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Journal of the Chinese Medical... Jan 2020Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not... (Review)
Review
Measles is a highly infectious viral illness and is one of the world's most contagious diseases that can affect all people if they have not been vaccinated or have not had it before. Before measles vaccine became available in 1963, major epidemic occurred approximately every 2 to 3 years and thus 99% of the people were thought to have been infected naturally with measles virus and got immune for life. In 2000, measles was declared eliminated from the United States, and yet 1215 cases have been reported from 30 states as of August 22, 2019. Currently, there are several large measles outbreaks universally, and some people who were not immune and they need to get their measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) vaccine to prevent measles outbreaks. As vaccination coverage increases, the average age of measles infection can change to adolescents and young adults. In addition, the protective antibodies derived from vaccination might decrease gradually, and the risk of measles infection in young adults is increasing regardless of international travelling.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination
PubMed: 31569091
DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000210 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Jul 2019
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Communicable Disease Control; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Measles; Measles Vaccine; United States; Vitamin A; Vitamins
PubMed: 31184814
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMcp1905181 -
JAMA Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 36374512
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.21363 -
Expert Review of Vaccines 2023Vaccination is an effective, relatively inexpensive, and easy to deliver approach to combating infectious diseases. Widespread vaccination of children has led to the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Vaccination is an effective, relatively inexpensive, and easy to deliver approach to combating infectious diseases. Widespread vaccination of children has led to the eradication of smallpox and allowed for regional elimination or control of diseases like polio, measles, mumps, tetanus, diphtheria, and whooping cough. But, as we learned from efforts to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, a successful global vaccination program must overcome several hurdles. Failure at any stage can limit vaccine uptake and disease control.
AREAS COVERED
In this review, we break down the vaccine journey from research and development to delivery into several steps. We also list all the important international organizations trying to support this ecosystem. Then we identify the role of each of these organizations in supporting each of the necessary steps for a successful vaccination program.
EXPERT OPINION
The bottlenecks in vaccination can be different for different countries, based on their income and geography. Policy makers need to identify the weaknesses of this ecosystem in different regions of the world and make sure there is adequate global and local support to fill the gaps in the system.
Topics: Child; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Pandemics; Vaccination; Vaccines
PubMed: 37608523
DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2250433 -
Przeglad Epidemiologiczny 2022Measles is a disease under the elimination program coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The elimination of measles in the country is possible provided...
INTRODUCTION
Measles is a disease under the elimination program coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The elimination of measles in the country is possible provided that 95% of the population is vaccinated with two doses of the vaccine, the epidemiological situation is monitored, all suspected cases of measles are recorded, and laboratory diagnostics are conducted by the WHO Reference Laboratory. Polish Reference Laboratory is located at the Department of Virology NIPH NIH - NRI.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the article is to analyze the epidemiological situation of measles in Poland in 2020 with presenting the measles vaccination coverage and the progress of the measles elimination programme in Poland.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The epidemiological situation of measles in Poland was analyzed on the basis of the case-based questionnaires of cases suspected of measles sent to NIPH NIH - NRI by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Stations, data from the publications: "Infectious diseases and poisonings in Poland in 2020" and "Vaccinations in Poland in 2020".
RESULTS
In 2020, 29 cases of measles were notified to the surveillance system in Poland (incidence 0.08 per 100,000 population). The highest incidence was observed in the aged 0-4 was estimated at 0.42 per 100,000 population. Out of all cases, 9 (31%) were hospitalized. No fatal cases due to the measles were reported.
CONCLUSIONS
The epidemiological situation of measles in 2020 in comparison with the situation in 2019, has improvement. This was a trend in throughout Europe.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Poland; Registries; Age Distribution; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Incidence; Urban Population; Rural Population; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 37017432
DOI: 10.32394/pe.76.49 -
Pediatrics Feb 2020Mandatory vaccination has been effective in maintaining high vaccination coverage in countries such as the United States. However, there are no peer-reviewed analyses of...
