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Vaccine Dec 2023Since 1969, rubella and its harmful effect on fetuses infected in utero can be prevented by rubella vaccine, usually given in combination with measles vaccine. The... (Review)
Review
Since 1969, rubella and its harmful effect on fetuses infected in utero can be prevented by rubella vaccine, usually given in combination with measles vaccine. The rubella vaccine is highly protective both in children and in adults including women intending to become pregnant. Owing to the use of combined measles and rubella vaccines, congenital rubella infection has been eliminated from the Western Hemisphere and nearly all of Europe. Such combined vaccination is now being applied throughout the world, posing the possibility of eventual rubella eradication. The existence of viruses of animals related to rubella does not appear to be a barrier to eradication of the human virus. However, persistent rubella virus in infants infected in utero and of immunosuppressed patients with granulomas may pose a problem for eradication. Nevertheless, this review posits that eradication of rubella is now feasible if routine vaccination of infants and surveillance for chronic infection are correctly applied.
Topics: Child; Infant; Pregnancy; Adult; Humans; Female; Rubella; Rubella Vaccine; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Rubella virus; Vaccination; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine
PubMed: 37973510
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.014 -
The Journal of School Nursing : the... Aug 2019
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Immunization Schedule; Measles; Measles Vaccine; School Nursing; United States
PubMed: 31296143
DOI: 10.1177/1059840519856941 -
Journal of Medical Primatology Apr 2023It is six decades since the measles vaccine was first introduced, and yet we continue to see frequent outbreaks of this disease occurring all over the world. Many... (Review)
Review
It is six decades since the measles vaccine was first introduced, and yet we continue to see frequent outbreaks of this disease occurring all over the world. Many non-human primate (NHP) species, including apes, are susceptible to the measles virus. Spontaneous measles outbreaks have been described in a number of zoos and primate centers worldwide. Research into the spontaneous and experimental infection of laboratory primates with measles represents an invaluable source of information regarding the biology and pathogenesis of this virus and continues to be an irreplaceable and unique tool for testing vaccines and treatments. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize and analyze published data on the circulation of the measles virus among free-living synanthropic and captive primate populations, as well as the results of experiments that have modeled this infection in NHPs.
Topics: Animals; Primates; Measles; Measles virus; Measles Vaccine; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36440505
DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12630 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Jun 2020Measles eradication is biologically and technically feasible, but suboptimal immunisation programme performance, insufficient political commitment, overcautious global... (Review)
Review
Measles eradication is biologically and technically feasible, but suboptimal immunisation programme performance, insufficient political commitment, overcautious global agencies, and inadequate prioritisation by important donors are hindering progress towards this noble public health goal. These constraints have given rise to a global resurgence in measles cases and preventable deaths, with re-established transmission in countries that have previously eliminated endemic virus transmission. The ethical, economic, and epidemiological reasons for accelerating progress towards eradication are irrefutable. Measles virus also serves as the most sensitive test of universal health coverage. Where health systems are not reaching all susceptible children and communities, the presence of measles cases will expose and proclaim this failure. The global health community should urgently intensify efforts to eradicate measles.
Topics: Disease Eradication; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 32197095
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30052-9 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Measles Vaccine; COVID-19
PubMed: 37725096
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2261195 -
Current Opinion in Virology Apr 2020Measles caused an estimated minimum of one million fatalities annually before vaccination. Outstanding progress towards controlling the virus has been made since the... (Review)
Review
Measles caused an estimated minimum of one million fatalities annually before vaccination. Outstanding progress towards controlling the virus has been made since the measles vaccine was introduced, but reduction of measles case-fatalities has stalled at around 100,000 annually for the last decade and a 2019 resurgence in several geographical regions threatens some of these past accomplishments. Whereas measles eradication through vaccination is feasible, a potentially open-ended endgame of elimination may loom. Other than doubling-down on existing approaches, is it worthwhile to augment vaccination efforts with antiviral therapeutics to solve the conundrum? This question is hypothetical at present, since no drugs have yet been approved specifically for the treatment of measles, or infection by any other pathogen of the paramyxovirus family. This article will consider obstacles that have hampered anti-measles and anti-paramyxovirus drug development, discuss MeV-specific challenges of clinical testing, and define drug properties suitable to address some of these problems.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Drug Development; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles virus
PubMed: 32247280
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.02.007 -
JAMA Dermatology Dec 2019
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Risk Factors; Vaccination
PubMed: 31825476
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.2663 -
American Journal of Respiratory and... Jul 2019
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 31259630
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2001P1 -
Medicina 2020
Topics: Anti-Vaccination Movement; Humans; Mass Vaccination; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 32044749
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 38649173
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.240415