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Frontiers in Medicine 2021To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on retinal fovea thickness, volume, and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness....
To evaluate the effect of femtosecond laser-assisted keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) on retinal fovea thickness, volume, and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness. Thirty-seven eyes (37 patients) undergoing FS-LASIK were included in this prospective study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed 1 day before, 1 h and 1 day after FS-LASIK surgery. Eighteen male and nineteen females were enrolled. Mean patient age was 22.94 ± 4.22 years. One hour postoperatively, macula fovea thicknesses, macula fovea volume, macula parafovea thickness, macula parafovea volume, macula perifovea thickness, macula perifove volume, temporal RNFL thickness, and superior RNFL thickness measures showed significant decrease ( = 6.171, 6.032, and 9.837, 9.700, 2.532, 4.393, 4.926, 2.265; = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.016, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.011). Day 1 post-operation, macula fovea thicknesses, macula fovea volume, macula parafovea thickness, macula parafovea volume, and inferior RNFL thickness measures showed significant change compared to preoperative measures ( = 3.620, 3.220, 2.901, 2.910, 3.632; = 0.001, 0.003, 0.006, 0.006, and 0.001). Our data suggest there are alterations in retinal foveal and RNFL measurements by OCT 1 h and 1 day after FS-LASIK surgery.
PubMed: 34912833
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.778666 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2023The aim of this study was to compare the pushout bond strength (POBS) of three hydraulic cements, when used at thicknesses of 3 and 5 mm.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the pushout bond strength (POBS) of three hydraulic cements, when used at thicknesses of 3 and 5 mm.
METHODS
78 root slices of 3 and 5 mm of thickness were obtained from human teeth. Cylindrical cavities of 1.4 mm of diameter were drilled and filled with Biodentine (BD), Totalfill Root Repair paste (TF) or ProRoot MTA White (PMTA). Pushout tests were performed 21 days later. The fracture pattern of each sample was also analyzed. POBS data were analyzed with Welch and Brown-Forsythe and Tamhane's post hoc tests and a Weibull analysis was also performed.
RESULTS
In the 3 mm group, TF showed significantly lower bond strength than BD and PMTA. In the 5 mm group, BD showed significantly higher bond strength than TF. Both BD and TF showed higher bond strength when the thickness of the sample increased, while PMTA did not.
CONCLUSIONS
TF and BD achieve higher pushout bond strength resistance when used at a thickness of 5 mm than at 3 mm, while the mean resistance of PMTA is less influenced by the thickness. At 5 mm of thickness, BD and PMTA exhibit similar resistance to displacement. However, the behavior of BD is more predictable than that of its predecessor. BD is a reliable hydraulic cement for clinical situations where thick cavities need to be filled and displacement resistance plays an important role. Clinicians need to consider choosing specific hydraulic cements according to the thickness of material to be used.
Topics: Humans; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Dental Cementum; Silicates; Dental Bonding; Materials Testing
PubMed: 36750823
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02758-w -
American Journal of Ophthalmology May 2024To evaluate the association between scleral thickness and a newly developed multimodal imaging-based classification of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
PURPOSE
To evaluate the association between scleral thickness and a newly developed multimodal imaging-based classification of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
DESIGN
Retrospective, cross-sectional study.
METHODS
This study included 217 eyes of 217 patients classified as simple or complex CSC based on the established protocols. Clinical and anatomical factors were compared between the 2 types. The scleral thickness was measured at 4 locations using anterior-segment optical coherence tomography.
RESULTS
Of the 217 eyes, 167 were classified as simple CSC and 50 as complex CSC. The complex CSC group showed older age (P = .011), higher male ratio (P = .001), more bilateral involvement (P < .001), poorer visual acuity (P < .001), greater subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = .025), and higher frequency of loculation of fluid (P < .001) and ciliochoroidal effusion (P < .001) than the simple CSC group. The complex CSC group had significantly greater scleral thicknesses in the superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal directions (all P < .001) than the simple CSC group. Multivariable analysis revealed that older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.054, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.013-1.097, P < .001), male sex (OR 10.445, 95% CI 1.151-94.778, P < .001), bilateral involvement (OR 7.641, 95% CI 3.316-17.607, P < .001), and the mean value of scleral thicknesses in 4 directions (OR 1.022, 95% CI 1.012-1.032, P < .001) were significantly associated with the complex CSC.
