-
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Gluten is a key component that allows wheat flour to form a dough, and it is also a byproduct of the production of wheat starch. As a commercial product, wheat gluten is... (Review)
Review
Gluten is a key component that allows wheat flour to form a dough, and it is also a byproduct of the production of wheat starch. As a commercial product, wheat gluten is increasingly used in the food-related industry because of its versatile functional properties and wide range of sources. Wheat gluten is manufactured industrially on a large scale through the Martin process and batter process and variants thereof. Gliadin and glutenin impart cohesiveness and elasticity properties, respectively, to wheat gluten. The formation of gluten networks and polymers depends mainly on covalent bonds (disulfide bonds) and noncovalent bonds (ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions). The multifunctional properties (viscoelasticity, gelation, foamability, etc.) of wheat gluten are shown by rehydration and other processing techniques. Wheat gluten has been widely used in wheat-based products, food auxiliary agents, food packaging, encapsulation and release of food functional ingredients, food adsorption and heat insulation materials, special purpose foods, and versatile applications. In the future, wheat gluten protein will be used as an important raw material to participate in the development and preparation of various food and degradable materials, and the application potential of wheat gluten in food-related industries will be massive. This review summarizes the main manufacturing processes, composition, and structure of gluten protein, and the various functional properties that support its application in the food and related industries.
Topics: Triticum; Flour; Glutens; Food-Processing Industry; Viscosity
PubMed: 35608010
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2078785 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023A prosthesis is loaded by forces and torques exerted by its wearer, the amputee, and should withstand instances of peak loads without failure. Traditionally, strong...
A prosthesis is loaded by forces and torques exerted by its wearer, the amputee, and should withstand instances of peak loads without failure. Traditionally, strong prosthetic sockets were made using a composite with a variety of reinforcing fibres, such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar. Amputees in less-resourced nations can lack access to composite prosthetic sockets due to their unavailability or prohibitive cost. Therefore, this study investigates the feasibility of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibre-reinforced composites as a low-cost sustainable composite for producing functional lower-limb prosthetic sockets. Two types of these composites were manufactured using woven and knitted fabric with a vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) process. For direct comparison purposes, traditional prosthetic-socket materials were also manufactured from laminated composite (glass-fibre-reinforced (GFRP)), monolithic thermoplastic (polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE)) were also manufactured. Dog-bone-shaped specimens were cut from flat laminates and monolithic thermoplastic to evaluate their mechanical properties following ASTM standards. The mechanical properties of PET-woven and PET-knitted composites were found to have demonstrated to be considerably superior to those of traditional socket materials, such as PP and HDPE. All the materials were also tested in the socket form using a bespoke test rig reproducing forefoot loading according to the ISO standard 10328. The static structural test of sockets revealed that all met the target load-bearing capacity of 125 kg. Like GFRP, the PETW and PETK sockets demonstrated higher deformation and stiffness resistance than their monolithic counterparts made from PP and HDPE. As a result, it was concluded that the PET-based composite could replace monolithic socket materials in producing durable and affordable prostheses.
PubMed: 37444920
DOI: 10.3390/ma16134606 -
Disability and Rehabilitation Nov 2023In the USA, low back pain related illness accounts for approximately 149 million workdays lost each year. Initial management of back pain typically involves allied...
In the USA, low back pain related illness accounts for approximately 149 million workdays lost each year. Initial management of back pain typically involves allied healthcare professionals who implement various treatments, such as chiropractic manipulation, physiotherapy, and acupuncture which have varying outcomes and levels of supporting evidence. Another passive treatment for back pain is inversion table therapy (ITT). It is a form of spinal traction which is thought to have a role in relieving low back pain due to the gravity-facilitated traction of the spine which distracts the lumbar vertebrae. However, ITT is not without risk. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Medical Device Reporting Events Database, ITT has resulted in serious injuries including spinal cord injury, fractures, lacerations, and death. The FDA has regulated ITT for only manufacturers that indicated medical use; however, most manufacturers have not made such medical claims and were exempt from FDA regulation. This article discusses the risks of ITT, the current regulatory process for ITT, and the need for a better understanding of the role of ITT in the treatment of spinal pain while optimizing consumer safety.Implications for rehabilitationInversion table therapy (ITT) is a form of spinal traction which is thought to have a role in relieving low back pain due to the gravity-facilitated traction of the spine which distracts the lumbar vertebrae.According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) statistics, injuries due to non-powered traction from various medical devices have been rising since 2011.The FDA has regulated ITT for only manufacturers that indicated medical use; however, most manufacturers have not made such medical claims and were exempt from FDA regulation.This article discusses the risks of ITT, the current regulatory process for ITT, and the need for a better understanding of the role of ITT in the treatment of spinal pain while optimizing consumer safety.