BACKGROUND
Mandatory vaccination has been effective in maintaining high vaccination coverage in countries such as the United States. However, there are no peer-reviewed analyses of the association between mandates and both coverage and subsequent incidence of vaccine-preventable disease in Europe.
METHODS
Using data from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the World Health Organization, we evaluated the relationship between country-level mandatory vaccination policies and (1) measles and pertussis vaccine coverage and (2) the annual incidence of these diseases in 29 European countries. Multivariate negative binomial and linear regression models were used to quantify these associations.
RESULTS
Mandatory vaccination was associated with a 3.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68 to 5.74) percentage point higher prevalence of measles vaccination and a 2.14 (95% CI: 0.13 to 4.15) percentage point higher prevalence of pertussis vaccination when compared with countries that did not have mandatory vaccination. Mandatory vaccination was only associated with decreased measles incidence for countries without nonmedical exemptions (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.36). We did not find a significant association between mandatory vaccination and pertussis incidence.
CONCLUSIONS
Mandatory vaccination and the magnitude of fines were associated with higher vaccination coverage. Moreover, mandatory vaccination was associated with lower measles incidence for countries with mandatory vaccination without nonmedical exemptions. These findings can inform legislative policies aimed at increasing vaccination coverage.
Topics: Confidence Intervals; Europe; Humans; Incidence; Mandatory Programs; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Pertussis Vaccine; Vaccination Coverage; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 31932361
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0620 -
Journal of Special Operations Medicine... 2020Measles is a significant concern with approximately 10 million people infected annually causing over 100,000 deaths worldwide. In the US before use of the measles...
Measles is a significant concern with approximately 10 million people infected annually causing over 100,000 deaths worldwide. In the US before use of the measles vaccine, there were estimated to be 3 to 4 million people infected with measles annually, causing 400 to 500 deaths. Complications of measles include otitis media, diarrhea, pneumonia, and acute encephalitis. Measles is a leading cause of blindness in the developing world, especially in those who are vitamin A deficient. Malnourished children with measles are also at higher risk of developing noma (or cancrum oris), a rapidly progressive gangrenous infection of the mouth and face. Most deaths due to measles are caused by pneumonia, diarrhea, or neurological complications in young children, severely malnourished or immunocompromised individuals, and pregnant women. A rare sequela of measles is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Pregnancy
PubMed: 32573751
DOI: 10.55460/3NFC-341T -
European Journal of Epidemiology Oct 2019Measles vaccination schedules and targets of herd immunity have been designed according to the paradigm that the vaccine is as protective as natural infection, and the... (Review)
Review
Measles vaccination schedules and targets of herd immunity have been designed according to the paradigm that the vaccine is as protective as natural infection, and the virus has remained of a single serotype over many decades. As a result, ongoing measles resurgence is mostly attributed to gaps in immunization. Using official data, we investigated the correlation between the rate of vaccine coverage reported and aggregated at the national level, and the incidence of cases. We discussed the limits of this indicator considered in isolation. We provide a literature overview of measles vaccine efficacy and failures. We questioned whether measles strains could escape the vaccine. Immunization tools and strategies for measles control deserve to be optimized in the current context.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Genotype; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles virus; Vaccination
PubMed: 31624970
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-019-00569-4 -
Pediatric Annals Jul 2019
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Disease Outbreaks; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Infant; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Parents; Patient Safety; United States; Vaccination Coverage; Vaccination Refusal
PubMed: 31305939
DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20190612-02 -
The Nurse Practitioner May 2022Measles is a vaccine-preventable, highly contagious virus once considered eradicated in the US. It is still a significant source of morbidity and mortality for children...
Measles is a vaccine-preventable, highly contagious virus once considered eradicated in the US. It is still a significant source of morbidity and mortality for children under 5 years of age worldwide. Advanced practice registered nurses are on the frontlines of reducing the spread of disease and educating the community on measles prevention.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 35470329
DOI: 10.1097/01.NPR.0000827116.22104.60