CONCLUSIONS
Older age, male sex, bilateral involvement, and thick sclera were associated with the complex CSC. Scleral thickness seemed to determine the clinical manifestations of CSC.
Topics: Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Sclera; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fluorescein Angiography; Visual Acuity; Choroid; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 38281567
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.01.025 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2020Track cyclists are required to perform short- and long-term efforts during sprint and endurance race events, respectively. The 200 m flying sprint races require maximal...
Track cyclists are required to perform short- and long-term efforts during sprint and endurance race events, respectively. The 200 m flying sprint races require maximal power output and anaerobic capacity, while the 4,000 m pursuit cyclists demand a high level of aerobic capacity. Our goal was to investigate spatial changes in morphological and mechanical properties displayed using 3D topographical maps of the quadriceps muscle and tendons after 200 m flying start and 4,000 m individual pursuit race in elite track cyclists. We hypothesized a non-uniform distribution of the changes in the quadriceps muscle stiffness (QM), and acute alterations in quadriceps tendon (QT) and patellar tendon (PT) thickness. Fifteen men elite sprint and 15 elite men endurance track cyclists participated. Sprint track cyclists participated in a 200 m flying start, while endurance track cyclists in 4,000 m individual pursuit. Outcomes including QT (5-10-15 mm proximal to the upper edge of the patella), PT (5-10-15-20 mm inferior to the apex of the patella)-using ultrasonography evaluation, QM, and quadriceps tendon stiffness (QT) were measured according to anatomically defined locations (point 1-8) and patellar tendon stiffness (PT)-using myotonometry, measured in a midway point between the patella distal and the tuberosity of tibial. All parameters were assessed before and after (up to 5 min) the 200 m or 4,000 m events. Sprint track cyclists had significantly larger QT and PT than endurance track cyclists. analysis showed significant spatial differences in QM between rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis in sprint track cyclists. At before race, sprint track cyclists presented significantly higher mean QT and PT, and higher QM and the QT, as compared with the endurance track cyclists. The observed changes in PT and QT were mostly related to adaptation-based vascularity and hypertrophy processes. The current study suggests that assessments using both ultrasonography and myotonometry provides crucial information about tendons and muscles properties and their acute adaptation to exercise. Higher stiffness in sprint compared with endurance track cyclists at baseline seems to highlight alterations in mechanical properties of the tendon and muscle that could lead to overuse injuries.
PubMed: 33381054
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.607208 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Pancreatic thickness is an indicator for evaluating pancreatic diseases. The transverse and cross-sectional pancreatic thickness observed on computed tomography (CT) may...
Pancreatic thickness is an indicator for evaluating pancreatic diseases. The transverse and cross-sectional pancreatic thickness observed on computed tomography (CT) may differ. This study aimed to provide a normal reference range for pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane based on body weight (BW) and assess pancreatic thickness to aorta (P/Ao) ratio. In addition, we aimed to establish the normal short and long dimensions of the pancreas based on cross-sectional image through the long axis of the pancreas using multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). The short dimension to aorta (S/Ao) and long dimension to aorta (L/Ao) ratios were also established in clinically normal dogs. The pancreatic thickness was measured using CT results of 205 clinically normal dogs. The pancreatic thickness on the transverse plane and the short and long dimensions in the cross-sectional image of the pancreas were measured using MPR. The diameter of the Ao was measured on the transverse plane and the P/Ao, S/Ao, and L/Ao ratios were calculated. Our study showed that the mean normal pancreatic thicknesses (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) of the pancreatic body, left and right lobe in the transverse plane were 10.92 ± 2.54 mm, 8.92 ± 2.26 mm and 9.96 ± 2.24 mm, respectively. The P/Ao ratios of the pancreatic body, left and right lobes were 1.85 ± 0.33, 1.50 ± 0.27 and 1.68 ± 0.29, respectively. The mean short dimension (mean ± SD) in the cross-sectional image of the pancreatic body, left and right lobe were 8.98 ± 1.97 mm, 7.99 ± 1.89 mm and 8.76 ± 2.03 mm, respectively. In conclusion, pancreatic thickness increased with BW, while the P/Ao, S/Ao, and L/Ao ratios could be used regardless of BW.
