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FASEB Journal : Official Publication of... Nov 2019Memory deficits affect a large proportion of the human population and are associated with aging and many neurologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases....
Memory deficits affect a large proportion of the human population and are associated with aging and many neurologic, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases. Treatment of this mental disorder has been disappointing because all potential candidates studied thus far have failed to produce consistent effects across various types of memory and have shown limited to no effects on memory deficits. Here, we show that the promotion of neuronal arborization through the expression of the regulator of G-protein signaling 14 of 414 amino acids (RGS14) not only induced robust enhancement of multiple types of memory but was also sufficient for the recovery of recognition, spatial, and temporal memory, which are kinds of episodic memory that are primarily affected in patients or individuals with memory dysfunction. We observed that a surge in neuronal arborization was mediated by up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling and that the deletion of BDNF abrogated both neuronal arborization activation and memory enhancement. The activation of BDNF-dependent neuronal arborization generated almost 2-fold increases in synapse numbers in dendrites of pyramidal neurons and in neurites of nonpyramidal neurons. This increase in synaptic connections might have evoked reorganization within neuronal circuits and eventually supported an increase in the activity of such circuits. Thus, in addition to showing the potential of RGS14 for rescuing memory deficits, our results suggest that a boost in circuit activity could facilitate memory enhancement and the reversal of memory deficits.-Masmudi-Martín, M., Navarro-Lobato, I., López-Aranda, M. F., Delgado, G., Martín-Montañez, E., Quiros-Ortega, M. E., Carretero-Rey, M., Narváez, L., Garcia-Garrido, M. F., Posadas, S., López-Téllez, J. F., Blanco, E., Jiménez-Recuerda, I., Granados-Durán, P., Paez-Rueda, J., López, J. C., Khan, Z. U. RGS14 treatment induces memory enhancement and rescues episodic memory deficits.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Hippocampus; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Mice; Neurites; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurons; Peptide Fragments; RGS Proteins; Rats; Signal Transduction; Synapses
PubMed: 31365833
DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900429RR -
Neuropsychology Sep 2020Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with large magnitude impairments in working memory, whereas short-term memory deficits, when...
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been associated with large magnitude impairments in working memory, whereas short-term memory deficits, when detected, tend to be less pronounced. However, confidence in these findings is limited due to task impurity combined with methodological and statistical limitations of the current evidence base. A well-characterized, clinically evaluated sample of 172 children ages 8-13 years ( = 10.30, = 1.42; 72 girls; 64% White/non-Hispanic) were administered multiple, counterbalanced working memory tests. Bifactor-(s-1) modeling was used to characterize the presence and magnitude of central executive working memory, phonological short-term memory, and visuospatial short-term memory deficits in pediatric ADHD. ADHD status was associated with very large magnitude impairments in central executive working memory that are present in most pediatric cases ( = 1.63-2.03; 75%-81% impaired), and these deficits covaried with ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptom severity based on both parent and teacher report. There was also evidence for a unique, albeit significantly smaller, impairment in visuospatial short-term memory ( = 0.60; 38% impaired); however, visuospatial short-term memory abilities did not covary with ADHD symptom severity. There was no evidence linking ADHD with phonological short-term memory deficits across either the dimensional or categorical analyses. These findings provide strong evidence that ADHD is associated with marked central executive working memory deficits that covary with their behavioral symptom presentation across settings. In contrast, visuospatial short-term memory deficits, when present, are likely epiphenomenal, and the most parsimonious conclusion appears to be that phonological short-term memory is intact in pediatric ADHD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Models, Psychological; Neuropsychological Tests; Parents; School Teachers; Spatial Memory
PubMed: 32437194
DOI: 10.1037/neu0000641 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Aug 2020The impact of emotional factors on subjective cognitive complaints and memory test performance has been a topic of extensive research, produced conflicting results....
The impact of emotional factors on subjective cognitive complaints and memory test performance has been a topic of extensive research, produced conflicting results. Investigators typically used self-report inventories that lack measures of response bias. Studies have also neglected to use performance validity tests (PVTs) to screen participants for incomplete effort. In the present study, 27% of the original sample of non-litigating outpatient referrals ( = 416) failed to meet self-report and performance validity criteria. Remaining participants ( = 226) were classified into high and low depression groups using their median score (66 ) on Scale (Depression) of the MMPI-2. "High depression" subjects scored over 65 on the scale ( = 77 ). "Low depression" subjects scored below 66 ( = 56 ). Test performances were compared across WAIS-IV Digit Span, Wechsler Memory Scale IV Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests, and the Miami Selective Learning Test. High and low depressive groups exhibited no significant mean score differences on any memory measures. Cognitive Complaints on the Cognitive Difficulties Scale () were associated with level of depressive symptoms ((226) =.42, <.001). Complaints were predictive of delayed (30 min) list recall ((224) =.19, =.006, but were not related to eight other memory measures. Results suggest that, in general, depression severity is predictive of cognitive complaints yet has little, if any, relation to memory test performance.
