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Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2022To investigate the effects of dental/skeletal malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on four main objective parameters of chewing and jaw function (maximum occlusal bite... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effects of dental/skeletal malocclusion and orthodontic treatment on four main objective parameters of chewing and jaw function (maximum occlusal bite force [MOBF], masticatory muscle electromyography [EMG], jaw kinematics, and chewing efficiency/performance) in healthy children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE (OVID), Embase, and the Web of Science Core Collection. Studies that examined the four parameters in healthy children with malocclusions were included. The quality of studies and overall evidence were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute and GRADE tools, respectively.
RESULTS
The searches identified 8192 studies; 57 were finally included. The quality of included studies was high in nine studies, moderate in twenty-three studies, and low in twenty-five studies. During the primary dentition, children with malocclusions showed similar MOBF and lower chewing efficiency compared to control subjects. During mixed/permanent dentition, children with malocclusion showed lower MOBF and EMG activity and chewing efficiency compared to control subjects. The jaw kinematics of children with unilateral posterior crossbite showed a larger jaw opening angle and a higher frequency of reverse chewing cycles compared to crossbite-free children. There was a low to moderate level of evidence on the effects of orthodontic treatment in restoring normal jaw function.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the limitations of the studies included, it is not entirely possible to either support or deny the influence of dental/skeletal malocclusion traits on MOBF, EMG, jaw kinematics, and masticatory performance in healthy children. Furthermore, well-designed longitudinal studies may be needed to determine whether orthodontic treatments can improve chewing function in general.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Comprehensive orthodontic treatment, which includes evaluation and restoration of function, may or may not mitigate the effects of malocclusion and restore normal chewing function.
Topics: Bite Force; Child; Electromyography; Humans; Malocclusion; Masseter Muscle; Mastication; Masticatory Muscles
PubMed: 34985577
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04356-y -
Current Opinion in Neurobiology Dec 2023Feeding behavior involves a complex organization of neural circuitry and interconnected pathways between the cortex, the brainstem, and muscles. Elevated synchronicity... (Review)
Review
Feeding behavior involves a complex organization of neural circuitry and interconnected pathways between the cortex, the brainstem, and muscles. Elevated synchronicity is required starting from the moment the animal brings the food to its mouth, chews, and initiates subsequent swallowing. Moreover, orofacial sensory and motor systems are coordinated in a way to optimize movement patterns as a result of integrating information from premotor neurons. Recent studies have uncovered significant discoveries employing various and creative techniques in order to identify key components in these vital functions. Here, we attempt to provide a brief overview of our current knowledge on orofacial systems. While our focus will be on recent breakthroughs regarding the masticatory machinery, we will also explore how it is sometimes intertwined with other functions, such as swallowing and limb movement.
Topics: Animals; Mastication; Neurons; Feeding Behavior; Movement; Brain Stem
PubMed: 37913688
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102805 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022The complexity of mandibular dynamics encourages constant research as a vehicle to improve oral health. The gold standard motion capture system might help us to... (Review)
Review
The complexity of mandibular dynamics encourages constant research as a vehicle to improve oral health. The gold standard motion capture system might help us to understand its functioning and its relation to body position, aiming to perform an exhaustive bibliographic review in the Dentistry field. Six different electronic databases were used (Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus) in April 2022. The selection criteria includes a biography, critical analysis, and the full text from 1984 to April 2022, based on the odontological gold standard, whether or not in combination with additional devices. Clinical cases, bibliographic reviews or meta-analysis and grey literature were excluded. The checklist of the critical assessment methodology by Joanna Brigs was used (JBI). After choosing scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals, 23 out of 186 investigations were classified as eligible with a total of 384 participants. The issue being addressed is related to the speech properties, posture and body movement in relation to dento-oro-facial muscle and facial analysis, mandibular kinematics and mandibular dynamics during the mastication process. The markers arrangement depends on the dynamic to be analysed. From a physiologic and pathologic perspective, the applications of the optic system are relevant in Dentistry. The scarcity of literature obtained implies the need for future research.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Checklist; Humans; Mastication; Muscles
PubMed: 35957324
DOI: 10.3390/s22155769 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin May 2024
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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Dec 2020Odontoplasty (floating and occlusal equilibration) is the most commonly performed procedure in equine dentistry. From an anatomic perspective, an irregular occlusal... (Review)
Review
Odontoplasty (floating and occlusal equilibration) is the most commonly performed procedure in equine dentistry. From an anatomic perspective, an irregular occlusal surface, prominent cingula, transverse ridges, and enamel points all contribute to the function, form, and longevity of the equine cheek tooth. With limited reserve crown available and an average functional life range between 18 and 25 years, removal of tooth structure should be conservative. The authors consider a quality oral examination to be the most important dental procedure performed in the horse. Individual tooth evaluation should lead to a specific diagnosis and treatment plan. Tooth odontoplasty should be site-specific.
Topics: Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Malocclusion; Mastication
PubMed: 33067101
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.011 -
L' Orthodontie Francaise Mar 2022Orthodontic diagnosis is generally centered on the morphological aspect, as is the treatment: it is most often a matter of modifying the shape of the arches and their...
