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Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2022Mature teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor as it represents 95% of germ cell tumors. Although common in children and young adults, ovarian teratoma can occur at... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mature teratoma is the most common germ cell tumor as it represents 95% of germ cell tumors. Although common in children and young adults, ovarian teratoma can occur at any age. Mature teratomas are composed of mature tissues representing elements derived from more than one embryonic germ layer (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm), with ectodermal derivatives being the usual predominant component; however, the finding of a well-differentiated cerebellum is extremely rare.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 20-year-old Saudi female presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain of 1-day duration. Pelvic ultrasound showed a large ovoid- to bilobed-shaped cystic pelvic structure extending to the lower abdomen. The patient underwent left ovarian cystectomy. Microscopic examination showed a cyst wall with skin tissue, including adnexal structures (sebaceous glands), a well-differentiated cerebellum, and mature glial tissue. After extensive sampling, no immature component was identified. Thus, the final diagnosis of a mature cystic teratoma with well-differentiated cerebellum was established. The patient was well postoperatively and was discharged in a stable condition.
CONCLUSION
We report this case of well-differentiated cerebellum within ovarian teratoma to expand the pool of cases reported in literature of this extremely rare entity, as only 22 cases with such findings have been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge. This finding poses a diagnostic challenge to the pathologist due to its rarity and its similarity to immature teratoma. We thus emphasize that thorough sampling of ovarian teratoma is of paramount importance and to keep the aforementioned diagnosis in mind and not confuse it with immature elements, especially in intraoperative consultation and frozen sections.
Topics: Adult; Cerebellum; Child; Dermoid Cyst; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma; Young Adult
PubMed: 35642065
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03444-1 -
Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Jun 2022To report the clinical characteristics and intraoperative findings of periorbital and orbital dermoid cysts and their relationship to location and rupture.
PURPOSE
To report the clinical characteristics and intraoperative findings of periorbital and orbital dermoid cysts and their relationship to location and rupture.
METHODS
Retrospective review of 270 cases with orbital or periorbital dermoid cysts that presented over a period of 11 years. Patients were included if diagnosis of dermoid cyst was made by histopathologic analysis. Clinical characteristics and operative outcomes were recorded and analyzed with Chi-squared analyses or univariate regression. Multivariate binary logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of location and rupture.
RESULTS
Dermoids frequently occurred unilaterally and were more frequently described as mobile (61.5%), followed by fixed (30.8%), and partially fixed (7.7%). Dermoid rigidity was most commonly described as firm (75.5%), followed by cystic, soft, and rubbery. The most common dermoid location was superotemporal (60.4%). On Chi-squared analysis, superotemporal lesions were less likely to have orbital extension than non-superotemporal lesions (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.70, = .01), less likely to undergo CT (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.41, < .01) or MRI (OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.13-0.41, < .01), more likely to be described as mobile (OR 2.91, 95% CI: 1.32-6.43, = .01), and less likely to rupture intraoperatively (OR 0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.73, = .01). No variables were associated with rupture in multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSION
Superotemporal dermoid cysts are common in the pediatric population, less likely to have orbital extension, undergo imaging, and have intraoperative rupture when compared to other locations in the orbit.
Topics: Child; Dermoid Cyst; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Orbital Diseases; Orbital Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35549983
DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2021.1912114 -
Journal of Surgical Case Reports Dec 2023A teratoma is a typically benign tumor derived from more than one embryonic cell line, and it is characterized by presence of tissue foreign to the tumor location site....
A teratoma is a typically benign tumor derived from more than one embryonic cell line, and it is characterized by presence of tissue foreign to the tumor location site. With the unlikely primary location in the gastrointestinal tract and no history of malignancy, we present a rare case of a primary mature cystic teratoma of the cecum. The patient is a 66-year-old male with imaging demonstrating an extraluminal, seemingly fat-containing mass abutting the cecum. The patient underwent resection, and final pathology revealed a mature cystic teratoma. Primary mature teratoma of the cecum is exceptionally rare; thus, diagnosis can be challenging. As he had no primary testicular or retroperitoneal mass, this cystic lesion likely represents a developmental abnormality and not a true neoplasm. The radiographic features, presentation, differential diagnoses, and treatment recommendations are discussed.
PubMed: 38149000
DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad674 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jan 2021Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms that can be malignant or benign. Their occurrence is more prevalent in gonads, but there are rare extragonal reports, and splenic...
INTRODUCTION
Teratomas are germ cell neoplasms that can be malignant or benign. Their occurrence is more prevalent in gonads, but there are rare extragonal reports, and splenic teratomas are exceptionally uncommon.
CASE REPORT
A 44-year-old woman with a report of abdominal pain on the left flank for 12 h, was evaluated with TC that visualized spleen showing an oval, intraparenchymal, hypodense image with dense areas, submitted to conventional splenectomy, what identified mature cystic teratoma.
