-
Psychology, Health & Medicine Aug 2022It is found that overgeneral Autobiographic Memory (AM) disturbance is related to affective disorder such as depression. This article reviewed the conception and... (Review)
Review
It is found that overgeneral Autobiographic Memory (AM) disturbance is related to affective disorder such as depression. This article reviewed the conception and mechanism of overgeneral AM, which including Affection Regulation, Functional Avoidance, Capture & Rumination, Impaired Executive Control and the CaR-FA-X model. The relationship between depression and overgeneral AM is also reviewed, in both adult and adolescent patients, overgeneral AM is a risk factor of depressive disorder and AM deficits might be trait-like in depressive patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depression; Executive Function; Humans; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 33870813
DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1916954 -
Current Neurology and Neuroscience... Jun 2021This review traces amnesia's history from its earliest eighteenth century classification as a medical disorder to the present. Sophisticated depictions in the nineteenth... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review traces amnesia's history from its earliest eighteenth century classification as a medical disorder to the present. Sophisticated depictions in the nineteenth century literature containing elaborate compilations of causal factors, including neurologic, consider pathogenesis, course, duration, durability, and temporal features.
RECENT FINDINGS
Severe amnesia, especially anterograde involving new learning, found archetypal expression in the twentieth century, in the case of H.M. The "pure" amnesia confirmed an independent memory disorder distinct from other cognitive disturbances, with functional dissociations illustrating nuanced manifestations and highlighting the role of some discovered structural correlates (e.g., hippocampal and associated MTL regions). Moreover, neural networks and interconnections have also notably been implicated. Although concepts of illness change across cultures and centuries, portrayal of amnesia remained consistent as it spread internationally. Amnesia's groundbreaking original nosology laid a foundation for contemporary paradigms of the multifactorial nature, specificity, and complexity of a poignantly thought-provoking disorder.
Topics: Amnesia; Cognitive Dysfunction; Hippocampus; Humans; Memory Disorders
PubMed: 34110519
DOI: 10.1007/s11910-021-01126-x -
PloS One 2020The GluD1 gene is associated with susceptibility for schizophrenia, autism, depression, and bipolar disorder. However, the function of GluD1 and how it is involved in...
The GluD1 gene is associated with susceptibility for schizophrenia, autism, depression, and bipolar disorder. However, the function of GluD1 and how it is involved in these conditions remain elusive. In this study, we generated a Grid1 gene-knockout (GluD1-KO) mouse line with a pure C57BL/6N genetic background and performed several behavioral analyses. Compared to a control group, GluD1-KO mice showed no significant anxiety-related behavioral differences, evaluated using behavior in an open field, elevated plus maze, a light-dark transition test, the resident-intruder test of aggression and sensorimotor gating evaluated by the prepulse inhibition test. However, GluD1-KO mice showed (1) higher locomotor activity in the open field, (2) decreased sociability and social novelty preference in the three-chambered social interaction test, (3) impaired memory in contextual, but not cued fear conditioning tests, and (4) enhanced depressive-like behavior in a forced swim test. Pharmacological studies revealed that enhanced depressive-like behavior in GluD1-KO mice was restored by the serotonin reuptake inhibitors imipramine and fluoxetine, but not the norepinephrine transporter inhibitor desipramine. In addition, biochemical analysis revealed no significant difference in protein expression levels, such as other glutamate receptors in the synaptosome and postsynaptic densities prepared from the frontal cortex and the hippocampus. These results suggest that GluD1 plays critical roles in fear memory, sociability, and depressive-like behavior.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Depression; Fear; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Memory Disorders; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Social Behavior Disorders
PubMed: 32078638
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229288 -
Annual Review of Psychology Jan 2020Developmental disorders of language include developmental language disorder, dyslexia, and motor-speech disorders such as articulation disorder and stuttering. These... (Review)
Review
Developmental disorders of language include developmental language disorder, dyslexia, and motor-speech disorders such as articulation disorder and stuttering. These disorders have generally been explained by accounts that focus on their behavioral rather than neural characteristics; their processing rather than learning impairments; and each disorder separately rather than together, despite their commonalities and comorbidities. Here we update and review a unifying neurocognitive account-the Procedural circuit Deficit Hypothesis (PDH). The PDH posits that abnormalities of brain structures underlying procedural memory (learning and memory that rely on the basal ganglia and associated circuitry) can explain numerous brain and behavioral characteristics across learning and processing, in multiple disorders, including both commonalities and differences. We describe procedural memory, examine its role in various aspects of language, and then present the PDH and relevant evidence across language-related disorders. The PDH has substantial explanatory power, and both basic research and translational implications.
Topics: Brain; Humans; Language Development Disorders; Memory Disorders
PubMed: 31337273
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011555 -
Physiological Research Apr 2024ADHD is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and are often accompanied by learning and... (Review)
Review
ADHD is a common chronic neurodevelopmental disorder and is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and are often accompanied by learning and memory impairment. Great evidence has shown that learning and memory impairment of ADHD plays an important role in its executive function deficits, which seriously affects the development of academic, cognitive and daily social skills and will cause a serious burden on families and society. With the increasing attention paid to learning and memory impairment in ADHD, relevant research is gradually increasing. In this article, we will present the current research results of learning and memory impairment in ADHD from the following aspects. Firstly, the animal models of ADHD, which display the core symptoms of ADHD as well as with learning and memory impairment. Secondly, the molecular mechanism of has explored, including some neurotransmitters, receptors, RNAs, etc. Thirdly, the susceptibility gene of ADHD related to the learning and impairment in order to have a more comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis. Key words: Learning and memory, ADHD, Review.
