressure decline during dialysis. The use of mannitol for IDH management in hemodialysis patients is scarce. This article highlights the use and benefits of mannitol and to assess the role of mannitol role in the management of IDH.
DATA SOURCES
Primary literature identified through MEDLINE/PubMed database and Google Scholar with no restrictions. Relevant and current literatures related to mannitol and IDH were used.
RESULTS AND DATA SYNTHESIS
Multiple studies have shown the benefits of mannitol for the management of IDH. Because of its oncotic effect, mannitol increases plasma osmolality to maintain adequate blood pressure and prevent the occurrence of IDH. Two observational studies and several reports were identified as being the most recent and applicable to clinical practice. Studies and data on the use of mannitol in IDH are scarce or outdated. The 2 studies used in this article conclude that mannitol carries benefits for both the adult and pediatric population. However, additional research in the future will be needed to confirm the evidence for various age groups. These 2 observational trials were also very small in number, and any future studies conducted should have a longer duration and larger population size. Although lacking data, these studies will suffice in introducing the benefits of mannitol in IDH.
CONCLUSIONS
Mannitol may be considered for the management of IDH; however, additional studies are required to evaluate the long-term risk and benefits associated with mannitol, as it carries a risk of accumulation in the body.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Hypotension; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Mannitol; Observational Studies as Topic; Osmolar Concentration; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Renal Dialysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30272595
DOI: 10.1097/MJT.0000000000000855 -
AAPS PharmSciTech Jun 2021Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innovations in biochemical engineering and understanding of the pathophysiology... (Review)
Review
Respiratory diseases are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Innovations in biochemical engineering and understanding of the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases resulted in the development of many therapeutic proteins and peptide drugs with high specificity and potency. Currently, protein and peptide drugs are mostly administered by injections due to their large molecular size, poor oral absorption, and labile physicochemical properties. However, parenteral administration has several limitations such as frequent dosing due to the short half-life of protein and peptide in blood, pain on administration, sterility requirement, and poor patient compliance. Among various noninvasive routes of administrations, the pulmonary route has received a great deal of attention and is a better alternative to deliver protein and peptide drugs for treating respiratory diseases and systemic diseases. Among the various aerosol dosage forms, dry powder inhaler (DPI) systems appear to be promising for inhalation delivery of proteins and peptides due to their improved stability in solid state. This review focuses on the development of DPI formulations of protein and peptide drugs using advanced spray drying. An overview of the challenges in maintaining protein stability during the drying process and stabilizing excipients used in spray drying of proteins and peptide drugs is discussed. Finally, a summary of spray-dried DPI formulations of protein and peptide drugs, their characterization, various DPI devices used to deliver protein and peptide drugs, and current clinical status are discussed.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Desiccation; Drug Compounding; Dry Powder Inhalers; Excipients; Humans; Isoleucine; Mannitol; Particle Size; Peptides; Powders; Recombinant Proteins; Spray Drying
PubMed: 34143327
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02043-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Serum resistance is recognized as one of the most important pathogenic traits of bacterial pathogens, and no control measure is available. Based on our previous...
Serum resistance is recognized as one of the most important pathogenic traits of bacterial pathogens, and no control measure is available. Based on our previous discovery that pathogenic represses glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism to confer serum resistance and that the reactivation of this pathway by exogenous glycine could restore serum sensitivity, we further investigate the mechanism underlying the action of glycine in . Thus, is treated with glycine, and the proteomic change is profiled with tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics. Compared to the control group, glycine treatment influences the expression of a total of 291 proteins. Among them, a trap-type mannitol/chloroaromatic compound transport system with periplasmic component, encoded by N646_0992, is the most significantly increased protein. In combination with the pathway enrichment analysis showing the altered fructose and mannitol metabolism, mannitol has emerged as a possible metabolite in enhancing the serum killing activity. To demonstrate this, exogenous mannitol reduces bacterial viability. This synergistic effect is further confirmed in a - infection model. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying mannitol-enabled serum killing is dependent on glycolysis and the pyruvate cycle that increases the deposition of complement components C3b and C5b-9 on the bacterial surface, whereas inhibiting glycolysis or the pyruvate cycle significantly weakened the synergistic effects and complement deposition. These data together suggest that mannitol is a potent metabolite in reversing the serum resistance of and has promising use in aquaculture.
