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Cells Mar 2021The presence of brown adipocytes within white adipose tissue is associated with phenotypes that exhibit improved metabolism and proper body weight maintenance....
The presence of brown adipocytes within white adipose tissue is associated with phenotypes that exhibit improved metabolism and proper body weight maintenance. Therefore, a variety of dietary agents that facilitate the browning of white adipocytes have been investigated. In this study, we screened a natural product library comprising 133 compounds with the potential to promote the browning of white adipocytes, and found that D-mannitol induces the browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes by enhancing the expression of brown fat-specific genes and proteins, and upregulating lipid metabolism markers. D-mannitol also increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC), suggesting a possible role in lipolysis and fat oxidation. Moreover, an increase in the expression of genes associated with D-mannitol-induced browning was strongly correlated with the activation of the β3-adrenergic receptor as well as AMPK, protein kinase A (PKA), and PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α). D-mannitol effectively reduced the body weight of mice fed a high-fat diet, and increased the expression of β1-oxidation and energy expenditure markers, such as Cidea, carnitine palmityl transferase 1 (CPT1), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PGC1α, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACOX1) in the inguinal white adipose tissue. Our findings suggest that D-mannitol plays a dual regulatory role by inducing the generation of a brown fat-like phenotype and enhancing lipid metabolism. These results indicate that D-mannitol can function as an anti-obesity supplement.
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation; Mannitol; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondria; Models, Animal; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; Phenotype; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; Signal Transduction; Uncoupling Protein 1
PubMed: 33807329
DOI: 10.3390/cells10040768 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2022Media supplementation with exogenous chemicals is known to stimulate the accumulation of important lipids produced by microalgae and thraustochytrids. However, the roles...
Media supplementation with exogenous chemicals is known to stimulate the accumulation of important lipids produced by microalgae and thraustochytrids. However, the roles of exogenous chemicals in promoting and preserving the terpenoids pool of thraustochytrids have been rarely investigated. Here, we realized the effects of two media supplements-mannitol and biotin-on the biomass and squalene production by a thraustochytrid strain ( sp. ATCC 26185) and elucidated their mechanism of action. A significant change in the biomass was not evident with the exogenous addition of these supplements. However, with mannitol (1 g/L) supplementation, the ATCC 26185 culture achieved the best concentration (642 ± 13.6 mg/L) and yield (72.9 ± 9.6 mg/g) of squalene, which were 1.5-fold that of the control culture (non-supplemented). Similarly, with biotin supplementation (0.15 mg/L), the culture showed 459 ± 2.9 g/L and 55.7 ± 3.2 mg/g of squalene concentration and yield, respectively. The glucose uptake rate at 24 h of fermentation increased markedly with mannitol (0.31 g/Lh) or biotin (0.26 g/Lh) supplemented culture compared with non-supplemented culture (0.09 g/Lh). In addition, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of culture supplemented with mannitol remained alleviated during the entire period of fermentation while it alleviated after 24 h with biotin supplementation. The ∆ROS with mannitol was better compared with biotin supplementation. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of the supplemented culture was more than 50% during the late stage (72-96 h) of fermentation. Our study provides the potential of mannitol and biotin to enhance squalene yield and the first lines of experimental evidence for their protective role against oxidative stress during the culture of thraustochytrids.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biotin; Culture Media; Dietary Supplements; Fermentation; Glucose; Mannitol; Squalene; Stramenopiles
PubMed: 35458647
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082449 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Jun 2023Two mannitol producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from pa (green onion)- kimchi, identified and named as SKP 88 and SKP 92, respectively. Both isolates grew...
Two mannitol producing lactic acid bacteria were isolated from pa (green onion)- kimchi, identified and named as SKP 88 and SKP 92, respectively. Both isolates grew well at 25-30oC, initial pH 6-8, and 3% and lower NaCl concentration. Both isolates converted fructose into mannitol efficiently when grown on MRS broth containing fructose and glucose. Glucose was used as a carbon source and fructose was used as a precursor for mannitol. Mannitol yields were the highest in MRS broth with 3% fructose and 2% glucose. Shine muscat juice fermentation was done using each isolate as a starter. As fermentation progressed, decrease in pH and increases in titratable acidity and viable counts were observed. SKP 88 showed better mannitol conversion ability than SKP 92, and shine muscat juice fermented with SKP 88 showed the mannitol production of 41.6 g/l at 48 h, and juice fermented with SKP 92 showed 23.4 g/l at the same time. Yogurt fermentations showed similar patterns, and yogurt fermented with SKP 88 showed the mannitol production of 15.13 g/l. These results showed that both strains are useful as starters for healthy fermented foods with reduced fructose contents.