Topics: Adult; Cognitive Dysfunction; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance
PubMed: 32752927
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2020.1782848 -
Translational Psychiatry Feb 2024Memory persistence is a double edge sword. Persistence of adaptive memories is essential for survival and even determines who we are. Neurodegenerative conditions with... (Review)
Review
Memory persistence is a double edge sword. Persistence of adaptive memories is essential for survival and even determines who we are. Neurodegenerative conditions with significant memory loss such as Alzheimer's disease, testify how defects of memory persistence have severe and irreversible effects on personality, among other symptoms. Yet, maintenance of overly strong maladaptive memories underlies highly debilitating psychiatric conditions including post-traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, substance dependence and binge eating disorder. Here we review the neurobiological mechanisms supporting memory formation, persistence, inhibition and forgetting. We then shift the focus to how such mechanisms have been exploited to alter the persistence of laboratory-generated memories in human healthy volunteers as a proof of concept. Finally, we review the effect of behavioural and pharmacological interventions in anxiety and addiction disorder patients, highlighting key findings, gaps, and future directions for basic and translational research.
Topics: Humans; Anxiety Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Phobic Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders; Memory Disorders
PubMed: 38355584
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02808-z -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Aug 2020While the aging of the population is a sign of progress for societies, it also carries its load of negative aspects. Among them, cognitive decline and in particular... (Review)
Review
While the aging of the population is a sign of progress for societies, it also carries its load of negative aspects. Among them, cognitive decline and in particular memory loss is a common feature of non-pathological aging. Autobiographical memories, which rely on the hippocampus, are a primary target of age-related cognitive decline. Here, focusing on the neurobiological mechanisms of memory formation and storage, we describe how hippocampal functions are altered across time in non-pathological mammalian brains. Several hallmarks of aging have been well described over the last decades; among them, we consider altered synaptic communication and plasticity, reduction of adult neurogenesis and epigenetic alterations. Building on the neurobiological processes of cognitive aging that have been identified to date, we review some of the strategies based on lifestyle manupulation allowing to address age-related cognitive deficits.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Memory Disorders; Memory, Episodic; Neurogenesis
PubMed: 32298784
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109943 -
Sleep Nov 2022To examine the longitudinal association between probable insomnia status and both subjective and objective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults.
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To examine the longitudinal association between probable insomnia status and both subjective and objective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
26 363 participants, ≥45 years, completed baseline and follow-up (3 years after baseline) self-reported evaluations of sleep and memory, and neuropsychological testing in the following cognitive domains: memory, executive functions, and psychomotor speed. Participants were categorized as having probable insomnia disorder (PID), insomnia symptoms only (ISO), or no insomnia symptoms (NIS), based on sleep questionnaires. Participants were further grouped based on their sleep change over time. Prospective odds of self-reported memory worsening were assessed using logistic regression, and associations between insomnia and cognitive performance were assessed via linear mixed-effects modeling, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors.
RESULTS
An increased odds (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.29-2.26) of self-reported memory worsening was observed for NIS participants at baseline who developed PID at follow-up compared to those who developed ISO or remained NIS. Additionally, participants whose sleep worsened from baseline to follow-up (i.e. transitioned from NIS to ISO, ISO to PID, or NIS to PID) displayed increased odds (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10-1.34) of subjective memory worsening at follow-up compared to those who remained insomnia-free or improved their sleep. There were no significant associations between the development of PID or worsening sleep and performance on neuropsychological tests.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings of an increased odds for subjective memory decline in middle-aged and older adults with insomnia disorder suggest insomnia may be an important target for early interventions addressing age-related cognitive decline.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Longitudinal Studies; Prospective Studies; Cognition; Canada; Aging; Memory Disorders
PubMed: 35877203
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac176 -
Journal of the International... Nov 2019Despite the critical role of working memory (WM) in neuropsychiatric conditions, there remains a dearth of available WM-targeted interventions. Gamma and theta... (Review)
Review
Despite the critical role of working memory (WM) in neuropsychiatric conditions, there remains a dearth of available WM-targeted interventions. Gamma and theta oscillations as measured with electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG) reflect the neural underpinnings of WM. The WM processes that fluctuate in conjunction with WM demands are closely correlated with WM test performance, and their EEG signatures are abnormal in several clinical populations. Novel interventions such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been shown to modulate these oscillations and subsequently improve WM performance and clinical symptoms. Systematically identifying pathological WM-related gamma/theta oscillatory patterns with EEG/MEG and developing ways to target them with interventions such as TMS is an active area of clinical research. Results hold promise for enhancing the outcomes of our patients with WM deficits and for moving the field of clinical neuropsychology towards a mechanism-based approach.
