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Mass Spectrometry Reviews May 2023Saponins are amphiphilic molecules of pharmaceutical interest and most of their biological activities (i.e., cytotoxic, hemolytic, fungicide, etc.) are associated to... (Review)
Review
Saponins are amphiphilic molecules of pharmaceutical interest and most of their biological activities (i.e., cytotoxic, hemolytic, fungicide, etc.) are associated to their membranolytic properties. These molecules are secondary metabolites present in numerous plants and in some marine animals, such as sea cucumbers and starfishes. Structurally, all saponins correspond to the combination of a hydrophilic glycan, consisting of sugar chain(s), linked to a hydrophobic triterpenoidic or steroidic aglycone, named the sapogenin. Saponins present a high structural diversity and their structural characterization remains extremely challenging. Ideally, saponin structures are best established using nuclear magnetic resonance experiments conducted on isolated molecules. However, the extreme structural diversity of saponins makes them challenging from a structural analysis point of view since, most of the time, saponin extracts consist in a huge number of congeners presenting only subtle structural differences. In the present review, we wish to offer an overview of the literature related to the development of mass spectrometry for the study of saponins. This review will demonstrate that most of the past and current mass spectrometry methods, including electron, electrospray and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization ionizations, gas/liquid chromatography coupled to (tandem) mass spectrometry, collision-induced dissociation including MS experiments, multiple reaction monitoring based quantification, ion mobility experiments, and so forth, have been used for saponin investigations with great success on enriched extracts but also directly on tissues using imaging methods.
Topics: Animals; Saponins; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Extracts; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
PubMed: 34431118
DOI: 10.1002/mas.21728 -
The Analyst Aug 2023The cell is the most basic structural unit and plays a vital role in the function of an organism. Studying the heterogeneity of cells, especially the qualitative and... (Review)
Review
The cell is the most basic structural unit and plays a vital role in the function of an organism. Studying the heterogeneity of cells, especially the qualitative and quantitative analyses of proteins and lipids at the cellular level and even at the subcellular level, is of great significance for the study of some important pathological or physiological processes. Due to the small size of a single cell, low content of analytes and large interference from the biological matrix within the single cell, analytical methods at the single cell level must be highly sensitive and selective. Mass spectrometry is a powerful technology for single-cell analysis, because it has high sensitivity, high selectivity and the ability to monitor multiple chemicals at the same time. In this review, four mass spectrometry-based methods applied to single-cell analysis are introduced and discussed in detail; these are electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The recent advances in single-cell analysis with these mass spectrometry-based techniques are summarized. We believe that this review can provide some help and reference for single-cell analysis by mass spectrometry.
Topics: Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion; Proteins; Lasers; Single-Cell Analysis; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 37458146
DOI: 10.1039/d3an00370a -
Chemical Reviews Apr 2022
Topics: Biology; Mass Spectrometry; Proteins
PubMed: 35473309
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00085 -
Annual Review of Biophysics May 2022Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has emerged as an important tool in studying the structure and function of macromolecules and their complexes in the gas phase. In this... (Review)
Review
Native mass spectrometry (nMS) has emerged as an important tool in studying the structure and function of macromolecules and their complexes in the gas phase. In this review, we cover recent advances in nMS and related techniques including sample preparation, instrumentation, activation methods, and data analysis software. These advances have enabled nMS-based techniques to address a variety of challenging questions in structural biology. The second half of this review highlights recent applications of these technologies and surveys the classes of complexes that can be studied with nMS. Complementarity of nMS to existing structural biology techniques and current challenges in nMS are also addressed.