Topics: Fermentation; Mannitol; Yogurt; Leuconostoc; Glucose; Fructose; Fermented Foods
PubMed: 36994622
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2301.01015 -
AAPS PharmSciTech Mar 2023Tribo-charging is often a root cause of mass flow deviations and powder adhesion during continuous feeding. Thus, it may critically impact product quality. In this...
Tribo-charging is often a root cause of mass flow deviations and powder adhesion during continuous feeding. Thus, it may critically impact product quality. In this study, we characterized the volumetric (split- and pre-blend) feeding behavior and process-induced charge of two direct compression grades of polyols, galenIQ™ 721 (G721) for isomalt and PEARLITOL 200SD (P200SD) for mannitol, under different processing conditions. The feeding mass flow range and variability, hopper end fill level, and powder adhesion were profiled. The feeding-induced tribo-charging was measured using a Faraday cup. Both materials were comprehensively characterized for relevant powder properties, and their tribo-charging was investigated for its dependence on particle size and relative humidity. During split-feeding experiments, G721 showed a comparable feeding performance to P200SD with lower tribo-charging and adhesion to the screw outlet of the feeder. Depending on the processing condition, the charge density of G721 ranged from -0.01 up to -0.39 nC/g, and for P200SD from -3.19 up to -5.99 nC/g. Rather than differences in the particle size distribution of the two materials, their distinct surface and structural characteristics were found as the main factors affecting their tribo-charging. The good feeding performance of both polyol grades was also maintained during pre-blend feeding, where reduced tribo-charging and adhesion propensity was observed for P200SD (decreasing from -5.27 to -0.17 nC/g under the same feeding settings). Here, it is proposed that the mitigation of tribo-charging occurs due to a particle size-driven mechanism.
Topics: Mannitol; Powders; Particle Size; Technology, Pharmaceutical
PubMed: 36977945
DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02552-5 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Dec 2022The stabilizing effect of some osmolytes including betaine, mannitol, proline, sorbitol, and trehalose (each 0.5 M) was investigated on the ultrasound-irradiated...
The stabilizing effect of some osmolytes including betaine, mannitol, proline, sorbitol, and trehalose (each 0.5 M) was investigated on the ultrasound-irradiated (60 kHz and 138 W, for 240 min) lipase by determination of the enzyme half-life time, evaluation of the enzymatic reaction velocity (V), and hydrolysis of coconut oil for production of lauric acid (the main saturated fatty acid of the oil). The enzyme conformational stability was also assessed by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The average half-life time of mannitol- and sorbitol-treated lipase under the ultrasound irradiation was 511 ± 3 min and 531 ± 2 min, respectively; 3-fold higher than the unirradiated enzyme. The V value of the ultrasound-treated lipase increased from 100 ± 3 nmol min in the absence of osmolyte to 500 ± 7 nmol min and 500 ± 9 nmol min in the presence of mannitol and sorbitol, respectively. CD and fluorescence spectra indicated that mannitol and sorbitol enhanced the rigidity of the lipase molecular conformational structure, increasing the enzyme stability against the ultrasonic field. The ultrasound-irradiated lipase was then used to hydrolyze coconut oil in the absence or presence of the selected osmolytes, which led to liberate 310 ± 6 mg g, 413 ± 7 mg g, and 420 ± 4 mg g of lauric acid in the absence or presence of sorbitol and mannitol, respectively. In the absence of an ultrasonic field, the non-osmotically-treated lipase was able to liberate only 211 ± 5 mg g of lauric acid. These promising results indicate that sorbitol and mannitol stabilize the structural conformation of lipase under an ultrasonic field which in turn could improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of coconut oil.
Topics: Lipase; Hydrolysis; Coconut Oil; Sorbitol; Mannitol
PubMed: 36240573
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112910 -
Marine Drugs Sep 2019Mannitol, a polyalcohol bacterial metabolite, has been shown to activate dormant persister cells within bacterial biofilm. This study sought to evaluate an injectable...
