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The Journal of Infectious Diseases Apr 2020
Topics: Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles virus
PubMed: 31674645
DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz381 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT May 2023MV-LASV is an investigational measles Schwarz-based vaccine for the prevention of Lassa fever. A repeated-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus macaques was performed to...
MV-LASV is an investigational measles Schwarz-based vaccine for the prevention of Lassa fever. A repeated-dose toxicity study in cynomolgus macaques was performed to assess the biodistribution and local and systemic toxicological effects. Monkeys received three immunizations of MV-LASV or saline intramuscularly with a 2-week interval. An increase in anti-measles antibodies confirmed the reaction of the immune system to the vaccine backbone. Clinical observations, body weight, body temperature, local tolerance, electrocardiogram parameters, various clinical pathology parameters (hematology, coagulation urinalysis, serum chemistry, and C-reactive protein) were monitored. Gross pathology and histopathology of various tissues were evaluated. MV-LASV induced a mild increase in fibrinogen and C-reactive protein concentrations. This coincided with microscopic inflammation at the injection sites which partially or fully resolved following a 3-week recovery period. Viral RNA was found in secondary lymphoid organs and injection sites and gall bladder. No viral shedding to the environment was observed. Overall, the vaccine was locally and systemically well tolerated, supporting a first-in-human study.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Measles Vaccine; Tissue Distribution; C-Reactive Protein; Macaca fascicularis; Lassa Fever; Vaccines, Synthetic
PubMed: 36480160
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4421 -
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious... Sep 2019
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Genotype; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 31282536
DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piz043 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Nov 2021The 2014-15 Disneyland measles outbreak that began at the California theme park in December 2014 sparked an international conversation regarding measles, vaccine... (Review)
Review
The 2014-15 Disneyland measles outbreak that began at the California theme park in December 2014 sparked an international conversation regarding measles, vaccine hesitancy, and vaccine policies. The outbreak capped a year with the highest number of measles cases reported in two decades and came amidst increasing trends in nonmedical vaccine exemptions in California and elsewhere. Because of its sensational story line and spread among unvaccinated populations, the outbreak received a high level of media coverage that focused on vaccine hesitancy as a primary driver of the outbreak. This media coverage and the ostensible public support for vaccines that followed led some to hypothesize that the outbreak might have a "Disneyland effect," or a positive influence on the uptake of pediatric measles vaccine. This article reviews the facts of the outbreak and its context, and explores the evidence for the Disneyland outbreak causing an influence on U.S. pediatric vaccine-related beliefs and behaviors.
Topics: Child; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Vaccination; Vaccination Hesitancy
PubMed: 34495822
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1972707 -
Current Opinion in Pediatrics Jun 2020The measles vaccine, first introduced in 1963, directly led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of the disease. Measles transitioned from being a common childhood... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The measles vaccine, first introduced in 1963, directly led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of the disease. Measles transitioned from being a common childhood disease, affecting approximately three to four million children annually, to being eradicated in the United States in 2000. What was once an astounding victory for modern medicine, however, has recently seen a dramatic reversal in fortune, with a resurgence of measles cases in the United States. Hence, it merits careful discussion.
RECENT FINDINGS
The United States has seen more measles cases in 2019 than in any prior year in the past 30 years. These outbreaks are because of many factors but a significant cause is the increase in vaccine refusal within sub-populations in America. This finding indicates that the current approach that healthcare workers take with families towards MMR vaccination could be more effective.
SUMMARY
This article aims to educate the reader about the measles virus and its clinical presentation, the MMR vaccine and its overwhelming success, and the concerning current national and international trends in measles outbreaks. Importantly, we focus on positions proposed by hesitant vaccinators and determine how medical providers can participate in productive conversation about vaccination to better gain trust and guide improved shared clinical decision-making.
Topics: Child; Disease Outbreaks; Humans; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; United States; Vaccination
PubMed: 32374581
DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000895 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Apr 2023There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and...
There is limited information on vaccine responses in children with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). We studied diphtheria, tetanus, measles, mumps and rubella vaccine responses in 6-year-old children with cCMV and controls. Protective antibody levels and geometric mean concentrations did not differ significantly between the study groups. Therefore, immunizations for children with cCMV should be administrated according to established national schedules.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine; Measles; Immunization; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Antibodies, Viral; Rubella; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 36728664
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003819 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Infant; Measles Vaccine; Rubella Vaccine; Rubella; Measles; Immunization Schedule; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps; Vaccination; Antibodies, Viral
PubMed: 37282389
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_79_23 -
Nursing & Health Sciences Dec 2020This study aims to determine the prevalence and causes of childhood vaccine and measles vaccine hesitancy and refusal among healthcare students in Turkey. The pool of...
This study aims to determine the prevalence and causes of childhood vaccine and measles vaccine hesitancy and refusal among healthcare students in Turkey. The pool of this cross-sectional study, which included 718 students, was made up of healthcare students from the Faculty of Health Sciences at Balikesir University (N = 960). It was determined that 10% of students surveyed were hesitant regarding childhood vaccines, while 11.8% were hesitant with regard to the measles vaccine, specifically. Many of the participants held the belief that chronic idiopathic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and autism are related to vaccines; they also believed that vaccines should not be mandatory. More alarming than this, however, was that in response to a question regarding the measles vaccine, many of the students responded that "I would not have my child vaccinated with the vaccines administered by the Ministry of Health if I had a child." The findings revealed, overall, that the rates of childhood vaccine hesitancy and measles vaccine hesitancy are high among the healthcare students who were surveyed and that a high number of healthcare students hold negative attitudes that are related to rates of vaccine hesitancy.
Topics: Adult; Attitude of Health Personnel; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Measles Vaccine; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Students, Health Occupations; Surveys and Questionnaires; Turkey; Vaccination; Vaccination Refusal
PubMed: 32700440
DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12762 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; Infant; Measles; Vaccination; Measles Vaccine
PubMed: 38320782
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q259 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde May 2020The measles virus is highly contagious and may hit non-immune populations very hard, as observed on remote islands. The first live-attenuated measles virus vaccine was...
The measles virus is highly contagious and may hit non-immune populations very hard, as observed on remote islands. The first live-attenuated measles virus vaccine was registered in the United States in 1963, and was imported to the Netherlands from 1968 onwards. Production was taken over by the National Institute for Public Health (RIV). Because the burden of disease was still high, measles vaccination was introduced into the Dutch National Immunisation Programme in 1976; since 1987 this has been in the form of the combined measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination. The MMR vaccine was also initially imported and later manufactured by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Since then, measles epidemics have almost exclusively affected unvaccinated populations. Vaccinated individuals are thus well-protected, as are unvaccinated individuals as long as the rate of vaccination in the surrounding population is sufficiently high. Unvaccinated individuals who travel to countries where measles is endemic are still at a higher risk. Recent studies show that measles not only has the classical symptoms, but also damages the immune system.
Topics: Epidemics; Humans; Immune System; Immunization Programs; Measles; Measles Vaccine; Measles virus; Netherlands
PubMed: 32395946
DOI: No ID Found