DISCUSSION
Dermoid cysts have nonspecific symptoms, usually related to extrinsic compression of other structures or rupture of the splenic capsule; the diagnosis is complex, since the alterations in imaging exams are not very specific. Thus, the confirmation is made through anatomopathological analysis.
CONCLUSION
Mature splenic cystic teratomas are rare and treatment should be evaluated according to the presence or absence of symptoms and diagnostic certainty.
PubMed: 33412409
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2020.11.082 -
Cureus Jan 2022A dermoid cyst (DC) is a rare, benign congenital skin lesion that can occur anywhere on the skin and take any shape. DC is clinically diagnosed through imaging and...
A dermoid cyst (DC) is a rare, benign congenital skin lesion that can occur anywhere on the skin and take any shape. DC is clinically diagnosed through imaging and biopsy. The usual treatment of choice for DC is surgical excision to prevent any local complications, such as inflammation, infection, and bone resorption. The type of surgery depends on the size, location, and extension of the cyst. When the cyst presents in certain areas, such as the nose, face, and scalp, surgery can be difficult owing to the possibility of an intracranial connection. Therefore, imaging is usually performed before intervening surgically. Here, we present the case of a two-year-old boy with no medical or surgical history who presented to our dermatology clinic with a slow-growing mass on his nose. During the consultation, the mass was examined, a complete medical history was obtained, and the patient was advised to undergo imaging, which revealed that the mass was a DC. Nevertheless, no deep connection was observed on imaging, and the mass was surgically removed without any complications.
PubMed: 35251799
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21725 -
Abdominal Radiology (New York) Jan 2021
Review
Topics: Dermoid Cyst; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Teratoma
PubMed: 32500238
DOI: 10.1007/s00261-020-02608-1 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Dermoid Cyst; Eyelid Neoplasms; Blepharoptosis
PubMed: 36588008
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.07.020 -
JAMA Ophthalmology Apr 2020
Topics: Child; Choristoma; Dermoid Cyst; Humans; Male; Microscopy, Acoustic; Orbital Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth
PubMed: 32271348
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.0392 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... Jan 2023Mediastinal mature teratomas are often benign and asymptomatic, but ruptured mediastinal mature teratoma is rare and induces severe complications.
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Mediastinal mature teratomas are often benign and asymptomatic, but ruptured mediastinal mature teratoma is rare and induces severe complications.
CASE PRESENTATION
A male, 23 year old, complained shorthness of breath, right chest pain, fever, and cough. Radiological examination (X-ray, CT-Scan and MRI) showed mediastinal teratoma and pleural effusion. The patient received supportive therapies, including oxygen, symptomatic therapy, antibiotics, and lateral thoracotomy. Empyema culture was positive for Shigella dysenteriae. He was discharged after thirty-six days of hospitalization in good clinical condition.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Perforation of mature teratoma is a rare but severe complication. Ruptured mediastinal teratoma can cause extensive pleural adhesions and empyema, making it challenging to perform VATS because of the risk of bleeding and damage to adjacent organs during surgery.
CONCLUSION
Ruptured mediastinal mature teratoma has a good prognosis post-surgical partial resection despite tumor attachment to the pericardium and heart.
PubMed: 36621215
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2022.107857 -
European Journal of Ophthalmology May 2022To understand the pathogenesis of a central corneal dermoid (CD) in a 12-day-old child, a comparison of CD specimen was done with limbal dermoid (LD) and cadaveric...
BACKGROUND
To understand the pathogenesis of a central corneal dermoid (CD) in a 12-day-old child, a comparison of CD specimen was done with limbal dermoid (LD) and cadaveric corneal (CC) specimens by immuno-histochemical staining.
METHODS
The child underwent penetrating keratoplasty for visual rehabilitation. The corneal tissue was sent for histo-pathological and immunochemistry evaluation. The corneal specimen obtained was compared the origin of central CD with LD and CC based on their antigenic expression profile.
RESULTS
Clinically over a period of 75 months post operatively the child maintained a clear graft. Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of LD had a typical morphology including stratified keratinized epithelium, hair shaft with pilo sebaceous glands, eccrine sweat glands, lymphocytes, and blood vessels. Immuno-histochemical staining showed positive stain for Cytokeratin 3 epithelial marker in the epithelium of CC, LD, and CD. Smooth muscle maker (SMA) was identified in LD and CD but not in the CC as it is devoid of blood vessels. Limbal stem cell maker (P63) was detected only in LD. Vimentin, a mesenchymal stem cell marker stained positively in all three tissues of CC, LD, and CD.
CONCLUSIONS
Corneal dermoid showed positive staining for mesodermal tissue components compared to both ectodermal and mesodermal components in limbal dermoid suggesting possibly a different origin of corneal dermoid.
Topics: Child; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Dermoid Cyst; Epithelium, Corneal; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Keratoplasty, Penetrating; Limbus Corneae; Stem Cells
PubMed: 33401954
DOI: 10.1177/1120672120986365