Mannitol, a polyalcohol bacterial metabolite, has been shown to activate dormant persister cells within bacterial biofilm. This study sought to evaluate an injectable blend of mannitol, chitosan, and polyethylene glycol for delivery of antibiotics and mannitol for eradication of biofilm. Mannitol blends were injectable and had decreased dissociation and degradation in the enzyme lysozyme compared to blends without mannitol. Vancomycin and amikacin eluted in a burst response, with active concentrations extended to seven days compared to five days for blends without mannitol. Mannitol eluted from the paste in a burst the first day and continued through Day 4. Eluates from the mannitol pastes with and without antibiotics decreased viability of established biofilm by up to 95.5% compared to blends without mannitol, which only decreased biofilm when loaded with antibiotics. Cytocompatibility tests indicated no adverse effects on viability of fibroblasts. In vivo evaluation of inflammatory response revealed mannitol blends scored within the 2-4 range at Week 1 (2.6 ± 1.1) and at Week 4 (3.0 ± 0.8), indicative of moderate inflammation and comparable to non-mannitol pastes ( = 0.065). Clinically, this paste could be loaded with clinician-selected antibiotics and used as an adjunctive therapy for musculoskeletal infection prevention and treatment.
Topics: Amikacin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Chitosan; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Inflammation; Mannitol; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Polyethylene Glycols; Staphylococcus aureus; Vancomycin
PubMed: 31480687
DOI: 10.3390/md17090517 -
Gene Nov 2022Sorafenib is an FDA approved chemotherapeutic against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) yet associated with various resistance mechanisms. The role of high glucose status...
Sorafenib is an FDA approved chemotherapeutic against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) yet associated with various resistance mechanisms. The role of high glucose status on sorafenib action is still to be elucidated. This study clarifies such interaction, taking HepG2 cell lines as HCC models, MALAT1 and H19 as molecular players. HepG2 cell lines were purchased and classified into 8 groups. High glucose status was set by using d-glucose (33 mM) with insulin (1 µM). Mannitol (27.5 mM) was used as a negative osmotic control. Sorafenib was prepared at 15 µM and 20 µM. Cellular viability was assessed with MTT viability assay. Then, with trypan blue viability assay, the results were double checked and HepG2 morphology was examined by optical microscopy. MALAT1 and H19 RQs were assessed by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Results show that in comparison with sorafenib impact on HepG2, high glucose status drops cellular viability to 83.13 % (p < 0.01). With hyperosmolar mannitol, it decreases cellular viability to 72.89 % (p < 0.001). Regarding the molecular impact, hyperosmolar mannitol with sorafenib elevates both MALAT1 and H19 RQs. Yet, high glucose status elevates MALAT1and declines H19 (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001 for MALAT1 and H19 comparisons respectively). Therefore, the impact of high glucose status could be, in part, attributed to the hyperosmolar stress it induces on HepG2. Also, hyperosmolar mannitol, owing to its cytotoxic impact, is recommended for further confirmatory studies either as a separate therapeutic or as an adjuvant to sorafenib.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Glucose; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Mannitol; RNA, Long Noncoding; Sorafenib
PubMed: 35998844
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146828 -
Pharmaceutical Research Feb 2022To evaluate a three-compartmental semi-physiological model for analysis of uptake clearance and efflux from brain tissue of the hydrophilic markers sucrose and mannitol,...
PURPOSE
To evaluate a three-compartmental semi-physiological model for analysis of uptake clearance and efflux from brain tissue of the hydrophilic markers sucrose and mannitol, compared to non-compartmental techniques presuming unidirectional uptake.
METHODS
Stable isotope-labeled [C]sucrose and [C]mannitol (10 mg/kg each) were injected as IV bolus into the tail vein of awake young adult mice. Blood and brain samples were taken after different time intervals up to 8 h. Plasma and brain concentrations were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Brain uptake clearance (K) was analyzed using either the single-time point analysis, the multiple time point graphical method, or by fitting the parameters of a three-compartmental model that allows for symmetrical exchange across the blood-brain barrier and an additional brain efflux clearance.