Topics: Brain Waves; Cerebral Cortex; Electroencephalography; Humans; Magnetoencephalography; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 31358081
DOI: 10.1017/S1355617719000845 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Jul 2022Hippocampal circuitry and related cortical connections are altered in first episode psychosis (FEP) and are associated with verbal memory deficits, as well as positive...
Hippocampal circuitry and related cortical connections are altered in first episode psychosis (FEP) and are associated with verbal memory deficits, as well as positive and negative symptoms. There are robust sex differences in the clinical presentation of psychosis, including poorer verbal memory in male patients. Consideration of sex differences in hippocampal-cortical circuitry and their associations with different behavioral dimensions may be useful for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of verbal memory deficits and related symptomatology in psychosis. Here, we use a data-driven approach to simultaneously capture the complex links between sex, verbal memory, symptoms, and cortical-hippocampal brain metrics in FEP. Structural magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral data were acquired from 100 FEP patients (75 males, 25 females) and 87 controls (55 males, 32 females). Multivariate brain-behavior associations were examined in FEP using partial least squares to map sociodemographic, verbal memory, and clinical data onto brain morphometry. The analysis identified two sex-dependent patterns of verbal memory, symptoms, and brain structure. In male patients, verbal memory deficits and core psychotic symptoms were associated with both increased and decreased frontal and temporal cortical thickness and reductions in CA2/3 hippocampal subfield and fornix volumes. In female patients, fewer negative/depressive symptoms were associated with a more attenuated cortical thickness pattern and more diffuse reductions in hippocampal white matter regions. Taken together, the results contribute towards better understanding the underlying pathophysiology of psychosis by highlighting the unique contribution of specific hippocampal subfields and surrounding white matter and their connections with broader cortical networks in a sex-dependent manner.
Topics: Brain; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Memory; Memory Disorders; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 35594601
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.05.006 -
Revue Neurologique Jun 2020Older adults with epilepsy frequently report changes in memory function, with a concern about degenerative disease. However, the precise limit between memory changes... (Review)
Review
Older adults with epilepsy frequently report changes in memory function, with a concern about degenerative disease. However, the precise limit between memory changes related to the effects of longstanding chronic epilepsy and physiological aging on memory abilities is very difficult to specify. Knowledge about characteristics of physiological cognitive aging, its influence on memory test results, and its interactions with clinical variables related to epileptic disease are therefore essential to interpret memory scores. This paper aims at presenting an overview of the different factors that might modulate the developmental trajectory of episodic memory in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. For this purpose, the effects of age on memory in healthy and epileptic persons will be first reviewed with a special focus on episodic memory functions in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. Finally, scientific evidence supporting or not the presence of an accelerated memory decline in patients with longstanding epilepsy will be presented by discussing the interests and the limits of the existing literature. Identifying the best outcome measures to assess episodic memory and understanding the risk factors that might precipitate memory decline are key knowledge to improve the clinical care and quality of life of persons with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Cognitive Dysfunction; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Memory; Memory Disorders; Neuropsychological Tests
PubMed: 32418701
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2020.04.011 -
The International Journal of... Jun 2022Learning and memory functions in animals were evaluated by using Novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Following 7 days of LPS...
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Learning and memory functions in animals were evaluated by using Novel object recognition (NOR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. Following 7 days of LPS administration, animals were subjected to NOR test on Day-8 and MWM test on Days-9 to 13 for the assessment of recognition and spatial learning and memory, respectively.
RESULTS
LPS administration produced significant deficits in recognition and spatial memory in mice after seven days of LPS administration. In LPS pre-treated mice, agmatine treatment on Day-8 resulted in the increased exploration to the novel object. Agmatine treatment (Day 8-12) in mice showed reduction in the escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant (probe trial) in the MWM test. However, co-administration of agmatine with LPS in mice for 7 days showed higher discrimination index in NOR test on Day-8. This co-administration also decreased escape latency and time spent in the target quadrant in MWM test on Days 9-13 as compared to LPS control group.
CONCLUSION
Results implies the protective and curative effects of agmatine against LPS-induced loss of memory functions in experimental animals.HighlightsSubchronic but not acute lipopolysaccharides induce memory deficitsLipopolysaccharides impairs recognition and spatial memory in mice.Agmatine prevents lipopolysaccharides-induced loss of memory.Agmatine reverses deficits in learning and memory by lipopolysaccharides.
Topics: Agmatine; Animals; Hippocampus; Lipopolysaccharides; Maze Learning; Memory; Memory Disorders; Mice
PubMed: 33089716
DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1830086