Topics: Vibrio alginolyticus; Proteomics; Escherichia coli; Complement System Proteins; Glycine; Mannitol; Pyruvates
PubMed: 36389821
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010526 -
Respiratory Medicine 2019Citric acid has been used as a cough provocation test for decades. However, the methods of administration have not been standardized. Inhaled mannitol is a novel cough...
RATIONALE
Citric acid has been used as a cough provocation test for decades. However, the methods of administration have not been standardized. Inhaled mannitol is a novel cough provocation test, which has regulatory approval and can be performed utilizing a simple disposable inhaler in a standardized manner.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the mannitol and citric acid cough provocation tests with respect to their ability to identify subjects with chronic cough and their tolerability.
METHODS
Subjects with chronic cough (n = 36) and controls (n = 25) performed provocation tests with mannitol and citric acid. Both tests were video recorded. Cough sensitivity was expressed as coughs-to-dose ratios (CDR) and the cumulative doses to mannitol or concentration to citric acid evoking 5 coughs (C5). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV), visual analogue scales (VAS), test completion rates and the total cough frequencies were analysed.
RESULTS
Mannitol and citric acid CDR both effectively separated those with cough and the control subjects (AUC 0.847 and 0.803, respectively) as did C5 (AUC 0.823 and 0.763, respectively). There was a good correlation between the cough sensitivity provoked by the two stimuli, either expressed as CDR (r = 0.65, p < 0.001) or C5 (r = 0.53, p = 0.001). Both tests were similarly tolerated in terms of VAS, although more patients discontinued the mannitol test early, primarily due to cough.
CONCLUSIONS
Mannitol and citric acid tests correlated well, equally identified subjects with chronic cough and their tolerability was similar. The feasibility issues, strict standardisation and regulatory approval may favour mannitol to be used in clinical cough research.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bronchial Provocation Tests; Citric Acid; Cough; Female; Humans; Male; Mannitol; Middle Aged; Young Adult
PubMed: 31542680
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.09.011 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Heterogeneous laborious analytical methodologies for the determination of urinary lactulose and mannitol limit their utility in intestinal permeability testing.
BACKGROUND
Heterogeneous laborious analytical methodologies for the determination of urinary lactulose and mannitol limit their utility in intestinal permeability testing.
METHODS
We developed an assay using a Shimadzu HPLC system, an Aminex HPX87C column, and refractive index detection. The test was calibrated using a series of dilutions from standard stock solutions of lactulose and mannitol 'spiked' into urine samples. The utility to quantify urinary excretion during the dual sugar absorption test over 6 h was also determined.
RESULTS
Lactulose and mannitol were eluted isocratically at 5.7 and 10.1 min, respectively, with water as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.3 mL min, 858 psi, 60 °C. The calibration curves for both sugars were linear up to 500 µg mL with a limit of detection in standard solutions at 4 µg mL and in 'spiked' urine samples at 15 µg mL. The intra-assay and inter-assay CVs were between 2.0-5.1% and 2.0-5.1% for lactulose and 2.5-4.4% and 2.8-3.9% for mannitol. The urinary profiles of the 6 h absorption of lactulose and mannitol showed similar peak-retention times to standard solutions and were well-resolved at 5.9 and 10.4 min, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The assay was easy to automate, using commonly available equipment and convenient requiring no prior laborious sample derivatization. The simplicity, reproducibility, and robustness of this assay facilitates its use in routine clinical settings for the quantification of intestinal permeability.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose; Mannitol; Permeability; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35566024
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092677