RESULTS
The three-compartment model was able to describe the experimental data well, yielding estimates for K of sucrose and mannitol of 0.068 ± 0.005 and 0.146 ± 0.020 μl.min.g, respectively, which were significantly different (p < 0.01). The separate brain efflux clearance had values of 0.693 ± 0.106 (sucrose) and 0.881 ± 0.20 (mannitol) μl.min.g, which were not statistically different. K values obtained by single time point and multiple time point analyses were dependent on the terminal sampling time and showed declining values for later time points.
CONCLUSIONS
Using the three-compartment model allows determination of K for small molecule hydrophilic markers with low blood-brain barrier permeability. It also provides, for the first time, an estimate of brain efflux after systemic administration of a marker, which likely represents bulk flow clearance from brain tissue.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, Liquid; Drug Elimination Routes; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mannitol; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Biological; Permeability; Sucrose; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tissue Distribution; Wakefulness; Mice
PubMed: 35146590
DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03175-4 -
BMC Plant Biology Dec 2021A mannitol stress treatment and a subsequent application of n-butanol, known as a microtubule-disrupting agent, enhance microspore embryogenesis (ME) induction and plant...
BACKGROUND
A mannitol stress treatment and a subsequent application of n-butanol, known as a microtubule-disrupting agent, enhance microspore embryogenesis (ME) induction and plant regeneration in bread wheat. To characterize changes in cortical (CMT) and endoplasmic (EMT) microtubules organization and dynamics, associated with ME induction treatments, immunocytochemistry studies complemented by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were accomplished. This technique has allowed us to perform advanced 3- and 4D studies of MT architecture. The degree of MT fragmentation was examined by the relative fluorescence intensity quantification.
RESULTS
In uni-nucleated mannitol-treated microspores, severe CMT and EMT fragmentation occurs, although a complex network of short EMT bundles protected the nucleus. Additional treatment with n-butanol resulted in further depolymerization of both CMT and EMT, simultaneously with the formation of MT aggregates in the perinuclear region. Some aggregates resembled a preprophase band. In addition, a portion of the microspores progressed to the first mitotic division during the treatments. Bi-nucleate pollen-like structures showed a high MT depolymerization after mannitol treatment and numerous EMT bundles around the vegetative and generative nuclei after n-butanol. Interestingly, bi-nucleate symmetric structures showed prominent stabilization of EMT.
CONCLUSIONS
Fragmentation and stabilization of microtubules induced by mannitol- and n-butanol lead to new configurations essential for the induction of microspore embryogenesis in bread wheat. These results provide robust insight into MT dynamics during EM induction and open avenues to address newly targeted treatments to induce ME in recalcitrant species.
Topics: 1-Butanol; Mannitol; Microscopy, Confocal; Microtubules; Plant Development; Pollen; Triticum
PubMed: 34886809
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03345-3 -
Transplantation Proceedings Sep 2021The effect of mannitol usage during kidney donation and kidney transplantation is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effect of mannitol usage during kidney donation and kidney transplantation is still unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to research the difference in graft function between kidney grafts treated with and without mannitol.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in 5 databases and included 8 eligible studies out of 3570 references, which were included up to July 12, 2021. Relevant outcomes for analysis were graft survival, rejection, acute renal failure, delayed graft function, renal failure, creatinine clearance, diuresis, and serum creatinine.
RESULTS
Eight studies were identified, 1 study examining the effect of mannitol during kidney donation and 7 studies during kidney transplantation, of which 6 eligible for meta-analysis. A total of 1143 patients were included in these studies. The following outcome measures demonstrated significant differences in favor of mannitol usage compared with a control group: acute renal failure (risk ratio [RR], 0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.79; P < .01]) and delayed graft function (RR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.08-0.77; P = 0.02 and RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.51-0.94; P = 0.94). Differences in other outcome parameters were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the use of mannitol during kidney transplantation leads to lower incidence of acute renal failure and delayed graft function. For all other outcomes, no significant difference was found. Further research should be conducted on the use of mannitol during donor nephrectomy because of the limited availability of studies. Finally, for interpretation of the outcomes, the quality of the evidence should be taken into consideration and we emphasize the need for more up-to-date research.
Topics: Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Transplantation; Mannitol
PubMed: 34412911
DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.07.001