PubMed: 38026648
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1254672 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Sep 2022Information regarding the masking ability of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) resin-matrix ceramic materials with different compositions is...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Information regarding the masking ability of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacture (CAD-CAM) resin-matrix ceramic materials with different compositions is scarce.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of background color and thickness on the optical properties (color and translucency) of CAD-CAM resin-matrix ceramics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twelve rectangular specimens were fabricated at a different thickness (1, 1.5, and 2 mm) (n=12) from each of the resin-matrix ceramic materials: Shofu block (SB), Lava Ultimate (LU), CERASMART (CS), VITA ENAMIC (VE), Crystal Ultra (CU), and the VITABLOCS Mark II feldspathic ceramic (VB). The color of the specimens over amalgam, titanium, enamel, and dentin backgrounds was measured with a spectrophotometer, and the color differences (ΔE∗) were calculated by using the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) 76 formula. The difference in color of the specimen over the black and white backgrounds was used to calculate the translucency parameter (TP). ANOVA was used to statistically test whether material, background, and thicknesses influenced ΔE∗ and TP values. Post hoc comparisons were performed to determine the significant difference among the groups (α=.05).
RESULTS
The interaction with 2 between factors demonstrated that the material was a factor that significantly influenced ΔE∗ (P<.001). The highest mean ±standard deviation of ΔE∗ was recorded in the combination of VB material and 2-mm thickness (1.84 ±0.37), and the lowest with CS material with 1.5-mm thickness (0.47 ±0.24). The type of material and specimen thickness significantly influenced TP (P<.001). The highest and lowest mean ±standard deviation of TP were recorded for the 1-mm-thick CS (14.20 ±0.90) and 2-mm-thick SB (4.91 ±0.42) specimens, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
CERASMART resin-matrix ceramic and VITABLOCS Mark II feldspathic ceramic exhibited high and low masking abilities over the investigated background substrates, respectively. However, irrespective of the thickness, all study materials exhibited acceptable masking abilities.
Topics: Ceramics; Color; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Titanium
PubMed: 35864022
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.06.009 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2022To investigate the impact of different-thickness scleral lenses (SLs) on corneal thickness, curvature, and fluid reservoir thickness in keratoconic eyes.
PURPOSE
To investigate the impact of different-thickness scleral lenses (SLs) on corneal thickness, curvature, and fluid reservoir thickness in keratoconic eyes.
METHODS
Schiempflug imaging and AS-OCT was captured before and immediately following 6 h of SL wear. Different-thickness lenses were used while keeping the other parameters the same. The timing of the measurement for day 1 and day 2 was matched to allow for the control of the confounding influence of diurnal variation.
RESULTS
Immediately after 6 h of lens wear, no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was noted in corneal edema in any region and quadrants between thin- and thick-lens wearers. The calculated percentage of corneal edema was also within the range of overnight closed eye physiological swelling. Pentacam measured higher central corneal thickness compared to AS-OCT in both baselines and after 6 h of lens wear. The current investigation reported minimal but not statistically significant (P > 0.05) flattening in anterior and steepening in posterior curvature parameters in both thin and thick SLs. The mean reduction in the fluid reservoir thickness was 80.00 ± 3.99 and 79.36 ± 3.84 microns after 6 h of thin- and thick-lens wear, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A statistically significant positive correlation (r = 0.67, P = 0.02) was found between lens thickness and change in anterior steep k with thick-lens wear.
CONCLUSION
Central lens thickness of 200-400 μm did not cause any significant change in corneal curvature and fluid reservoir thickness and did not induce clinically significant corneal edema after short-term SL wear.
Topics: Humans; Keratoconus; Corneal Edema; Cornea; Lens, Crystalline; Sclera
PubMed: 36453326
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1309_22 -
International Ophthalmology Apr 2021To evaluate effects of glaucoma and central corneal thickness (CCT) on optic nerve head biomechanics.