Topics: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Humans; Animals; Memory Disorders; Learning; Disease Models, Animal; Learning Disabilities; Memory
PubMed: 38710050
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935202 -
Critical Care (London, England) Dec 2019Memory gaps in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are associated with psychiatric disorders. The ICU diaries improve the patient's factual memory of the ICU, but it is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Memory gaps in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors are associated with psychiatric disorders. The ICU diaries improve the patient's factual memory of the ICU, but it is not clear if they reduce the incidence of psychiatric disorders in patients and relatives after hospital discharge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the literature on the effect of ICU diaries for patients admitted in ICU and their relatives.
METHODS
Two authors independently searched the online databases PubMed, OVID, Embase, EBSCO host, and PsycINFO from inception to July 2019. Studies were included if the intervention group (ICU diary) was compared with a group with no diaries and the sample was comprised patients ≥ 18 years old admitted in the ICU for more than 24 h and their relatives. Randomized clinical trials, observational studies, letter with original data, and abstracts were included, irrespective of the language. The search was not limited by any specific outcome. Review articles, commentaries, editorials, and studies without a control group were excluded. Structured tools were used to assess the methodological quality ("Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I)" for cohort studies and the "Cochrane Risk of Bias tool" for included RCTs and before/after studies). A random-effects model was employed considering the anticipated variability between the studies.
RESULTS
Seven hundred eighty-five titles were identified for screening. Two additional studies were selected after a reference search, and after a full-text review, a total of 12 studies were included. When pooling the results, ICU diary was associated with lower risk of depression (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.23-0.75) and better quality of life (10.3 points higher in SF-36 general health score, 95% CI 0.79-19.8), without a decrease in anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). For the relatives receiving an ICU diary, there was no difference in the incidence of PTSD, anxiety, or depression.
CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE
This systematic review and meta-analysis supports the use of ICU diaries to reduce the risk of depression and preserve the quality of life of patients after ICU admission. ICU diaries do not seem to have any beneficial effect on the relatives of the patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, CRD42019136639.
Topics: Critical Illness; Diaries as Topic; Family; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Memory Disorders; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patients; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Survivors
PubMed: 31842929
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2678-0 -
Proceedings of the Japan Academy.... 2020Memory retrieval is not a passive process. When a memory is retrieved, the retrieved memory is destabilized, similar to short-term memory just after learning, and... (Review)
Review
Memory retrieval is not a passive process. When a memory is retrieved, the retrieved memory is destabilized, similar to short-term memory just after learning, and requires memory reconsolidation to re-stabilize the memory. Recent studies characterizing destabilization and reconsolidation showed that a retrieved memory is not always destabilized and that there are boundary conditions that determine the induction of destabilization and reconsolidation according to certain parameters, such as the duration of retrieval and the memory strength and age. Moreover, the reconsolidation of contextual fear memory is not independent of memory extinction; rather, these memory processes interact with each other. There is an increasing number of findings suggesting that destabilization following retrieval facilitates the modification, weakening, or strengthening of the original memory, and the resultant updated memory is stabilized through reconsolidation. Reconsolidation could be targeted therapeutically to improve emotional disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and phobia. Thus, this review summarizes recent findings to understand the mechanisms and function of reconsolidation.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Humans; Memory Consolidation; Memory Disorders; Mental Disorders; Phobic Disorders; Signal Transduction; Stress Disorders, Traumatic
PubMed: 32161213
DOI: 10.2183/pjab.96.008 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Feb 2024
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Memory, Episodic; Memory Disorders; Health Status; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 38416436
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2311200 -
Cognition & Emotion Nov 2022Previous research has found that depression is characterised by biased processing of emotional information. Although most studies have examined cognitive biases in...
Previous research has found that depression is characterised by biased processing of emotional information. Although most studies have examined cognitive biases in isolation, simultaneous examination of multiple biases is required to understand how they may interact and influence one another to produce depression vulnerability. In this study, the attention and memory biases of currently depressed, previously depressed, and never depressed women were examined using the same stimuli and a unified methodology. Participants viewed negative, positive, and neutral words while their eye gaze was tracked and recorded. After a distraction task, participants completed an incidental recognition test that included words from the eye-tracking task and new words. The results supported the hypothesised mediation model for positive words: currently depressed women had a reduced attention bias for positive words and, in turn, had poorer memory for positive words relative to never depressed women. Previously depressed women, however, showed a lack of coherence between attention and memory biases for positive words. The groups did not differ in their attention or memory biases for negative words. The findings provide novel evidence in support of a causal link between the absence of protective attention and memory biases for positive information in clinical depression.
Topics: Humans; Female; Emotions; Depressive Disorder, Major; Memory Disorders; Fixation, Ocular; Bias
PubMed: 35819001
DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2022.2099348 -
Der Nervenarzt Dec 2020
Topics: Humans; Memory; Memory Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 33123770
DOI: 10.1007/s00115-020-01024-6