Topics: Macromolecular Substances; Mass Spectrometry; Proteins
PubMed: 34982572
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biophys-092721-085421 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Nov 2022Acquiring accurate and reliable results are crucial in pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses. There is a demand for the ongoing development and validation of advanced... (Review)
Review
Acquiring accurate and reliable results are crucial in pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses. There is a demand for the ongoing development and validation of advanced analytical and bioanalytical methods. Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an extremely powerful tool for the identification, quantification, and characterization of small and macro-(bio)molecules. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) presents fast and high-resolution separation and in combination with MS allows sensitive and selective identification and detailed characterization. To date, CE-MS has been used to analyze a wide range of molecules, including pharmaceuticals, biopharmaceuticals, metabolites, peptides, and proteins. This review provides an update on recent applications and approaches of CE-MS relevant to biomedical and (bio)pharmaceuticals between January 2018 and May 2022. Furthermore, the latest developments on the hyphenation of CE with MS, as well as different CE modes including capillary isotachophoresis, capillary zone electrophoresis, and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography along with on-capillary on-line analyte stacking methods such as field-amplified sample injection, transient isotachophoresis, dynamic pH junction, and solid-phase extraction are discussed.
Topics: Biological Products; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Mass Spectrometry; Peptides; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36191459
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115059 -
Trends in Biochemical Sciences Sep 2023Metal micronutrients are essential for life and exist in a delicate balance to maintain an organism's health. The labile nature of metal-biomolecule interactions clouds... (Review)
Review
Metal micronutrients are essential for life and exist in a delicate balance to maintain an organism's health. The labile nature of metal-biomolecule interactions clouds the understanding of metal binders and metal-mediated conformational changes that are influential to health and disease. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods and technologies have been developed to better understand metal micronutrient dynamics in the intra- and extracellular environment. In this review, we describe the challenges associated with studying labile metals in human biology and highlight MS-based methods for the discovery and study of metal-biomolecule interactions.
Topics: Humans; Metals; Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 37433704
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.06.006 -
Chemical Research in Toxicology Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Environmental Health
PubMed: 38306484
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00430 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Mar 2021Drugs of abuse testing is widely used clinically and forensically. Urine is the preferred type of specimen for drugs of abuse screening, but saliva, sweat, hair, and... (Review)
Review
Drugs of abuse testing is widely used clinically and forensically. Urine is the preferred type of specimen for drugs of abuse screening, but saliva, sweat, hair, and meconium are emerging types of specimens. GC-MS has been used as a gold standard for confirmatory drug testing, but LC-tandem-MS can analyze more diverse types of analytes than GC-MS. Thus, LC-tandem-MS becomes a new gold standard for confirmatory drug testing. Unlike GC-MS, LC-tandem-MS is not suited for non-targeted comprehensive drug screening. But with the advent of high-resolution-MS such as Tof-MS, which can discriminate the compounds of similar molecular masses but with different formulas, LC-hybrid-Tof-MS is usable for non-targeted comprehensive drug screening. Another technical advancement is the advent of miniature ambient ionization MS, which can analyze biological specimens including urine within one minute. Thus these mass spectrometers are promising for rapid drugs of abuse testing in a POC setting.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Substance Abuse Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 33333045
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.12.010 -
Current Opinion in Chemical Biology Apr 2021Undoubtedly, metallomic approaches based on mass spectrometry have evolved into essential tools supporting the drug development of novel metal-based anticancer drugs.... (Review)
Review
Undoubtedly, metallomic approaches based on mass spectrometry have evolved into essential tools supporting the drug development of novel metal-based anticancer drugs. This article will comment on the state-of-the-art instrumentation and highlight some of the recent analytical advances beyond routine, especially focusing on the latest developments in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Mass spectrometry-based bioimaging and single-cell methods will be presented, paving the way to exciting investigations of metal-based anticancer drugs in heterogeneous and structurally, as well as functionally complex solid tumor tissues.
Topics: Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Metals; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 33535112
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.12.005 -
International Journal of Food... Jun 2022Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a tool capable of simultaneously providing in situ untargeted chemical information as well as the spatial distribution of vast... (Review)
Review
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a tool capable of simultaneously providing in situ untargeted chemical information as well as the spatial distribution of vast molecular species with high efficiency. Over decades, this technique has been proven quite solid in many life science disciplines including microbiology, yet few food microbiologists have been using it. This review briefly introduces MSI technology and covers some interesting topics regarding sample preparations. Successful applications of MSI in disciplines similar to food microbiology will be described and perspectives of how MSI could benefit food microbiology and how it may be challenged will be given. This review aims to draw more attention from food microbiologists to this developing technology and subsequently inspire more actual applications.
Topics: Food Microbiology; Mass Spectrometry; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 35427956
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109675