PURPOSE
To evaluate effects of glaucoma and central corneal thickness (CCT) on optic nerve head biomechanics.
METHODS
Four groups were formed according to CCT measurements and the presence of glaucoma. Glaucomatous patients with thin (< 510 µ) and thick (> 570 µ) corneas composed groups 1 and 3, respectively. Nonglaucomatous patients with thin and thick corneas composed groups 2 and 4, respectively. Real-time elastography (RTE) was performed on all groups, and optic nerve strain rate (ONSR), orbital fat strain rate (OFSR), and strain ratio of orbital fat to the optic nerve and medial and lateral parts of the optic nerve (SROFON, SROFMON, SROFLON, respectively) were obtained and compared between groups. The correlations between CCT and these parameters were also investigated.
RESULTS
Statistically significant difference was not found between groups in terms of strain rate of optic nerve and orbital fat, SRFON, SROFMON and SROFLON. There was a positive correlation between ONSR and OFSR and mean CCT in patients with CCT thinner than 510 µ (p: 0.03 r: 0.26, p: 0.01 r: 0.32 respectively).
CONCLUSION
SROFON, SROFLON and SROFMON values did not differ between glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous patients with thin or thick CCTs. The correlations between CCT and OFSR and ONSR were found to be statistically significant in patients with thin CCT.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Cornea; Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Optic Disk
PubMed: 33387111
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01686-w -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Dec 2021There is a high prevalence of myofascial pain in people with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). The fascial origin of pain may correspond to changes in the...
There is a high prevalence of myofascial pain in people with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS). The fascial origin of pain may correspond to changes in the extracellular matrix. The objective of this study was to investigate structural changes in fascia in hEDS. A series of 65 patients were examined prospectively-26 with hEDS, and 39 subjects with chronic neck, knee, or back pain without hEDS. The deep fascia of the sternocleidomastoid, iliotibial tract, and iliac fascia were examined with B-mode ultrasound and strain elastography, and the thicknesses were measured. Stiffness (strain index) was measured semi-quantitatively using elastography comparing fascia to muscle. Differences between groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance. hEDS subjects had a higher mean thickness in the deep fascia of the sternocleidomastoid compared with non-hEDS subjects. There was no significant difference in thickness of the iliac fascia and iliotibial tract between groups. Non-hEDS subjects with pain had a higher strain index (more softening of the fascia with relative stiffening of the muscle) compared with hEDS subjects and non-hEDS subjects without back or knee pain. In myofascial pain, softening of the fascia may occur from increase in extracellular matrix content and relative increase in stiffness of the muscle; this change is not as pronounced in hEDS.
Topics: Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Extracellular Matrix; Fascia; Humans; Pain; Prevalence
PubMed: 34741592
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31948 -
Dentistry Journal Aug 2021(1) Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hardness of resin cements polymerized through ceramic disks under different process factors (ceramic type and...
(1) Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hardness of resin cements polymerized through ceramic disks under different process factors (ceramic type and thickness, light-polymerization units and polymerization time); (2) Method: Three types of ceramic blocks were used (IPS e.max CAD; Celtra Duo; VITABLOCS). Ceramic disks measuring 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm were cut from commercial blocks. Two resin cements (Rely X Veneer and Variolink Esthetic) were polymerized through the ceramic specimens using distinct light-polymerization units (Deep-cure; Blue-phase) and time intervals (10 and 20 s). Hardness of cement specimens was measured using microhardness tester with a Knoop indenter. Data were statistically analyzed using factorial ANOVA (α = 5%); (3) Results: Mean microhardness of Rely X Veneer cement was significantly higher than that of Variolink Esthetic. Deep-cure resulted in higher mean microhardness values compared to Blue-phase at 0.5- and 1-mm specimen thicknesses. Moreover, a direct correlation was found between polymerization time and hardness of resin cement; (4) Conclusions: Surface hardness was affected by resin cement type and ceramic thickness, and not affected by ceramic types, within evaluated conditions. Increasing light-polymerization time significantly increased the hardness of the cement.
PubMed: 34436004
DOI: 10.3390/dj9080092