PubMed: 36444821
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2133174 -
British Dental Journal Apr 2024Royal patronage is not something new. Engraved images of British royalty were used by early toothpaste manufacturers, dentists and perfumiers to convey royal endorsement...
Royal patronage is not something new. Engraved images of British royalty were used by early toothpaste manufacturers, dentists and perfumiers to convey royal endorsement to boost their product sales in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Packaged in high-quality ceramic pots, these toothpastes and powders promoted cleaning, beautifying and preserving the teeth and gums. These fascinating containers, sealed with a transfer-printed lid, feature inventive designs and typefaces and highlight sophisticated manufacturing and marketing skills to entice consumers. Many have been re-discovered from the excavation of former rubbish tips and are often the only tangible evidence of long defunct businesses that elected to use this latest form of packaging.
Topics: Humans; Advertising; Ceramics; Commerce; Toothpastes; White People; United Kingdom
PubMed: 38609623
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7226-x -
Bulletin de L'Academie Nationale de... Oct 2020The concept of biosimilar medicine was launched by 2001 and 2004 European Directives. First European marketing authorizations were delivered in 2006. They are "copies"... (Review)
Review
The concept of biosimilar medicine was launched by 2001 and 2004 European Directives. First European marketing authorizations were delivered in 2006. They are "copies" of biologically manufactured medicines, mostly proteins. Taking into account the intrinsic variability related to the biological manufacture process, some variation of the chemical structure of the finished compound may be observed. They impact especially the glycosylation residues but not the amino-acid sequence (for proteins). For this reason, the marketing authorization application dossier has to involve, as opposed to the generic medicine procedure, the demonstration of the therapeutic equivalence in at least one clinical indication of the princeps medicine. Introduction of biosimilar medicines of monoclonal antibodies has represented a remarkable event in the domain of rheumatology, gastroenterology and dermatology with infliximab, etanercept and adalimumab biosimilars and in cancerology domains with rituximab, trastuzumab and bevacizumab biosimilars. Biosimilar medicines availability reduces the risk of drug supply rupture of princeps but their main impact is the economic one allowing cost reduction of costly princeps biological medicines. With the acquired clinical experience, the initial fears concerning switch form princeps to a biosimilar for a given patient has progressively disappeared.
PubMed: 32836292
DOI: 10.1016/j.banm.2020.07.050 -
Polymers May 2023Polymers have a reputation for several advantageous characteristics like chemical resistance, weight reduction, and simple form-giving processes. The rise of additive...
Polymers have a reputation for several advantageous characteristics like chemical resistance, weight reduction, and simple form-giving processes. The rise of additive manufacturing technologies such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) has introduced an even more versatile production process that supported new product design and material concepts. This led to new investigations and innovations driven by the individualization of customized products. The other side of the coin contains an increasing resource and energy consumption satisfying the growing demand for polymer products. This turns into a magnitude of waste accumulation and increased resource consumption. Therefore, appropriate product and material design, taking into account end-of-life scenarios, is essential to limit or even close the loop of economically driven product systems. In this paper, a comparison of virgin and recycled biodegradable (polylactic acid (PLA)) and petroleum-based (polypropylene (PP) & support) filaments for extrusion-based Additive Manufacturing is presented. For the first time, the thermo-mechanical recycling setup contained a service-life simulation, shredding, and extrusion. Specimens and complex geometries with support materials were manufactured with both, virgin and recycled materials. An empirical assessment was executed through mechanical (ISO 527), rheological (ISO 1133), morphological, and dimensional testing. Furthermore, the surface properties of the PLA and PP printed parts were analyzed. In summary, PP parts and parts from its support structure showed, in consideration of all parameters, suitable recyclability with a marginal parameter variance in comparison to the virgin material. The PLA components showed an acceptable decline in the mechanical values but through thermo-mechanical degradation processes, rheological and dimensional properties of the filament dropped decently. This results in significantly identifiable artifacts of the product optics, based on an increase in surface roughness.
PubMed: 37242864
DOI: 10.3390/polym15102291 -
Journal of Nepal Health Research Council Jan 2021In the race for a safe and effective vaccine against Coronavirus disease-19 manufacturer plays a critical role throughout the development, clinical trial, manufacturing,...