INTRODUCTION
Orthodontic diagnosis is generally centered on the morphological aspect, as is the treatment: it is most often a matter of modifying the shape of the arches and their relationships to adjust them to a morphological norm with the goal of a beautiful smile. However legitimate it may be, this diagnostic approach may seem reductive if we consider that teeth are also used to chew: it is even their main function. But how to take into account the masticatory function?
MATERIALS AND METHODS
With the help of clinical examples, the author develops the modalities of the clinical exploration of the mandibular kinematics, reflection of the mastication, on which the systemic diagnosis is based. It highlights the proprioceptive resources of the masticatory system that systemic treatment targets during the correction of malocclusions.
CONCLUSION
The systemic diagnosis highlights the functional role of the arches, inviting, during their correction, to rehabilitate mastication in order to improve their stability.
Topics: Humans; Malocclusion; Mandible; Mastication
PubMed: 35785945
DOI: 10.1684/orthodfr.2022.77 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2022
Topics: Eye Movements; Humans; Mastication; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 35418373
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-245382 -
Pain Research & Management 2020Experimental and model tests were conducted on ten fresh porcine temporomandibular joint discs. The average thickness of disc tissue was, accordingly, 2.77 mm for the... (Review)
Review
MATERIAL
Experimental and model tests were conducted on ten fresh porcine temporomandibular joint discs. The average thickness of disc tissue was, accordingly, 2.77 mm for the anterior zone, 3.98 mm for the posterior, and 1.54 mm for the intermediate. The selection of research material in the form of porcine discs was due to the similarity to human discs.
METHODS
Discs were loaded in cycles, a temporary course with the amplitude 3 N and frequency 0.07 Hz, and growth in the load was 1 N/s. The selection of load frequency was due to real conditions of temporomandibular joint functioning during mastication. The necessary experimental research was conducted on a testing machine with a measurement range of 2.5 kN.
RESULTS
The obtained numeric calculation results indicate that the number of load cycles has a decisive impact on the limitation of energy dispersion capacity through disc tissue. This phenomenon was observed in all the studies on the disc areas. Along with the growth in load cycles, discs are stiffened, and the most significant stiffness was observed in the intermediate area.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the conducted research, it should be concluded that excessive load affecting temporomandibular joints caused by the act of mastication and occlusal forces generated during parafunction and in people with defined long-term bruxism has crucial importance on biomechanical disc properties and hence the course of temporomandibular joint conditions.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bruxism; Mastication; Swine; Temporomandibular Joint Disc; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
PubMed: 33082893
DOI: 10.1155/2020/6032832 -
Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Jul 2020All foods harbor unique length scale-dependent structural features that can influence the release, transport, and utilization of macro- or micronutrients in the human... (Review)
Review
All foods harbor unique length scale-dependent structural features that can influence the release, transport, and utilization of macro- or micronutrients in the human gastrointestinal tract. In this regard, food destructuring and restructuring processes during gastric passage significantly influence downstream nutrient assimilation and feelings of satiety. This review begins with a synopsis of the effects of oral processing on food structure. Then, stomach-centric factors that contribute to the efficacy of gastric digestion are discussed, and exemplified by comparing the intragastric de- and restructuring of a number of common foods. The mechanisms of how intragastric structuring influences gastric emptying and its relationship to human satiety are then discussed. Finally, recently developed, non-destructive instrumental approaches used to quantitively and qualitatively characterize food behavior during gastric destructuring and restructuring are described.
Topics: Digestion; Food Analysis; Gastric Emptying; Mastication; Satiation; Stomach
PubMed: 33337100
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12558 -
Monographs in Oral Science 2020An individual's oral health status has a profound impact on his/her acquisition and utilization of nutrients and interchangeably the nutrients an individual consumes... (Review)
Review
An individual's oral health status has a profound impact on his/her acquisition and utilization of nutrients and interchangeably the nutrients an individual consumes determine the state of oral health by preventing tooth loss and oral diseases. Oral diseases have a considerable impact on the masticatory function which is a critical first step in oral processing of food materials for nutrient procurement. Specifically, a section of this chapter is dedicated to the physiology of masticatory function and to the recent acknowledgement of its influence on memory and cognition, both during development and aging. A description of the occlusal and skeletal pathologies that affect the balance of the chewing pattern and related muscular activation is provided. Intact neurocognitive functions and dentition are essential in mastication to achieve coordinated movements of the teeth and tongue to help propel the food material for ingestion and subsequent nutrient absorption. The tongue is equipped with chemoreceptive, gustatory cells, which modulate taste perception and contain metabolic hormones mediating satiety. Concomitantly, salivary processes, which are stimulated with the anticipation of food ingestion and those which occur during mastication of the food material, initiate digestive enzymes in the mouth and stomach and are important in affecting appetite and food bioavailability. Therefore, oral structures such as the dentition, tongue, and saliva in the context of mastication and nutrient acquisition will be reviewed as well as their impact on food choice and subsequent nutritional status.
Topics: Diet; Female; Male; Mastication; Oral Health; Taste Perception
PubMed: 31940641
DOI: 10.1159/000455383