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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Clinics of... Jul 2020Most screening in the United States occurs in an opportunistic fashion, although organized screening occurs in some integrated health care systems. Organized colorectal... (Review)
Review
Most screening in the United States occurs in an opportunistic fashion, although organized screening occurs in some integrated health care systems. Organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening consists of an explicit screening policy, defined target population, implementation team, health care team for clinical care delivery, quality assurance infrastructure, and method for identifying cancer outcomes. Implementation of an organized screening program offers opportunities to systematically assess the success of the program and develop interventions to address identified gaps in an effort to optimize CRC outcomes. There is evidence of that organized screening is associated with improvements in screening participation and CRC mortality.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Health Equity; Health Services Accessibility; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Mass Screening; United States
PubMed: 32439078
DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2020.02.002 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Nov 2020Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among intellectually-able adults often presents a clinical challenge, particularly when individuals present in...
Differential diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among intellectually-able adults often presents a clinical challenge, particularly when individuals present in crisis without diagnostic history. The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) is a multiscale personality and psychopathology instrument utilized across clinical settings, but to date there are no published normative data for use of the PAI with adults with ASD. This study provides normative PAI data for adults diagnosed with ASD, with effect size comparisons to the PAI clinical standardization sample and an inpatient sample. Additionally, a discriminant function was developed and cross-validated for identification of ASD-like symptomatology in a clinical population, which demonstrates promise as a screening tool to aid in the identification of individuals in need of specialized ASD assessment.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Screening; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Photic Stimulation; Psychomotor Performance; Young Adult
PubMed: 32170539
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-020-04450-2 -
Acta Diabetologica Sep 2019Various imaging modalities are of significant utility in the screening, grading, treatment, and follow-up of the different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and... (Review)
Review
Various imaging modalities are of significant utility in the screening, grading, treatment, and follow-up of the different stages of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema. Color stereographic photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been the gold standard for DR imaging for years. Besides these tools, newer technologies are gaining validation and popularity, such as fundus autofluorescence and OCT angiography. Furthermore, widefield retinography and ultra-widefield retinography have been introduced for a more comprehensive evaluation of the medium-far and very-far retinal peripheries, which is crucial for the assessment of the diverse manifestations of the disease. The aim of this review is to illustrate the recent advancements of the imaging systems for diagnosing DR, with a focus on the newest and noninvasive diagnostic tools.
Topics: Diabetic Retinopathy; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Inventions; Macular Edema; Mass Screening; Photography; Retina; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31203437
DOI: 10.1007/s00592-019-01373-y -
Revue Medicale Suisse Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Mass Screening; Adult; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 38665110
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.871.859 -
Revue Medicale Suisse Jun 2024
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Mass Screening; Occult Blood
PubMed: 38836399
DOI: 10.53738/REVMED.2024.20.877.1138 -
Hepatology Communications Mar 2021New therapies offer hope for a cure to millions of persons living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV elimination is a global goal that will be difficult to... (Review)
Review
New therapies offer hope for a cure to millions of persons living with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV elimination is a global goal that will be difficult to achieve using the traditional paradigms of diagnosis and care. The current standard has evolved toward universal HCV screening and treatment, to achieve elimination goals. There are several steps between HCV diagnosis and cure with major barriers along the way. Innovative models of care can address barriers to better serve hardly reached populations and scale national efforts in the United States and abroad. Herein, we highlight innovative models of HCV care that aid in our progress toward HCV elimination.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Disease Eradication; Health Services Accessibility; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Humans; Mass Screening; Organizational Innovation
PubMed: 33681673
DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1646 -
Internal and Emergency Medicine Aug 2021Despite considerable improvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and treatment in the last 3 decades, the overall number of people living with HIV... (Review)
Review
Despite considerable improvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and treatment in the last 3 decades, the overall number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is still rising with up to one quarter being unaware of their HIV status. Early HIV diagnosis and treatment prolongs life, reduces transmission, improves quality of life, and is a cost-effective public health intervention. The emergency department (ED) sees a large number of patients from marginalized and traditionally underserved populations in whom HIV is known to be more prevalent and who may notĀ attend traditional services because of either cultural reasons or because of a chaotic lifestyle. This article discusses the two main approaches to screening; 'Opt-out' screening offers testing routinely in all clinical settings, and 'Targeted' screening offers testing to individuals presenting with indicator conditions. There are many studies of 'Opt-out' ED HIV screening in urban areas of high-HIV prevalence. However, little is known about the effectiveness of 'targeted' HIV screening, especially in areas of low prevalence. This review discusses the background to HIV screening in the ED and reviews the evidence around 'targeted' HIV screening in adult EDs in different HIV prevalence settings, concluding that targeted HIV screening at the ED can be impactful, cost-effective, and well accepted in the ED population, but its long-term implementation requires extra funding and increased staffing resource limiting its application in low resource setting. Despite most evidence being from areas of high-HIV prevalence, targeted screening might also be appropriate in low-HIV prevalence areas.
Topics: Emergency Service, Hospital; HIV Infections; Humans; Mass Screening; Prevalence; Public Opinion
PubMed: 33550535
DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02648-5 -
The Lancet. Psychiatry Feb 2022
Topics: Adolescent; Child; China; Depression; Humans; Mass Screening
PubMed: 35065719
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00479-X -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Dec 2020
Topics: Congenital Hypothyroidism; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Neonatal Screening
PubMed: 33463650
DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2020618 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neonatal Screening; Hearing; Mass Screening
PubMed: 37005719
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0269