In the race for a safe and effective vaccine against Coronavirus disease-19 manufacturer plays a critical role throughout the development, clinical trial, manufacturing, supply, and vaccination phases. For the efficacy of Coronavirus disease-19 vaccine, proper transport, storage, vaccine carrier, adjuvant, dosage form and route of vaccine administration plays a crucial role for immune response. In the context of no more people were willing to pay for a Coronavirus disease-19 vaccine the logistics of manufacturing, storing and distributing the vaccine, and mass vaccination are essential. It is urgent to improve health promotion and reduce the barriers to Coronavirus disease-19 vaccination. Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine development; vaccination.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Development; Drug Industry; Humans; Mass Vaccination; Nepal; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33510536
DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v18i4.3351 -
Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2022Traditional manufacturing system inspections are primarily conducted through microtools. Nowadays, the size of consciously manufactured parts that is getting smaller and...
Traditional manufacturing system inspections are primarily conducted through microtools. Nowadays, the size of consciously manufactured parts that is getting smaller and smaller, wherein unwritten methods are subject to subjectivity, often resulting in reckless deviations. It is necessary to develop a highly efficient and correct discovery technique. Given the leaned flexibility of traditional manufacturability analysis methods based on cognitive notoriety and empire foundation, the reality that existing manufacturability analysis methods based on full scientific support cannot give a specific purpose for capability manufacturability. A deep cognition support framework grants the manufacturability analysis example. Manufacturing separative methods are presented as imitate. First, a large enumeration of 3D CAD plan with specific manufacturability are made by digital modeling technology, wherein the tier genealogy is realized to cause the data adjustments required for thorough academics. Then, concavity-oriented designs are established on the PointNet entangle form manufacturability. Dense learned grids were analyzed, and network parameter tuning and management were done; then comparisons with voxel-representation-enabled three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3D-CNN) and existing methods revealed detailed literature for fabricating networks with better robustness and lower algorithm cycle complexity; finally, the actual completion of the network is verified through the example section, and the manufacturability of the cave shape is analyzed to identify the unmanufacturable overall form and explain its considerations. The experimental results have shown that the rule can determine the specific reasons for the unmanufacturable shape under the condition of ensuring the complete notification accuracy ratio, and has a great reproducibility value.
PubMed: 36157122
DOI: 10.1155/2022/5627959 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2022Bioactive compounds (bioactives) derived from plants and animals, are effective in increasing the safety and health of society through the treatment and prevention of... (Review)
Review
Bioactive compounds (bioactives) derived from plants and animals, are effective in increasing the safety and health of society through the treatment and prevention of diseases such as cancer. Fortifying conventional foods with bioactives is an accepted strategy by scientists, food manufacturers, and consumers. Milk and dairy products are among the most important foods used in our daily diet and can be a suitable option to deliver bioactives to the body, but there are challenges towards using these compounds in their original unprotected/free form. They can be degraded before reaching the target location in the body and interact with milk compounds, resulting in a negative impact on the quality characteristics of the corresponding foods. Thus, a suitable encapsulation technique can help to protect these sensitive compounds from environmental stresses and the process they encounter during the manufacture of food. This also prevents adverse interactions of bioactives with compounds in milk. This article aimed to review the recent literature about the addition of encapsulated bioactives such as vitamins, essential fatty acids, phenolic compounds, minerals, and enzymes into milk and dairy products, with a focus on common applied bioactives, methods of encapsulation, the interaction of bioactives with milk components, and the challenges facing the use of this technology in the dairy industry.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Milk; Vitamins
PubMed: 35761536
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111212 -
Bioresources and Bioprocessing Mar 2022Protein-based biomaterials have the characteristics of stability and biocompatibility. Based on these advantages, various bionic materials have been manufactured and...
Protein-based biomaterials have the characteristics of stability and biocompatibility. Based on these advantages, various bionic materials have been manufactured and used in different fields. However, current protein-based biomaterials generally need to form monomers in cells and be purified before being assembled in vitro. The preparation process takes a long time, and the complex cellular environment is challenging to be optimized for producing the target protein product. Here this study proposed technology for in situ synthesis and assembly of the target protein, namely the cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS), which allowed to shorten the synthesis time and increase the flexibility of adding or removing natural or synthetic components. In this study, successful expression and self-assembly of the dihedral symmetric proteins proved the applicability of the CFPS system for biomaterials production. Furthermore, the fusion of different functional proteins to these six scaffold proteins could form active polymers in the CFPS system. Given the flexibility, CFPS is expected to become a powerful tool as the prototyping and manufacturing technology for protein-based biomaterials in the future.
PubMed: 38647573
DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00520-8